Temple of Augustus, Pula

Coordinates: 44°52′13″N 13°50′30″E / 44.8702°N 13.8418°E / 44.8702; 13.8418
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Temple of Augustus (Pula)
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For other places with the same name, see Temple of Augustus.
Temple of Augustus
Map
44°52′13″N 13°50′30″E / 44.8702°N 13.8418°E / 44.8702; 13.8418
LocationPula, Istria, Croatia
TypeRoman temple
Length17.85 metres (58.6 ft)[1]
Width8.05 metres (26.4 ft)[1]
Height14 metres (46 ft)[2]
Beginning datec. 2 BC
Completion datec. 14 AD
Dedicated toAugustus

The Temple of Augustus (

Maison Carrée in Nîmes, France.[7] These two temples are considered the two best complete Roman monuments outside Italy.[8]

History

The temple was part of a triad consisting of three temples. The Temple of Augustus stood at the left side of the central temple, and the similar temple of the goddess Diana stood on the other side of the main temple. Although the larger central temple has not survived, the whole back side of the Temple of Diana is still clearly visible due to its incorporation into the Communal Palace, built in 1296.

If still in use by the 4th-century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. Under Byzantine rule, the temple was converted into a church, accounting for its survival to modern times, and was later used as a granary.

In the 16th century, Andrea Palladio included the description of the temple in his I quattro libri dell'architettura, a highly influential book on the principles of Classical architecture.

By the late 19th century, the temple stood at the corner of the marketplace of Pula and was partly concealed by houses, "so that the visitor cannot obtain a view till he is close to it."[2]

It was struck by a bomb during an Allied air raid in 1944, almost totally destroying it, but was reconstructed in 1947.[8] It is today used as a lapidarium to display items of Roman sculpture.[9][10]

Dedication

The temple's dedication originally consisted of bronze letters affixed by nails to the stones of the architrave.[11] Only the attachment holes now remain and much of the text has been destroyed over time. However, it consisted of a standard dedication also found on other Augustan temples, which read:

ROMAE · ET · AVGVSTO · CAESARI · DIVI · F · PATRI · PATRIAE[12][11]
To Roma and Augustus Caesar, son of the deity, father of the fatherland
or
In honour of Rome and Augustus Caesar, son of the deified [Julius], father of his country.[11]

This indicates that the temple was originally also co-dedicated to the goddess

deified) Augustus - a title only given to the emperor after his death. This, the title Pater Patriae that was voted to Augustus in 2 BC., and the temple's architectural style, have allowed archaeologists to date the temple to the late Augustan period, prior to Augustus' death in AD 14.[14]

Gallery

  • Back view
    Back view
  • The temple in 2021
    The temple in 2021
  • A 1924 painting by Enrico Fonda
    A 1924 painting by Enrico Fonda
  • An engraving from the 1760s
    An engraving from the 1760s

See also

References

notes
  1. ^ Also known as the Temple of Augustus and Roma[1] or the Temple of Rome and Augustus[3]
references
  1. ^ a b c Džin 2012, p. 389.
  2. ^ a b Lewis 1892, p. 243.
  3. ^ Lewis 1892, p. 241.
  4. ISBN 9781566568081
    . ...including several temples (one of which, the first-century Temple of Augustus, is magnificently preserved)...
  5. ISBN 953-178-097-8
  6. ^ Lewis 1892, pp. 242–243.
  7. ISBN 0-521-09452-6
  8. ^
    ISBN 9781841624532
    .
  9. ISBN 1-903471-79-6
  10. ISBN 1-74059-487-8
  11. ^ a b c Lewis 1892, pp. 241–242.
  12. ^ CIL V, 00018
  13. ISBN 90-04-07105-9
  14. ISBN 0-19-815275-2

Bibliography

External links

Media related to Temple of Roma and Augustus (Pula) at Wikimedia Commons

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