Tengku Alam Shah
Tengku Alam Shah | |
---|---|
Ali of Johor | |
Mother | Daing Siti |
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Succession dispute
Sultan Ali's third son by Cik Sembuk, Tengku Mahmud was groomed for succession. When the Sultan died in 1877, he nominated Tengku Mahmud to inherit the Kesang territory.
The British on their part, refused to recognise Sultan Ali's will on his son's (Tengku Mahmud) hereditary claims to the Kesang territory. Meanwhile, the chieftains and village headmen in the Kesang territory held their own elections for a new leader, and voted for the Maharaja of Johor, Abu Bakar to take charge of Muar, which the British accepted the outcome of the poll. The Acting Governor of the Straits Settlement, Edward Anson, allowed Abu Bakar to take interim control over the Kesang territory.[10][11]
Tengku Alam and his supporters were extremely unhappy with Maharaja Abu Bakar's intervention over the Kesang territory. A long time of Tengku Alam,
The following January, on 11 January 1879, a few hundred Bugis and Malay supporters proclaimed Tengku Alam with the title of "Sultan Alauddin 'Alam Shah, Sultan of Johor and Pahang" during his marriage ceremony. Tengku Alam's proclamation briefly generated serious concern from Maharaja Abu Bakar and the British government, who feared that Abu Bakar's political position could be a sign of a potential threat to his political position,[5] especially after Tengku Alam had made a public declaration to challenge Abu Bakar for his claims to the Kesang territory.[15] In October, a frustrated Tengku Alam and his supporters launched a civil war in Jementah which was quickly subdued by the British authorities.[16]
Last years and death
Tengku Alam returned to Singapore and lived out his remaining years quietly at Istana Kampong Glam, where he died in 1891.[10] He was recognised as the head of the royal household by his family members, and occasionally handled administrative affairs pertaining to the royal household.[17] Five years after his death, members of the royal family disputed over inheritance rights of Istana Kampong Glam in Court. The Istana was recognised as state property, but the British government (and later the Singapore government) quietly allowed members of the royal household to live in it until the 1990s.[10]
Notes
- ^ Studer, American and British Claims Arbitration: William Webster: Appendix to the Memorial of the United States, Vol. III, pg 358
- ^ Lee, The British as Rulers: Governing Multiracial Singapore, 1867–1914, pg 13
- ^ a b Adil, Sejarah Johor, pg 287
- ^ Lai, Beyond Rituals and Riots: Ethnic Pluralism and Social Cohesion in Singapore, pg 51
- ^ a b Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 131
- ^ Studer, American and British Claims Arbitration: William Webster: Appendix to the Memorial of the United States, Vol. III, pg 313, 320
- ^ Studer, American and British Claims Arbitration: William Webster: Appendix to the Memorial of the United States, Vol. III, pg 351
- ^ a b Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 129
- ^ Ghazali, Istana dan politik Johor, 1835–1885, pg 104
- ^ a b c Lee, The British as Rulers: Governing Multiracial Singapore, 1867–1914, pg 12
- ^ Jayakumar, Public international law cases from Malaysia and Singapore, pg 283
- ^ Parkinson, British intervention in Malaya, 1867–1877, pg 320
- ^ Thio, British Policy in the Malay Peninsula, 1880–1910: The Southern and Central States, pg xxx
- ^ Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 130
- ^ Abdul Wahid, Glimpses of Malaysian history, pg 70
- ^ Ghazali, Istana dan politik Johor, 1835–1885, pg 127
- ^ Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 132
References
- Abdul Wahid, Zainal Abidin bin, Glimpses of Malaysian history, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1970
- Adil, Buyong bin, Sejarah Johor, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1980
- Ali, Abdullah, Malaysian protocol and correct forms of address, Times Books International, 1986, ISBN 9971-65-370-2
- Ghazali, Abdullah Zakaria, Istana dan politik Johor, 1835–1885, Yayasan Penataran Ilmu, 1997, ISBN 983-9851-12-8
- Jayakumar, S., Public international law cases from Malaysia and Singapore, NUS Press, 1974, ISBN 0-8214-0491-1
- Lai, Ah Eng, Beyond Rituals and Riots: Ethnic Pluralism and Social Cohesion in Singapore, Eastern Universities Press, 2004, ISBN 981-210-272-8
- Lee, Edwin, The British as Rulers: Governing Multiracial Singapore, 1867–1914, Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore, 1991, ISBN 9971-69-159-0
- Parkinson, Cyril Northcote, British intervention in Malaya, 1867–1877, University of Malaya Press, 1960
- Studer, Adolph G., American and British Claims Arbitration: William Webster: Appendix to the Memorial of the United States, Vol. III, 1913
- Thio, Eunice, British Policy in the Malay Peninsula, 1880–1910: The Southern and Central States, University of Malaya Press, 1969
- Winstedt, R. O., A History of Johore (1365–1941), (M.B.R.A.S. Reprints, 6.) Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1992, ISBN 983-99614-6-2