Telescopium
Constellation | |
57th) | |
Main stars | 2 |
---|---|
Bayer/Flamsteed stars | 13 |
Stars with planets | 0 |
Stars brighter than 3.00m | 0 |
Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly) | 2 |
Brightest star | α Tel (3.49m) |
Messier objects | 0 |
Bordering constellations |
|
Visible at latitudes between +40° and −90°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of August. |
Telescopium is a minor constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, one of twelve named in the 18th century by French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and one of several depicting scientific instruments. Its name is a Latinized form of the Greek word for telescope. Telescopium was later much reduced in size by Francis Baily and Benjamin Gould.
The brightest star in the constellation is
It had been hypothesized in 2020 that Telescopium would also host the first known visible star system with a black hole, QV Telescopii (HR 6819), however observations in 2022 indicated that this is a binary system of two main-sequence stars without a black hole instead.
History
Telescopium was introduced in 1751–52 by
The constellation was known by other names. It was called Tubus Astronomicus in the eighteenth century, during which time three constellations depicting telescopes were recognised—Tubus Herschelii Major between Gemini and Auriga and Tubus Herschelii Minor between Taurus and Orion, both of which had fallen out of use by the nineteenth century.[5] Johann Bode called it the Astronomische Fernrohr in his 1805 Gestirne and kept its size, but later astronomers Francis Baily and Benjamin Gould subsequently shrank its boundaries.[6] The much-reduced constellation lost several brighter stars to neighbouring constellations: Beta Telescopii became Eta Sagittarii, which it had been before Lacaille placed it in Telescopium,[7] Gamma was placed in Scorpius and renamed G Scorpii by Gould,[7] Theta Telescopii reverted to its old appellation of d Ophiuchi,[7] and Sigma Telescopii was placed in Corona Australis. Initially uncatalogued, the latter is now known as HR 6875.[7] The original object Lacaille had named Eta Telescopii—the open cluster Messier 7—was in what is now Scorpius, and Gould used the Bayer designation for a magnitude 5 star, which he felt warranted a letter.[7]
Characteristics
A small constellation, Telescopium is bordered by Sagittarius and Corona Australis to the north, Ara to the west, Pavo to the south, and Indus to the east, cornering on Microscopium to the northeast. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922, is "Tel".[8] The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte in 1930, are defined by a quadrilateral. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 18h 09.1m and 20h 29.5m , while the declination coordinates are between −45.09° and −56.98°.[9] The whole constellation is visible to observers south of latitude 33°N.[10][a]
Features
Stars
Within the constellation's borders, there are 57 stars brighter than or equal to apparent magnitude 6.5.[b][10] With a magnitude of 3.5, Alpha Telescopii is the brightest star in the constellation. It is a blue-white subgiant of spectral type B3IV which lies around 250 light-years away.[12] It is radiating nearly 800 times the Sun's luminosity, and is estimated to be 5.2±0.4 times as massive and have 3.3±0.5 times the Sun's radius.[13] Close by Alpha Telescopii are the two blue-white stars sharing the designation of Delta Telescopii. Delta¹ Telescopii is of spectral type B6IV and apparent magnitude 4.9,[14] while Delta² Telescopii is of spectral type B3III and magnitude 5.1.[15] They form an optical double,[16] as the stars are estimated to be around 710 and 1190 light-years away respectively.[17] The faint (magnitude 12.23) Gliese 754, a red dwarf of spectral type M4.5V, is one of the nearest 100 stars to Earth at 19.3 light-years distant.[18] Its eccentric orbit around the Galaxy indicates that it may have originated in the Milky Way's thick disk.[19]
At least four of the fifteen stars visible to the unaided eye are
While
Although no star systems in Telescopium have confirmed planets, several have been found to have
Deep sky objects
The
The
Occupying an area of around 4
See also
- Telescopium (Chinese astronomy)
- Telescopium Herschelii
Notes
- ^ While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between 33°N and 44°N, stars within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable.[10]
- ^ Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night skies.[11]
- ^ chances of signals being unrelated is around 1 in 10,000.[54]
References
Citations
- ^ a b Ridpath, Star Tales Lacaille.
- ^ a b Wagman 2003, p. 299.
- ^ Wagman 2003, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Ridpath, Star Tales Telescopium.
- ^ Ellis 1997.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 414.
- ^ a b c d e Wagman 2003, p. 300.
- ^ Russell 1922, p. 469.
- ^ IAU, The Constellations, Telescopium.
- ^ a b c Ridpath, Constellations – 2.
- ^ The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale.
- ^ Kaler, Alpha Telescopii.
- ^ Hubrig et al. 2009.
- ^ SIMBAD HR 6934.
- ^ SIMBAD HR 6938.
- ^ a b Ridpath & Tirion 2007, pp. 242–43.
- ^ van Leeuwen 2007.
- ^ SIMBAD LHS 60.
- ^ Innanen & Flynn 2010.
- ^ a b Bagnall 2012, pp. 434–35.
- ^ Gray et al. 2006.
- ^ Liu et al. 2007.
- ^ a b c d e Streicher 2009, pp. 168–71.
- ^ a b c Ferreira 2009, pp. 166–67.
- ^ SIMBAD Epsilon Telescopii.
- ^ a b c McDonald et al. 2012.
- ^ SIMBAD Iota Telescopii.
- ^ SIMBAD HD 169405.
- ^ SIMBAD Kappa Telescopii.
- ^ da Silva et al. 2006.
- ^ AAVSO NSV 12783.
- ^ Pasinetti Fracassini et al. 2001.
- ^ AAVSO RX Telescopii.
- ^ AAVSO BL Telescopii.
- ^ Zsoldos 1994.
- ^ AAVSO RS Telescopii.
- ^ a b Tisserand 2012.
- ^ Pandey 2006.
- ^ Robinson 1975.
- ^ Light Curve Generator.
- ^ Gerke 2006.
- ^ Traulsen 2011.
- ^ a b Smith 2009.
- ^ SIMBAD Eta Telescopii.
- ^ Neuhäuser 2011.
- ^ SIMBAD HD 181327.
- ^ Jenkins 2012.
- ^ Jenkins 2009.
- ^ a b Machacek et al. 2010.
- ^ Toddy et al. 2012, pp. 63–71.
- ^ Bakich 2010, p. 277.
- ^ Gordon 2003.
- ^ Morrell 2008.
- ^ a b galama 1998.
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- Ellis, Edward (1997). "Impressions of Cape skies – April 1995". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 107 (1): 31–33. Bibcode:1997JBAA..107...31E.
- Ferreira, Lucas (2009). "Deepsky Delights: Double Stars in Telescopium". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa. 68 (4): 166–67. ISSN 0024-8266.
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- Gerke, Jill R.; Howell, Steve B.; Walter, Frederick M. (2006). "Polars Changing State: Multiwavelength Long‐Term Photometry and Spectroscopy of QS Telescopii, V834 Centauri, and BL Hydri". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 118 (843): 678–86. S2CID 14857705.
- Gordon, Scott; Koribalski, Bärbel; Jones, Keith (2003). "Australia Telescope Compact Array H I observations of the NGC 6845 galaxy group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 342 (3): 939–50. S2CID 16365486.
- Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample". S2CID 119476992.
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- Innanen, K. A.; Flynn, C. (2010). "The Radial Velocity, Space Motion, and Galactic Orbit of GJ 754". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 104 (6): 223–224. Bibcode:2010JRASC.104..223I.
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- Jenkins, J. S.; Jones, H.R.A.; Goździewski, K.; Migaszewski, C.; Barnes, J. R.; Jones, M. I.; Rojo, P.; Pinfield, D. J.; Day-Jones, A.C.; Hoyer, S. (2009). "First Results From the Calan–Hertfordshire Extrasolar Planet Search: Exoplanets and the Discovery of an Eccentric Brown Dwarf in the Desert". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 398 (2): 911–17. S2CID 1913088.
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- Machacek ME, O'Sullivan E, Randall SW, Jones C, Forman WR (2010). "The Mysterious Merger of NGC 6868 and NGC 6861 in the Telescopium Group". The Astrophysical Journal. 711 (2): 1316–1332. S2CID 119114153.
- McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Boyer, M. L. (2012). "Fundamental Parameters and Infrared Excesses of Hipparcos Stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 427 (1): 343–57. S2CID 118665352.
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- Pandey, Gajendra; Lambert, David L.; Jeffery, C. Simon; Rao, N. Kameswara (2006). "An Analysis of Ultraviolet Spectra of Extreme Helium Stars and New Clues to Their Origins". The Astrophysical Journal. 638 (1): 454–71. S2CID 119359673.
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- ISBN 978-0-691-13556-4.
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- Smith, R.; Churcher, L. J.; Wyatt, M. C.; Moerchen, M. M.; Telesco, C. M. (2009). "Resolved Debris Disc Emission around Eta Telescopii: a Young Solar System or Ongoing Planet Formation?" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 493 (1): 299–308. S2CID 6588381.
- Streicher, Magda (2009). "Deepsky Delights: A Spyglass Telescope". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa. 68 (4): 168–69. ISSN 0024-8266.
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Online sources
- AAVSO. "AAVSO Light Curve Generator". Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- Otero, Sebastian Alberto (31 July 2006). "BL Telescopii". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
- Otero, Sebastian Alberto (13 February 2014). "RS Telescopii". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- Otero, Sebastian Alberto (11 November 2011). "RX Telescopii". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- Admin VSX (3 May 2013). "NSV 12783". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- Bortle, John E. (February 2001). "The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale". Sky & Telescope. Sky Publishing Corporation. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- "Telescopium, constellation boundary". The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- Kaler, Jim. "Alpha Telescopii". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- Ian Ridpath. "Lacaille's Southern Planisphere of 1756". Star Tales. self-published. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- Ian Ridpath. "Constellations – 2". Star Tales. self-published. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
- Ian Ridpath (1988). "Telescopium". Star Tales. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- "Epsilon Telescopii – Star in Double System". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- "Eta Telescopii". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- "HD 169405". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- "HD 181327". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- "HR 6934". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- "HR 6938". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- "Iota Telescopii". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- "Kappa Telescopii". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- "LHS 60 - High Proper Motion Star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- Rivinius, Th.; Baade, D.; Hadrava, P.; Heida, M.; Klement, R. (May 2020). "A naked-eye triple system with a nonaccreting black hole in the inner binary". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 637 (L3): 11. .