Taxonomy of the Cactaceae

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A collection of cultivated cacti

In 1984, the

Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insights from the molecular studies was produced by Nyffeler and Eggli in 2010.[1]

Overview

The classification of the family Cactaceae remains uncertain as of August 2023[update]. Since the mid-1990s, the system produced by the International Cactaceae Systematics Group (ICSG) of the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study has been used as the basis of many published classifications. Detailed treatments produced in the 21st century have divided the family into around 125–130 genera and 1,400–1,500 species, which are then arranged into a number of tribes and subfamilies.[2][3][4]

The ICSG classification of the family recognizes four subfamilies:

Pereskioideae is not monophyletic although the three other subfamilies are.[4][5] The Bayesian consensus cladogram from a 2005 study is shown below:[5]

Cactaceae

Pereskia Clade A

Pereskia Clade B

Opuntioideae

Maihuenioideae

Cactoideae

Pereskioideae

Five tribes have been recognized within the subfamily

Bayesian tree is shown below (tribes are bold; the number of species in the study is shown in parentheses).[7]

Tephrocacteae
(part)

Pterocacteae

terete‑stemmed opuntioids

Tephrocacteae
(part)

Austrocylindropuntieae

Cylindropuntieae

flat‑stemmed opuntioids

Tunilla (2), Maihueniopsis
(1)

Opuntia (2)

Brasiliopuntia (1), Opuntia (1), Tacinga (2)

Nopalea
(7)

≈
Opuntieae

Many of the genera within the Opuntioideae are not monophyletic. Maihueniopsis is highly polyphyletic, appearing in four separate lineages. The two largest genera within the subfamily, Opuntia and Cylindropuntia are also not monophyletic. The classification of the Opuntioideae is thus uncertain as of March 2012; Griffith and Porter say that changes in classification will require "broad information (of multiple data types) regarding all species of opuntioid cacti".[8]

The ICSG classification divides the subfamily

Calymmantheae, comprises a single genus, Calymmanthium.[2] Of the remaining eight, only two (Cacteae and Rhipsalideae) have been shown to be monophyletic. A summary of the cladograms for the Cactoideae presented in a 2011 paper is shown below (ICSG tribes in bold).[9]

Cactoideae

Blossfeldia

Cacteae

core Cactoideae

Calymmantheae (i.e. Calymmanthium), species of Copiapoa and Frailea

core Cactoideae I

including members of

Browningieae

core Cactoideae II

Rhipsalideae

other core Cactoideae II, including members of

Browningieae

The classification of the Cactaceae thus remains subject to change, from the genus level upwards. In 2016, David Hunt wrote that "the advent of molecular systematic studies in the past two decades will hopefully have a stabilizing effect on classification in due course, but has so far had the opposite effect".[10]

Nyffler and Eggli (2010) classification

In 2010, Nyffler and Eggli produced a classification based on an explicit phylogeny. The broad outlines of their cladogram agree with that of Hern et al. (2011), shown above, although some details are different. Their classification corresponds to the cladogram shown below.[1]

Cactaceae

Pereskia A

Pereskia B

Maihuenia

incertae sedis

Cylindropuntieae

Opuntieae

Blossfeldieae
)

Pereskioideae
Maihuenioideae
Opuntioideae
Cactoideae

The table below shows how the genera recognized by Nyffler and Eggli are placed into their subfamilies and tribes (they also use some subtribes, not shown here). The column headed "Older tribe (if different)" shows the ICSG classification of the subfamily Cactoideae (as presented by Anderson in 2001[11]) with a 2002 classification of the subfamily Opuntioideae.[6][12] There are differences in the genera recognized in the systems; where the older system does not recognize the genus, "–" is shown.

Nyffeller & Eggli (2010) classification[1]
Systematic
order		 Genus Subfamily Tribe Older tribe (if different)[11][6][12]
1 Pereskia Mill. Pereskioideae*
2 Maihuenia (Phil.ex F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum. Maihuenioideae
3.1 Austrocylindropuntia Backeb. Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae Austrocylindropuntieae
3.1 Cumulopuntia F.Ritter (part) Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae Austrocylindropuntieae
3.1 Cylindropuntia (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae
3.1 Grusonia F.Rchb.ex Britton & Rose Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae
3.1 Maihueniopsis Speg. (part) Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae Tephrocacteae
3.1 Pereskiopsis Britton & Rose Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae
3.1 Quiabentia Britton & Rose Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae
3.1 Tephrocactus Lem. Opuntioideae Cylindropuntieae Tephrocacteae
3.2 Brasiliopuntia (K.Schum.) A.Berger Opuntioideae Opuntieae
3.2 Consolea Lem. Opuntioideae Opuntieae
3.2 Miqueliopuntia Fric ex F.Ritter Opuntioideae Opuntieae
3.2 Opuntia Mill. Opuntioideae Opuntieae
3.2 Tacinga Britton & Rose Opuntioideae Opuntieae
3.2
Tunilla
 D.R.Hunt & Iliff		 Opuntioideae Opuntieae
3.3 Cumulopuntia F.Ritter (part) Opuntioideae incertae sedis Austrocylindropuntieae
3.3 Maihueniopsis Speg. (part) Opuntioideae incertae sedis Tephrocacteae
3.3 Pterocactus K.Schum. Opuntioideae incertae sedis Pterocacteae
4.1 Blossfeldia Werderm. Cactoideae Blossfeldieae Notocacteae
4.2 Acharagma (N.P.Taylor) Glass Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Ariocarpus Scheidw. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Astrophytum Lem. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Aztekium Boed. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Coryphantha (Engelm.) Lem. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2
Digitostigma
 Velazco & Nevárez		 Cactoideae Cacteae –
4.2 Echinocactus Link & Otto Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Echinomastus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Epithelantha F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2
Escobaria
 Britton & Rose		 Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Ferocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Geohintonia Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Leuchtenbergia Hook. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Lophophora J.M.Coult. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Mammillaria Haw.
including Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton		 Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Mammilloydia Buxb. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Neolloydia Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Obregonia Fric Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2
Ortegocactus
 Alexander		 Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Pediocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Pelecyphora C.Ehrenb. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Sclerocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Stenocactus (K.Schum.) A.W.Hill Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Strombocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Thelocactus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cacteae
4.2 Turbinicarpus (Backeb.) Buxb.& Backeb. Cactoideae Cacteae
4.3 Acanthocereus (Engelm.ex A.Berger) Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Armatocereus Backeb. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Browningieae
4.3 Austrocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Notocacteae
4.3
Brachycereus
 Britton & Rose		 Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Trichocereeae
4.3
Castellanosia
 Cárdenas		 Cactoideae Phyllocacteae –
4.3 Corryocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3
Dendrocereus
 Britton & Rose		 Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Eulychnia Phil. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Notocacteae
4.3 Jasminocereus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Browningieae
4.3 Leptocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Neoraimondia Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Browningieae
4.3 Pfeiffera Salm-Dyck Cactoideae Phyllocacteae –
4.3 Disocactus Lindl. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Hylocereeae
4.3 Epiphyllum Haw. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Hylocereeae
4.3 Hylocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Hylocereeae
4.3 Pseudorhipsalis Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Hylocereeae
4.3 Selenicereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Hylocereeae
4.3 Weberocereus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Hylocereeae
4.3 Bergerocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3
Carnegiea
 Britton & Rose		 Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Cephalocereus Pfeiff. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Echinocereus Engelm. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Escontria Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3
Isolatocereus
 Backeb.		 Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Myrtillocactus Console Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3
Neobuxbaumia
 Backeb.		 Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Pachycereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Peniocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Polaskia Backeb. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3
Pseudoacanthocereus
 F.Ritter		 Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Stenocereus (A.Berger) Riccob. Cactoideae Phyllocacteae Pachycereeae
4.3 Strophocactus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Phyllocacteae –
4.4 Hatiora Britton & Rose Cactoideae Rhipsalideae
4.4 Lepismium Pfeiff. Cactoideae Rhipsalideae
4.4 Rhipsalis Gaertn. Cactoideae Rhipsalideae
4.4 Schlumbergera Lem. Cactoideae Rhipsalideae
4.5 Eriosyce Phil. Cactoideae Notocacteae
4.5 Neowerdermannia Fric Cactoideae Notocacteae
4.5 Parodia Speg. Cactoideae Notocacteae
4.5
Rimacactus
 Mottram		 Cactoideae Notocacteae –
4.5 Yavia R.Kiesling & Piltz Cactoideae Notocacteae –
4.6 Browningia Cárdenas Cactoideae Cereeae Browningieae
4.6 Gymnocalycium Pfeiff.ex Mittler Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Lasiocereus F.Ritter Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Rebutia K.Schum. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6
Stetsonia
 Britton & Rose		 Cactoideae Cereeae Browningieae
4.6 Uebelmannia Buining Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6
Cintia
 Knize & Ríha		 Cactoideae Cereeae Notocacteae (Cintia)
4.6 Arrojadoa Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Brasilicereus Backeb. Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Cereus Mill. Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Cipocereus F.Ritter Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Coleocephalocereus Backeb. Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Discocactus Pfeiff. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Facheiroa Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Leocereus Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Melocactus Link & Otto Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Micranthocereus Backeb. Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6
Pierrebraunia
 Esteves		 Cactoideae Cereeae –
4.6 Pilosocereus Byles & G.D.Rowley Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Praecereus Buxb. Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6
Stephanocereus
 A.Berger		 Cactoideae Cereeae
4.6 Acanthocalycium Backeb. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Arthrocereus A.Berger Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Borzicactus Riccob. Cactoideae Cereeae –
4.6
Cephalocleistocactus
 F.Ritter		 Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Cleistocactus Lem. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Denmoza Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Echinopsis Zucc. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Espostoa Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Espostoopsis Buxb. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6
Pygmaeocereus
 H.Johnson & Backeb.		 Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Harrisia Britton Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Matucana Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6
Mila
 Britton & Rose		 Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Oreocereus (A.Berger) Riccob. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Oroya Britton & Rose Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Rauhocereus Backeb. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Samaipaticereus Cárdenas Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Vatricania Backeb. Cactoideae Cereeae –
4.6 Weberbauerocereus Backeb. Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.6 Yungasocereus F.Ritter Cactoideae Cereeae Trichocereeae
4.7 Calymmanthium F.Ritter Cactoideae incertae sedis Calymmantheae
4.7 Copiapoa Britton & Rose Cactoideae incertae sedis Notocacteae
4.7 Frailea Britton & Rose Cactoideae incertae sedis Notocacteae

Earlier classification

Unless otherwise indicated, the subfamily placement of the genera listed here is based on Anderson's 2001 presentation of the ICSG classification, as is the tribal placement of the genera of the subfamily Cactoideae.[11] The division of the subfamily Opuntioideae into tribes is additional to the ICSG system.[6][12]

Subfamily
Pereskioideae

Pereskia aculeata
synonyms: Peirescia Zucc. (orth. var.), Peireskia Steud. (orth. var.), Perescia Lem. (orth. var.), Rhodocactus (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth

Subfamily Opuntioideae

Tribe
Austrocylindropuntieae

Tribe
Cylindropuntieae

including Corynopuntia F.M.Knuth, Micropuntia Daston
synonyms: Peireskiopsis Vaupel (orth. var.)

Tribe
Opuntieae

Opuntia ficus-indica
synonyms: Airampoa Fric, Cactodendron
Neck. ex M.Gómez
 (nom. inval.), Salmiopuntia Fric (nom. inval.), Subulatopuntia Fric & Schelle, Tunas Lunell, Weberiopuntia Fric
including Nopalea Salm-Dyck

Tribe
Pterocacteae

Tribe
Tephrocacteae

including Puna R.Kiesling
synonyms: Pseudotephrocactus Fric

Subfamily
Maihuenioideae

Maihuenia poeppigii

Subfamily Cactoideae

Tribe
Browningieae

synonyms: Neocardenasia Backeb.
  • Stetsonia
     Britton & Rose

Tribe Cacteae

synonyms: Anhalonium Lem., Neogomesia Castañeda, Neogomezia Buxb. (orth. var.), Roseocactus A.Berger, Stromatocactus Karw. ex Rümpler (nom. inval.)
Astrophytum myriostigma
synonyms: Astrophyton Lawr. (orth. var.), Maierocactus E.C.Rost
synonyms: Aulacothele Monv. (nom. inval.), Cumarinia Buxb., Glandulifera (Salm-Dyck) Fric, Lepidocoryphantha Backeb., Roseia Fric (nom. inval.)
synonyms: Brittonrosea
Speg.
, Echinofossulocactus Lawr., Homalocephala Britton & Rose
  • Echinomastus Britton & Rose
  • F.A.C.Weber
    ex Britton & Rose – pingpong ball cactus
  • Escobaria
     Britton & Rose – foxtail cactus, pincushion cactus
synonyms: Cochiseia W.H.Earle, Escobesseya Hester, Fobea Fric (nom. inval.), Neobesseya Britton & Rose
synonyms: Bisnaga Orcutt, Brittonia C.A.Armstr. (nom. inval.)
Mammillaria elongata
  • Mammillaria Haw. – fishhook cactus, globe cactus, pincushion cactus, bird's-nest cactus
synonyms: Bartschella Britton & Rose, Cactus
K.Brandegee) Walton, Dolichothele (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Ebnerella Buxb., Haagea Fric, Krainzia Backeb., Lactomammillaria Fric (nom. inval.), Leptocladia Buxb., Leptocladodia Buxb., Mamillaria F.Rchb. (orth. var.), Mamillopsis (E.Morren) F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose, Mammariella Shafer (nom. inval.), Mammilaria Torr. & A.Gray
(orth. var.), Neomammillaria Britton & Rose, Oehmea Buxb., Phellosperma Britton & Rose, Porfiria Boed., Pseudomammillaria Buxb., Solisia Britton & Rose
synonyms: Napina Fric (nom. inval.), Pseudosolisia Y.Itô (nom. inval.)
synonyms: Navajoa Croizat, Pilocanthus B.W.Benson & Backeb.
synonyms: Encephalocarpus A.Berger
Sclerocactus glaucus
synonyms: Ancistrocactus Britton & Rose, Coloradoa
Boissev. & C.Davidson
, Glandulicactus Backeb., Toumeya Britton & Rose
synonyms: Echinofossulocactus Britton & Rose, Efossus Orcutt (orth. var.)
synonyms: Hamatocactus Britton & Rose, Thelomastus Fric (nom. inval.)
synonyms: Gymnocactus Backeb., Normanbokea Kladiwa & Buxb., Rapicactus Buxb. & Oehme

Tribe
Calymmantheae

synonyms: Diploperianthium F.Ritter (nom. inval.)

Tribe Cereeae

synonyms: Digitorebutia Frič & Kreuz. ex Buining, Mediolobivia Backeb.
synonyms: Pierrebraunia Esteves
synonyms: Mirabella F.Ritter, Piptanthocereus (A.Berger) Riccob., Subpilocereus Backeb.
synonyms: Floribunda F.Ritter
synonyms: Buiningia Buxb.
Melocactus matanzanus
synonyms: Cactus Britton & Rose
synonyms: Austrocephalocereus Backeb., Siccobaccatus P.J.Braun & Esteves
  • G. D. Rowley
    – tree cactus
synonyms: Pilocereus K.Schum., Pseudopilocereus Buxb.

Tribe Hylocereeae

synonyms: Aporocactus Lem., Aporocereus
Kreuz. (orth. var.), Bonifazia Standl. & Steyerm., Chiapasia Britton & Rose, Disisocactus Kunze (orth. var.), Disocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), Heliocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose, Lobeira Alexander, Mediocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), Nopalxochia Britton & Rose, Pseudonopalxochia Backeb., Trochilocactus Linding., Wittia K.Schum., Wittiocactus Rauschert
Epiphyllum anguliger
synonyms: Phyllocactus Link, Phyllocereus Miq.
  • Hylocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose – nightblooming cactus
synonyms: Wilmattea Britton & Rose
synonyms: Cryptocereus Alexander, Deamia Britton & Rose, Marniera Backeb., Mediocactus Britton & Rose, Strophocactus Britton & Rose, Strophocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.)
synonyms: Eccremocactus Britton & Rose, Eccremocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), Werckleocereus Britton & Rose

Tribe Notocacteae

synonyms: Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter
Eriosyce esmeraldana
synonyms: Ceratistes Labour. (nom. inval.), Chileniopsis Backeb., Chileocactus Fric (nom. inval.), Chileorebutia Fric (nom. inval.), Chiliorebutia Fric (orth. var.), Delaetia Backeb., Dracocactus Y.Itô (nom. inval.), Euporteria Kreuz. & Buining, Hildmannia Kreuz. & Buining, Horridocactus Backeb., Islaya Backeb., Neochilenia Backeb. ex Dölz, Neoporteria Britton & Rose, Neoporteria Backeb., Neotanahashia Y.Itô, Nichelia Bullock (nom. inval.), Pyrrhocactus (A.Berger) A.W.Hill, Rodentiophila F.Ritter ex Backeb., Thelocephala Y.Itô
synonyms: Philippicereus Backeb.
synonyms: Acanthocephala Backeb., Brasilicactus Backeb., Brasiliparodia F.Ritter, Brasilocactus Fric (nom. inval.), Chrysocactus Y.Itô (nom. inval.), Dactylanthocactus Y.Itô, Eriocactus Backeb., Eriocephala Backeb., Friesia Fric (nom. inval.), Hickenia Britton & Rose, Malacocarpus Salm-Dyck, Microspermia Fric, Neohickenia Fric, Notocactus (K.Schum.) Fric, Sericocactus Y.Itô, Wigginsia D.M.Porter

Tribe
Pachycereeae

synonyms: Dendrocereus Britton & Rose, Monvillea Britton & Rose
synonyms: Bergerocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.)
Carnegiea gigantea
synonyms: Haseltonia Backeb., Neodawsonia Backeb., Pilocereus Lem.
synonym: Corryocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), Erdisia Britton & Rose, Eulychnocactus Backeb. (nom. inval.)
synonyms: Morangaya G.D.Rowley, Wilcoxia Britton & Rose
synonyms: Neoabbottia Britton & Rose
[= Myrtillocactus × Bergerocactus]
synonyms: Myrtillocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.)
Pachycereus pringlei
  • Neobuxbaumia
     Backeb.
synonyms: Pseudomitrocereus Bravo & Buxb., Rooksbya Backeb.
[= Pachycereus × Bergerocactus]
synonyms: Backebergia Bravo, Lemaireocereus Britton & Rose, Lophocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose, Marginatocereus (Backeb.) Backeb., Mitrocereus (Backeb.) Backeb., Pterocereus T.MacDoug. & Miranda
synonyms: Cullmannia Distefano, Neoevansia W.T.Marshall, Nyctocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose
synonyms: Chichipia Backeb. (nom. inval.), Heliabravoa Backeb.
  • Pseudoacanthocereus
     F.Ritter
  • Stenocereus (A.Berger) Riccob.
synonyms: Hertrichocereus Backeb., Isolatocereus Backeb., Isolatocereus (Backeb.) Backeb., Machaerocereus Britton & Rose, Marshallocereus Backeb., Neolemaireocereus Backeb., Rathbunia Britton & Rose, Ritterocereus Backeb.

Tribe Rhipsalideae

Hatiora salicornioides
synonyms: Epiphyllopsis Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Hariota
DC.
, Pseudozygocactus Backeb., Rhipsalidopsis Britton & Rose
synonyms: Acanthorhipsalis (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Acanthorhipsalis Kimnach, Pfeiffera Salm-Dyck
synonyms: Cassytha Mill., Erythrorhipsalis A.Berger, Hariota Adans., Lymanbensonia Kimnach
synonyms: Epiphyllanthus A.Berger, Epiphyllum Pfeiff., Opuntiopsis Knebel (nom. inval.), Zygocactus K.Schum., Zygocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.)

Tribe
Trichocereeae

synonyms: Spinicalycium Fric (nom. inval.)
Cleistocactus
synonyms: Akersia Buining, Bolivicereus Cárdenas, Borzicactella H.Johnson ex F.Ritter, Borzicactus Riccob, Borzicereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), Cephalocleistocactus F.Ritter, Cleistocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.), Clistanthocereus Backeb., Demnosa Fric, Gymnanthocereus Backeb., Hildewintera F.Ritter, Loxanthocereus Backeb., Maritimocereus Akers, Pseudoechinocereus Buining (nom. inval.), Seticereus Backeb., Seticleistocactus Backeb., Winteria F.Ritter, Winterocereus Backeb.
synonyms: Acantholobivia Backeb., Acanthopetalus Y.Itô, Andenea Fric (nom. inval.), Aureilobivia Fric, nom. inval., Chamaecereus Britton & Rose, Chamaelobivia Y. Itô (nom. inval.), Cinnabarinea Fric ex F.Ritter, Echinolobivia Y.Itô (nom. inval.), Echinonyctanthus Lem., Furiolobivia Y.Itô (nom. inval.), Helianthocereus Backeb, Heterolobivia Y.Itô (nom. inval.), Hymenorebulobivia Fric (nom. inval.), Hymenorebutia Fric ex Buining, Leucostele Backeb., Lobirebutia Fric (nom. inval.), Lobivia Britton & Rose, Lobiviopsis Fric (nom. inval.), Megalobivia Y.Itô (nom. inval.), Mesechinopsis Y.Itô, Neolobivia Y.Itô, Pilopsis Y.Itô (nom. inval.), Pseudolobivia (Backeb.) Backeb., Rebulobivia Fric (nom. inval.), Salpingolobivia Y.Itô, Scoparebutia Fric & Kreuz. ex Buining, Setiechinopsis (Backeb.) de Haas, Soehrensia Backeb., Trichocereus (A.Berger) Riccob.
synonyms: Binghamia Britton & Rose, Pseudoespostoa Backeb., Thrixanthocereus Backeb.,
synonyms: Gerocephalus F.Ritter
synonyms: Zehntnerella Britton & Rose
Gymnocalycium moserianum
synonyms: Brachycalycium Backeb.
synonyms: Floresia Krainz & F.Ritter ex Backeb. (nom. inval.), Haageocactus Backeb. (nom. inval.), Lasiocereus F.Ritter, Neobinghamia Backeb., Peruvocereus Akers
[= Haageocereus × Espostoa]
synonyms: Eriocereus (A.Berger) Riccob., Roseocereus Backeb.
synonyms: Eomatucana F.Ritter
synonyms: Arequipa Britton & Rose, Arequipiopsis Kreuz. & Buining, Morawetzia Backeb., Submatucana Backeb.
Rebutia flavistyla
synonyms: Aylostera Speg., Bridgesia Backeb., Cylindrorebutia Fric & Kreuz., Digitorebutia Fric & Kreuz., Echinorebutia Fric (nom. inval.), Eurebutia Fric (nom. inval.), Gymnantha Y.Itô, Mediolobivia Backeb., Mediorebutia Fric (nom. inval.), Neogymnantha Y.Itô, Reicheocactus Backeb., Setirebutia Fric & Kreuz. (nom. inval.), Spegazzinia Backeb., Sulcorebutia Backeb., Weingartia Werderm.
synonyms: Meyenia Backeb.

Notes and references

  1. ^
    S2CID 89650660
  2. ^ a b c Anderson 2001, pp. 99–103
  3. ISBN 978-0-9538134-4-5, cited in Bárcenas, Yesson & Hawkins 2011
  4. ^
    S2CID 83525136
  5. ^
    PMID 21646140
  6. ^ a b c d Wallace, R.S. & Dickie, S.L. (2002), "Systematic implication of chloroplast DNA sequence variation in subfam. Opuntioideae (Cactaceae)", Succulent Plant Research, 6: 9–24, cited in Griffith & Porter 2009
  7. S2CID 85142301
    . Tree based on fig. 1 with tribes from fig. 2.
  8. ^ Griffith & Porter 2009, p. 114
  9. PMID 21613084
  10. ISBN 978-0-9933113-2-1
    , retrieved 2017-03-30
  11. ^ a b c Anderson 2001, pp. 100–103
  12. ^ a b c "Family: Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons. subfam. Opuntioideae", Germplasm Resources Information Network, United States Department of Agriculture, 2004-02-13, archived from the original on 2012-08-25, retrieved 2012-03-26
  13. ^ Bárcenas, Rolando, Héctor M. Hernández, Patricia Hernández-Ledesma, and Luis Manuel Montoya Gómez (2021). Chichimecactus (Cactoideae, Cactaceae), a new genus based on molecular characterisation of highly endangered Strombocactus species. Phytotaxa Vol. 512 No. 3: 27 July 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.512.3.2
  14. ^ Kiesling, R. & Ferrari, O. (2003), "Yavia cryptocarpa – conservation action on a new and interesting cactus", British Cactus and Succulent Journal, 21 (1): 20–25

Bibliography

  • Anderson, Edward F. (2001), The Cactus Family, Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press,
    ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5
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