Telugu people
Telugu vāru తెలుగు వారు | |
---|---|
Person | Telugu |
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People | Teluguvāru |
Language | Telugu |
Country | Telugu Nāḍu |
Telugu people (
Andhra is an
In the 13th century,
The architecture developed by Andhras in Krishna river valley in early first centuries CE, called the Amaravati School of Art, is regarded as one of the three major styles of ancient Indian art and had a great influence on art in South India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia.[43][44][45] Mahayana, the predominant Buddhist tradition in China, Japan, and Korea and the largest Buddhist denomination in the world, was developed among Telugus in Andhra.[46][47][48]
Telugu is one of six languages designated as a
Etymology
Telugu
Speakers of Telugu refer to it as simply Telugu or Telugoo.[59] Older forms of the name include Teluṅgu and Tenuṅgu.[60] Tenugu is derived from the Proto-Dravidian word *ten ("south")[61] to mean "the people who lived in the south/southern direction". The name Telugu, then, is a result of an "n" to "l" alternation established in Telugu.[62][63]
P. Chenchiah and Bhujanga Rao note that Atharvana Acharya in the 13th century wrote a grammar of Telugu, calling it the Trilinga Śabdānusāsana (or Trilinga Grammar).[64] However, most scholars note that Atharvana's grammar was titled Atharvana Karikavali.[65][66][67][68] Appa Kavi in the 17th century explicitly wrote that Telugu was derived from Trilinga. Scholar Charles P. Brown made a comment that it was a "strange notion" since the predecessors of Appa Kavi had no knowledge of such a derivation.[69]
George Abraham Grierson and other linguists doubt this derivation, holding rather that Telugu was the older term and Trilinga must be the later Sanskritisation of it.[70][71] If so the derivation itself must have been quite ancient because Triglyphum, Trilingum and Modogalingam are attested in ancient Greek sources, the last of which can be interpreted as a Telugu rendition of "Trilinga".[72]
Andhra
Andhra is an
History
Andhra (
Andhra was mentioned in the Sanskrit sources such as
Between 1163 and 1323 the
Telingana, a term referring to the land inhabited by Telugus, was first used during the 14th century CE.
The Telugus achieved independence under Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646). The Qutb Shahi dynasty of the Bahmani Sultanate succeeded that empire. The Qutub Shahis were tolerant of Telugu culture from the early 16th to the end of the 17th centuries.[88]
The arrival of Europeans (the French under the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau and the English under Robert Clive) altered polity of the region . In 1765, Clive and the chief and council at Visakhapatnam obtained the Northern Circars from Mughal emperor Shah Alam. The British achieved supremacy when they defeated Maharaja Vijaya Rama Gajapati Raju of Vizianagaram in 1792.
Andhra's modern foundation was laid in the struggle for Indian independence under
Culture
Language
Telugu is a South-Central
Literature
Telugu has an unbroken and diverse literary tradition of over a thousand years.[51][52] The earliest Telugu literature dates to 11th century CE with Nannaya's Andhra Mahabharatam. The language experienced a golden age under the patronage of the Vijayanagara king-poet Krishnadevaraya.[32]
Performing arts
- Andhra Natyam
- Vilasini Natyam
- Nava Janardhanam
- Perini Sivatandavam
- Oggu Katha
- Burra Katha
- Tholu Bommalata
Architecture
Amaravati School of Art
Amaravati School of Art is an ancient Indian art style that evolved in the region of
Largely because of the maritime trading links of the East Indian coast, the Amaravati school of sculpture had great influence on art in
Kakatiya architecture
Kakatiya era also saw the development of a distinct style of architecture which improved and innovated upon the existing modes.[103] It is a fusion of Dravidian architecture and Nagara Bhumija styles in which sandbox technology is used to construct Vimana—horizontal stepped tower. Most notable examples are the Thousand Pillar Temple in Hanamkonda, Ramappa Temple in Palampet, and Kota Gullu in Ghanpur.[85] Ramappa Temple, also known as the Rudreswara temple, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Mulugu.[104]
Cinema
Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office as well as admissions.[105][57][58] The industry has produced some of India's most expensive and highest-grossing films of all time over the years.
Clothing
- Masculine
- Feminine
- Langa voni (Half sari)
- Pattu pavada
- Cheera (sari)
Festivals
Important festivals celebrated by Telugu people include:
- Bhogi, Makara Sankranti, Kanuma in January. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Maha Sivaratri in February/March. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Ugadi or the Telugu New Year in March/April. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Sri Rama Navamicelebrated in March/April, 9 days after Ugadi. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Ashada masam(July/August). (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Hanuman Jayanti in March/May/June. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Vaikunta Ekadasi in December /January. (The exact date may vary as per Hindu calendar.)
- Varalakshmi Vratam in August. (The exact date may vary as per Hindu calendar.)
- Krishna Janmashtami in August. (The exact date may vary as per Hindu calendar.)
- Vinayaka Chaviti in August. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Bathukamma celebrated for nine days during Durga Navaratri.
- Dasara in September/October. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Ashviyujamonth (falls in September/October in Gregorian calendar). However, the exact date may vary according to the Hindu calendar.
- Deepavali(date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Nagula Chavithi is in October/November. (The exact date may vary as per the Hindu calendar.)
- Christmas, Easter, Ramzan, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Muharram, Vesak are among the minorities.
Population
Distribution
Telugu is the third most common language in India, right behind Bengali. Telugu is predominantly spoken in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, although it’s also the official language of several other states like
Outside
Members of the overseas
Notable Telugu people
See also
- Telugu states
- List of people from Andhra Pradesh
- List of people from Telangana
- Telugu development
- Telugu cuisine
References
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Apparently originating somewhere between the peninsular rivers Godavari and Krishna, homeland of the Dravidian Telugu-speaking peoples whose descendants now live in a state called Andhra, the great Andhra dynasty spread across much of south and central India from the second century BC till the second century AD.
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In precolonial or early-modern South India, Telugu became the cultural language of the south, including the Tamil country, somewhat similar to the overwhelming dominance of French as the cultural language of modern Europe during roughly the same era. Therefore, Telugu predominates in the evolution of Carnatic music, and it is the practice to teach Telugu language in music colleges to those aspiring to become singers.
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Perhaps the most interesting of the south-Indian puppet types for me, however, were the tholu bommalata -- the articulated, leather, shadow puppets -- which are the probable ancestors of Indonesia's wayang.
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The tolu bommalata shadow puppets are found in the Andhra region and may be the origin of the Javanese wayang kulit puppets.
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{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
Bibliography
- Rowland, Benjamin (1967). The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain (3rd ed.). ISBN 0140561021.
- Harle, J.C., The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, ISBN 0300062176
External links
- Media related to Telugu people at Wikimedia Commons