Tarnobrzeg
Tarnobrzeg | ||
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Car plates RT | | |
Website | http://www.tarnobrzeg.pl/ | |
Tarnobrzeg [tarˈnɔbʐɛk] ⓘ is a city in south-eastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland), on the east bank of the river Vistula, with 49,419 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2009.[1] Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo podkarpackie) since 1999, it had previously been the capital of Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship (1975–1998). Tarnobrzeg lies in the Sandomierz Basin, and directly borders the town of Sandomierz, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Its history dates back to the year 1593, when it was granted Magdeburg rights, and belonged to the Tarnowski family. For centuries Tarnobrzeg remained a small town, which did not develop until the post-World War II period, when it became center of an industrial area, based on rich sulfur deposits.
Etymology
The name Tarnobrzeg refers to the founders of the town, the
Until the 20th century, however, the name Tarnobrzeg was not popular among residents. In common use were such names, as
Location and area
Tarnobrzeg lies along National Road 9, which is part of the European route E371. The town also is a railroad hub, with five stations located within its limits (Ocice, Sobow, Tarnobrzeg, Tarnobrzeg Waskotorowy and Wielowieś). Rail lines stem from Tarnobrzeg into four directions: southwards towards Dębica, southeast towards Rzeszów, east towards Stalowa Wola, and northwards, towards Sandomierz.
Currently Tarnobrzeg is one of the largest towns of Poland in terms of territory. It covers the area of 85 square kilometres (33 sq mi), and the distance between its extreme northern and southern locations reaches 20 kilometres (12 miles). This is because, in 1975, Tarnobrzeg unexpectedly became the capital of a newly created province, Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship. To expand the town, local authorities initiated a policy of annexation of local villages. As a result, in the late 1970s, the size of the town quickly grew, when several villages and settlements (
Administrative divisions of Tarnobrzeg
Boroughs, districts and
History
Tarnobrzeg was founded in 1593, during the golden age of Poland, to become the residence of the Tarnowski family (see szlachta). In that year, King Sigismund III Vasa granted Magdeburg rights to the village (May 28, 1593). The founder of the town was Stanislaw Tarnowski, Castellan of Sandomierz. In 1772, it became part of the Austrian Empire and remained in the province of Galicia until November 1918. Tarnobrzeg, located very close to the Russian-Austrian border, sustained heavy damage during World War I by invading armies.
In the aftermath of World War I, the short-lived Republic of Tarnobrzeg was declared here, and in 1919, the town became part of Lwów Voivodeship of the newly independent Second Polish Republic. The city suffered significant emigration within the former Austrian empire and elsewhere during the interbellum years (1919–1939). A public school system was founded during that time.
In the 1950s, after geological research into fuel deposits, significant sulfur resources were discovered. From the early 1960s the city grew rapidly: the population rose from 5,000 to 50,000 in 1990s. After closing the sulfur mine "Siarkopol" in Machów and Jeziórko a stagnation of Tarnobrzeg followed. In 1999 it ceased being a Voivodeship capital and became a city-county (powiat grodzki).
Timeline of Tarnobrzeg history (note: the history of Tarnobrzeg itself is not very long. Much older are several districts of the contemporary town, such as Wielowieś in its north, and Miechocin in the south).
- Till 1772 Poland during the Jagiellon dynasty, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Sandomierz Voivodeship
- 1772 – 1918 Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary: Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
- 1918 – 1919 Republic of Tarnobrzeg
- 1919 – 1939 Second Polish Republic: Lwów Voivodeship
- 1939 – 1944 Nazi Germany: General Government (Distrikt Krakau, Dębica Land)
- 1944 – 1975 Polish People's Republic: Rzeszów Voivodeship
- 1975 – 1998 Third Polish Republic: Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship
- From 1999 Poland: Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Tarnowski family
The history of Tarnobrzeg is closely tied with the noble Leliwita family, which in the 16th century changed its name into
The development of Nowy Tarnów was stopped during the catastrophic Swedish invasion of Poland (1655–1660), when the town was destroyed by the Swedes. After the invasion, Jan Stanislaw Tarnowski funded a Dominican Monastery, with the painting of Our Lady of Dzików (1678), which was moved there from the Dzików Castle. In 1734, the Dzików Confederation was formed in the Dzików Castle, and among its creators was Jozef Mateusz Tarnowski. In the late 18th century, the castle was remodelled in the late Baroque style, and last owners of Dzików were Jan Zdzislaw Tarnowski (1862–1937), and Artur Tarnowski (1903–1984).
Jewish community
Pre-
In the years 1772–1918 (see:
The political stability in Tarnobrzeg and surrounding areas that ended with the collapse of the Austrian Empire as a result of World War I portended a difficult future for Tarnobrzeg's Jews. Although atrocities and population displacements during World War II dominated the history of Tarnobrzeg's Jews, deportations during World War I to trans-Ural Russia were also highly disruptive and destroyed much of the established community. Many emigrated to the United States or Palestine.
Nearby , during the pre-World War II period.
A prominent Tarnobrzeg citizen,
World War II
Prior to Nazi German and Soviet
Economy
The city was a major center for the mining and processing of
Since the 1980s, the land in the mining areas has gradually been reclaimed. The Machów mine has been filled with water to form a reservoir used for recreation, and the same is happening to the Jeziórko mine — it is being slowly filled from the nearby Vistula river.
Tourism
Place: | Photo: | Information: | Notes: |
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Dominican Church and Convent
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Marian Sanctuary of Our Lady of Dzików, Baroque monastery from the end of 17th century, step of St. James Lesser Polish Way , situated close to Głowacki Sq in Old Town
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open 6am – 7pm, tourism visitation forbidden during worship services | |
Chapel and Monastery of Dominicans Sisters and church of St. Michael and St Gertrude in Wielowieś
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complex of buildings from half of the 19th century, a tomb of the founder of the assembly Róża Kolumba Białecka is located at a monastery, its roots go back to the 13th century, according to tradition, the original wooden church was associated with the activities of the Dominican – St. Hyacinth | conservation works inside the church | |
Dzików Castle with park and garden complex | works on transferring the Historical Museum of City | thorough restoration and repair work, possible visit the cellars, open Tue – Fri 10am – 4pm; Sun 12am – 4pm, end of work and reopen in 2011 or 2012 | |
Jewish Graveyard
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founded in 1930 | closed for visitors | |
Tarnobrzeg synagogue | built in the second half of 19th century, now used as the Municipal Public Library | open Mon – Fri 10am – 6pm, Sat 8am – 3pm | |
Church of Mary Magdalene in Miechocin
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Gothic church from the 14th century, its roots go back to the beginnings of Christianity in the Polish territories | closed apart from hours of worship services, Weekdays 6pm, Sun and Fest 7:30am, 10:35am, 5pm | |
Shindler's Hunting Palace in Tarnobrzeg Mokrzyszów | Neogothic building from the 19th century, at present, adapted up to needs of the Centre Of The Teacher Education | ||
Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Serbinów
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huge mosaic presbytery, relics of saints and blessed: Faustyna Kowalska, Gianna Beretta Molla, Padre Pio
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Perpetual Adoration Chapel open around the clock, the upper church opened in hours of worship services, Weekdays 6am, 8am, 3pm, 6pm, Sun and Fest 7am, 8:30 am, 10am, 11:30am, 1pm, 4pm, 5pm, 7:30pm | |
Padewicz Manor House in Tarnobrzeg-Nagnajów | Classical building, situated close to the Wisłostrada St. | closed | |
Zwierzyniecki Wood | rest of Sandomierska Wilderness | Zwierzyniecka St leads from the Dzików Castle through Serbinów to the wood | |
Machowski Reservoir
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artificial reservoir built on the premises of the former sulfur mine, situated close to the Wisłostrada St. | open in 2010 | |
Former Tarnobrzeg Granary in Wymysłów | built in 1843, now used as the Historical Museum of City | open Tue – Fri 8am – 3pm; Sat 12am – 4pm | |
Monument of Bartosz Głowacki | built in 1904, situeted in the main Town Square, vis-à-vis of Dominican Monastery | ||
Tarnobrzeg City Hall | Eclectic building from 1910, former County Hall, now the office of the Mayor of Tarnobrzeg, situated close to Surowieckiego Sq | open 7:30am – 3:30pm | |
Former Burgher Casino | built in early 20th century, now Community Centre of Culture, situated close to Sokola St |
Roman Catholic churches and parishes
- Church of Mary Magdalene – around 1160, parishsince around 1132
- Church of Saint Gertrude and Saint Michael – first church 12th century, parish since 1215, current church 1884
- Monastery of Dominicans– 1667 (wooden), 1706, parish since 1922
- Parish of Our Ladysince 1980
- Church of Good Shepherd – 1990, parish since 1972
- Church of Our Lady of Częstochowa in Tarnobrzeg – 1991, parish since 1969
- Church of Saint Barbara – wooden church 1988, current church 1996, parish since 1989
- Church of Divine Mercy – 1996, parish since 1997
- Church of Visitation – 1997, parish since 1985
- Church of Christ the King – 2003, parish since 2003
- Chapel of All Saints– 2009
- Monastery of Dominicans Sisters in Tarnobrzeg
Sport
- Siarka Tarnobrzeg – football club
Cyclical events
- New Year's Run – January
- Tarnobrzeg Days – May, June
- International Organ Virtuoso Performances – July, August
- Saint Dominic's Fair – August
- Bartoszki Film Festival – August
- Satyrblues – September
- International Alfred Freyer Vistula River Run – October
- Tarnobrzeg Social Days and Tarnobrzeg Days of The Christian Culture – October
- Barbórkowa Drama Teatralna – December
Twin towns – sister cities
Tarnobrzeg is
See also
- Tarnowski family
- Siarka Tarnobrzeg – local football team
- Dzików Castle
- Lesser Polish Way
References
- Notes
- ^ "Population. Size and structure by territorial division 1995-2009". Central Statistical Office 00-925 Warsaw, Al. Niepodległości 208. 2009-12-31. Archived from the original on 2011-11-05. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
- ^ "Tarnobrzeg". Virtual Shtetl. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ a b "Tarnobrzeg Official Website – Partner Cities". (in Polish) © 1999–2008 Urząd Miasta Tarnobrzeg. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ "Banská Bystrica Sister Cities". © 2001–2008. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie". Archived from the original on 2016-11-06. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
External links
- Tarnobrzeg city council
- Tarnobrzeg Forum – City life
- Tarnobrzeg's Jewish Community
- Historical Museum of the City of Tarnobrzeg (polish)