Tempranillo

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the white mutation of this grape variety, see Tempranillo blanco.
Tempranillo
Rioja, Spain
Ribera del Duero, Spain (more)
Notable winesVega Sicilia Bodegas López de Heredia
HazardsRot
VIVC number12350
Ripening Tempranillo grapes
Tempranillo leaf

Tempranillo (also known as Ull de Llebre, Cencibel, Tinto Fino and Tinta del Pais in Spain, Aragonez or Tinta Roriz in Portugal, and several other synonyms elsewhere) is a black

noble grape
. The grape has been planted throughout the globe's wine regions.

In 2015, Tempranillo was the fourth most widely planted wine grape variety worldwide with 232,561 hectares (574,670 acres) under vine, of which 87% was in Spain where it is the most planted red grape variety.

Unlike more

aged for extended periods in oak where the wine easily takes on the flavor of the barrel. Varietal examples of Tempranillo usually exhibit flavors of plum and strawberries.[3]

Tempranillo is an

vineyard soils such as those of the Ribera del Duero region of Spain. In Portugal, where the grape is known as Tinta Roriz and Aragonez, it is blended with others to produce port wine.[3]

History and mutation

In 2012, Tempranillo was discovered to be a natural cross between Albillo Mayor and a forgotten grape variety called Benedicto.[4] Tempranillo used to be thought to be related to the Pinot noir grape. According to legend, Cistercian monks left Pinot noir cuttings at monasteries along their pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. However, ampelographic studies have shown no genetic connection between the cultivars.[5][6]

Spanish cultivation of

Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, that was unearthed in 1972, at Baños de Valdearados.[7]

It is possible that this grape was introduced to the Western Hemisphere by the Spanish Conquistadors in the 17th century, as certain Criolla varieties in Argentina have a closer genetic relationship to Tempranillo than to a small handful of other European varieties against which the Criolla varieties were tested.[8] Despite its apparent fragility, Tempranillo travelled widely during the 20th century and, following much trial and error, has become established throughout the world. In 1905, Frederic Bioletti brought Tempranillo to California where it received a cool reception not only due to the encroaching era of Prohibition, but also because of the grape's dislike of hot, dry climates. It was much later, during the 1980s, that Californian Tempranillo wine production began to flourish, following the establishment of suitably mountainous sites. Production in this area has more than doubled since 1993.[9]

During the 1990s, Tempranillo started experiencing a renaissance in wine production worldwide. This surge began partly as a result of the efforts of a 'new wave' of Spanish growers who showed that it was possible to produce wines of great character and quality in areas outside of the Rioja region. One result of this has been that Tempranillo

Navarra, and Penedès (DO). During the 1990s, growers in Australia and South Africa started significant Tempranillo plantations.[citation needed
]

Viticulture

Tempranillo is a black grape with a thick skin.[1] It grows best at relatively high altitudes, but it also can tolerate a much warmer climate.[10] With regard to Tempranillo's production in various climates, wine expert Oz Clarke notes:

To get elegance and acidity out of Tempranillo, you need a cool climate. But to get high sugar levels and the thick skins that give deep color you need heat. In Spain these two opposites are best reconciled in the

continental climate but high altitude of the Ribera del Duero.[11]

Penedès region, Barcelona Province

In the Ribera del Duero the average July temperature is around 21.4°

continental Mediterranean climates like this.[13]

Pests and diseases are a serious problem for this grape variety, since it has little resistance to either. The grape forms compact, cylindrical bunches of spherical, deep blue-black fruit with a colourless pulp. The leaves are large with five overlapping lobes.[14]

The Tempranillo root absorbs

better source needed
]

Wines

A Tempranillo varietal wine in a glass, showing typically intense purple colouring

Tempranillo wines are ruby red in colour, while

aromas and flavours can include berries, plum, tobacco, vanilla, leather and herb.[16] Often making up as much as 90% of a blend, Tempranillo is less frequently bottled as a single varietal. Being low in both acidity and sugar content, it is most commonly blended with Grenache (known as Garnacha in Spain), Carignan (known as Mazuela in Spain), Graciano, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. Blending the grape with Carignan makes a brighter and more acidic wine.[1] Tempranillo is the major component of the typical Rioja blends and constitutes 90-100% of Ribera del Duero wines.[1] In Australia, Tempranillo is blended with Grenache and Shiraz, also known as Syrah. In Portugal, where it is known as Tinta Roriz, it is a major grape in the production of some Port wines.[17]

Regions

A Reserva level Rioja.

Spain

Spain grows 87% of the world's Tempranillo, and it is Spain's most planted red grape variety with 201,051 hectares (496,810 acres) grown in 2015, accounting for 42% of the red grape plantings, surpassed only by the white grape variety

Penedès, Navarra and Valdepeñas regions.[16]

Tempranillo is known under a number of local synonyms in different regions of Spain: "Cencibel" and "Tinto Fino" are used in several regions, and it is known as "Tinta del País" in

Catalonia
.

Portugal

The grape plays a role in the production of wines in two regions of Portugal, central Alentejo and Douro. In Alentejo Central, it is known as Aragonez and used in red table wine blends of variable quality, while in the Douro, it is known as Tinta Roriz and mainly used in blends to make port wine.[17]

New World production

The original 1993 planting of Tempranillo at Red Willow Vineyard in Washington state.

Tempranillo arrived in California bearing the name Valdepeñas, and it was grown in the Central Valley at the turn of the 20th century. Since the climate of the Central Valley was not ideal for the grape, it was used as a blending grape for jug wine.[1] California has since started to use it for fine wines, particularly in Napa and Monterey. In Texas, the soils of the High Plains and Hill Country have been compared to those of northern Spain. Tempranillo has been well received in Texas and has grown to be considered the state's signature grape.[18][19]

In

Mexico
.

In

Washington state, Tempranillo was one of the varieties pioneered in the state by Red Willow Vineyard in the Yakima Valley AVA with its first commercial planting of the variety in 1993.[23]

Synonyms

Label showing both Tempranillo and the synonym used in Catalonia, Ull de Llebre.

Tempranillo is known by other names in certain regions. These include:

Albillo Negro, Aldepenas, Aragon, Aragones, Aragonez, Aragonez 51, Aragonez da Ferra, Aragonez de Elvas, Araúxa, Arganda, Arinto Tinto, Cencibel, Cencibera, Chinchillana, Chinchillano, Chinchilyano, Cupani, De Por Aca, Escobera, Garnacho Fono, Grenache de Logrono, Jacibera, Jacibiera, Jacivera, Juan Garcia, Negra de Mesa, Negretto, Ojo de Liebre, Olho de Lebre, Pinuela, Sensibel, Tempranilla, Tempranillo de la Rioja, Tempranillo de Perralta, Tempranillo de Rioja, Tempranillo de Rioza, Tempranillo Rioja, Tinta Aragones, Tinta Corriente, Tinta de Madrid, Tinta de Santiago, Tinta de Toro, Tinta do Inacio, Tinta do Pais, Tinta Fina, Tinta Madrid, Tinta Monteira, Tinta Monteiro, Tinta Roris, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Santiago, Tinto Aragon, Tinto Aragonez, Tinto de la Ribera, Tinto de Madrid, Tinto de Rioja, Tinto de Toro, Tinto del Pais, Tinto del Toro, Tinto Fino, Tinto Madrid, Tinto Pais, Tinto Ribiera, Tinto Riojano, Ull de Liebre, Ull de Llebre, Valdepenas, Verdiell, Vid de Aranda.[24]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Manuel, Dennis (25 June 2001). "Tempranillo". Supermarketguru.com. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009.
  2. ^ González-Flores D, Gamero E, Garrido M, Ramírez R, Moreno D, Delgado J, Valdés E, Barriga C, Rodríguez A.B, Paredes S.D. (2012). "Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity increase after the intake of a grape juice cv. Tempranillo stabilized with HHP". Food & Function 3: 34-39. doi:[10.1039/c1fo10146c].
  3. ^
    ISBN 9781905819157
  4. S2CID 97583632
    .
  5. ^ Nesto, Bill (December 2004). "Spain's great indigenous grape variety Tempranillo". Massachusetts Beverage Business. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  6. ^ "Protagonista: La Tempranillo". Federación Española de Asociaciones de Enólogos. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  7. ^ Morales, Manuel (1 January 2012). "Thieves take chisel to Roman mosaic". El Pais (English edition). Madrid: Ediciones El Pais. Archived from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  8. ISSN 0717-3458
    .
  9. ^ Theron, Charl (July 2006). "Is Tempranillo the next superstar of the new wine world?". Wynboer. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  10. JSTOR 4015089
    .
  11. ISBN 978-0-15-100714-1
    .
  12. ISBN 978-1-84000-332-1
    .
  13. ISBN 978-0-19-860990-2
    .
  14. ^ "Wine Grapes of California:Tempranillo" (PDF). University of California at Davis. p. 151.
  15. ^ Hernández, Manuel Ruiz (1999). "Variedad Tempranillo" (in Spanish). www.arrakis.com. Archived from the original on 2000-11-02. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  16. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-860990-2
    .
  17. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84000-943-9
    .
  18. ^ Dupuy, Jessica (15 April 2010), "Texas Wine of the Month: Inwood Estates "Cornelious" Tempranillo, 2007", Texas Monthly, Dallas: Emmis Publishing, archived from the original on 2019-02-03, retrieved 18 April 2012
  19. Imbibe Magazine, Portland, OR, archived from the original
    on 26 May 2012, retrieved 18 April 2012
  20. ^ "Abacela - Homepage".
  21. ^ Lorkin, Yvonne (2 May 2012). "Wine: Toiling behind the Vale". Bay of Plenty Times. Tauranga, New Zealand: APN Holdings. Archived from the original on 2017-03-24. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
  22. ^ Bianco, Cassandra (18 November 2011). "Tempranillos al Mundo reveals winning wines of 2011". Federación Española de Asociaciones de Enólogos. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  23. ISBN 0-520-24869-4
  24. ^ Maul, Erika; Töpfer, Reinhard; Eibach, Rudolf (2007). "Vitis International Variety Catalogue". Siebeldingen, Germany: Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (IRZ). Retrieved 17 May 2012.

External links

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