Teresita Castillo

Teresita Castillo y Lat (4 July 1927 – 16 November 2016) was a Filipina who said she had Marian visions. Castillo was a Discalced Carmelite postulant in the late 1940s and could not stay in Carmel due to the controversies surrounding the apparitions Lipa, Batangas, Philippines in the year 1948.

An initial investigation report in 1951 was signed by six Filipino bishops and declared the Lipa apparitions as "non-supernatural". Pope Pius XII in 1951 decreed her claims of apparition as both fraudulent and non—supernatural. A re—investigation was made in 1991. In 2015, the apparitions were declared as "supernatural in character and worthy of belief" by the Archbishop of Lipa. In 2016, the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith referred to Pope Pius' decision, which was final.^[1]

Castillo died in November 2016, aged 89.^[2]

Life

Castillo came from an educated and religious family that may have influenced her interest in religious works. She was the youngest of seven children of former Governor of Batangas, Modesto Castillo. At the time of the apparitions, Teresita's father was judge of the Court of Industrial Relations. The Castillos were very influential in Batangas province, Philippines.

Castillo celebrated her 21st birthday by "escaping" early in the morning at five from her father's house without permission to enter the Carmelite convent of Lipa. Teresita's entrance into the Carmel was not well received initially by the family, who tried all means to get her back. Teresita steadfastly refused to return home.^[3]

Marian apparitions (1948)

Castillo, in the reinvestigations of 1991 documents formally submitted to the

The next day, September 13, Monday, again at five in the afternoon, Castillo returned to the place, knelt down and intended to say the Hail Mary. She had only reached the words "full of grace" when again the vine moved. A beautiful lady appeared, a golden rosary hanging on her right hand. The lady's dress was simple and pure white, held at the waist by a narrow cloth belt. Her feet were bare and resting on clouds about two feet above the ground.^[4]

On September 14, Tuesday, the first shower of rose petals took place. Some nuns found fresh rose-petals of exceptional sweetness, strewn around their rooms or outside their doors. Meantime, the prioress,

In her last apparition to Castillo, the Blessed Virgin identified herself: "I am the Mediatrix of all graces"[5] Reportedly, many conversions and healings occurred.

The stress from the investigation resulted in long illness for Castillo, who eventually had to voluntarily leave the convent as she failed to complete the required length of stay for a novice. She later assisted in compiling and transcribing an English-Tagalog dictionary.^[6] The prioress of the convent, Mary Cecilia of Jesus, was sent to another convent.

On 22 January 1951, Auxiliary Bishop Obviar, the spiritual director of Carmel Lipa, was installed as Apostolic Administrator of the new Diocese of Lucena.^[7]

Rejection by the Roman Catholic Church

Initially, permission to venerate Mary under the title of "Our Lady, Mediatrix of all graces" was granted by then Bishop Alfred Versoza. In 1951 the Philippine church hierarchy declared that there was no supernatural intervention in the reported happenings in Lipa. Verzosa's successor, the apostolic administrator Rufino Santos, ordered that no petals be given to anyone by the Lipa Carmelite community and the statue of Our Lady, Mediatrix be withdrawn from public view.^[4]

Verzosa, who allowed the apparitions to be publicized and for the Mediatrix to be venerated, was stripped of all administrative duties, remaining a bishop in name only. Though he had used his family's wealth to rebuild the churches and schools of war-torn Lipa, he was accused of mishandling the war reparations and finances of the diocese. He lived in exile at his Vigan home, reduced to rolling tobacco leaves to augment the family income. In January 2013 Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales, Archbishop Emeritus of Manila, opened the diocesan process of the cause of beatification and canonization of Verzosa.^[8]

In 1992, Archbishop Mariano Gaviola granted permission to once again display the image of Our Lady, Mediatrix of all graces. In November 2009 Gaviola's successor, Archbishop Ramon Arguelles created a commission to conduct a new investigation into the apparitions. In an interview, Arguelles said that the "Mediatrix phenomenon is the greatest thing that has ever happened to the church of Lipa".^[6] He also mentioned the fervor of the faithful of the diocese and "friendly pressure to declare the apparitioins authentic".^[6]

The Carmelite convent in Lipa, the site of the reported apparitions, is the subject of major pilgrimages in the Philippines, one attended by the president of Philippines.^[9]

According to a new decree dated September 12, 2015, Arguellas approved the apparitions as "supernatural in character and worthy of belief" the apparitions to Teresita Castillo.^[10]

However, in May 2016, the