Terrorism in Argentina
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Terrorism in Argentina has occurred since at least the 1970s, especially during the Argentinian Dirty War, where a number of terror acts occurred, with support of both the democratic government of Juan Perón, Isabel Perón and the following de facto government of the National Reorganization Process. In the 1990s, two major terrorist attacks occurred in Buenos Aires, which together caused 115 deaths and left at least 555 injured.[1]
Political terrorism from organizations such as Montoneros and ERP and state sponsored terrorism occurred in the 1970s by radical groups backed by the Argentinian democratic government and, later, by the military government.[2] The government also warned the press to minimise reporting of terrorism.[3]
Terrorist attacks
Battle of La Tablada
The assault on the military
The Argentine president of the time,
1992 Israeli embassy bombing
On 17 March 1992, a suicide bombing attack occurred at the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In the attack, 29 civilians were killed, and 242 additional civilians were injured.[7]
1994 AMIA bombing
On 18 July 1994, a car bombing took place at the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (AMIA; Argentine Israelite Mutual Association) building in Buenos Aires killing 85 people and injuring hundreds.[8][9]
Attacks in 2000s
During the
On 6 June three bombs blast in a series of anti-US propaganda bombings (being affected a
Wave of anarchist attacks (2010–2013)
On 3 February 2010 a branch of
On 19 July 2011 an improvised explosive device blast in front of a Telecom Argentina office in Belgrano, Buenos Aires, causing only material damages and no casualties were reported.[28][29] At the next day the "Comando Revolucionario del Pueblo Mario Roberto Santucho" (CRP-MRS) claimed responsibility for the attack.[30][31]
Between 2011 and 2013, anarchist groups claimed the largest campaign of political violence in recent Argentine history without dead or injured with attacks that reached police patrols, government and bank buildings and private property.[32][33] On 29 November 2011, an improvised explosive device (IED) detonated at the main police station in the Buenos Aires city suburb of Avellaneda. The explosion damaged the building and nearby businesses but caused no injuries. At the scene, police found pamphlets from an anarchist group calling itself the "Eduardo Maria Vazquez Aguirre Anti-Prison Insurgent Cell" (Celula insurrexional antikarcelaria Eduardo María Vázquez Aguirre). Eduardo Maria was a Spanish anarchist who reportedly killed the Chief of the Argentine Police in a 1909 bombing. The pamphlet also stated that the bombing was in retaliation for the deaths of six named individuals shot by Buenos Aires police officers.[34][35][36]
On 21 December 2011 an
On 19 September 2013, a small improvised explosive device detonated in front of the headquarters of the Mutual Help Association of the Argentine National Gendarmerie. Two gendarmes were slightly wounded. Several groups claimed responsibility.[40]
Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche (RAM)
Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche (RAM) is a supposed armed organization based in the Argentine Patagonia, suspected of being an assembly of intelligence services. Its existence is not proven by solid evidence or judicial headquarters. According to the Mapuche communities, the Bishop of Bariloche, politicians and journalists, the RAM does not exist or is a group created by the intelligence services of the Argentine State, in the context of the conflict for the recognition of the rights of indigenous communities over their ancestral lands, opened after the constitutional reform of 1994 (art. 75, inc. 17)[41][42]
November 2018 incidents
In November 2018, two attackers detonated a pipe bomb at La Recoleta Cemetery in Buenos Aires. Police believed the attack was planned against the tomb of Ramón Lorenzo Falcón, former chief of the Argentine Federal Police who ordered the violent repression of an anarchist demonstration in 1909. According to Buenos Aires city security minister Marcelo D'Alessandro, the suspects were "tied to anarchist groups" and used a "quite sophisticated" homemade explosive device. No bystanders were injured in the attack; the female attacker suffered serious injuries, including burns and loss of multiple digits. Thirteen people were arrested in connection with the incident. Police seized materials including fuses, gunpowder, pipes, and nails from an apartment in the San Cristóbal neighborhood.[43][44]
In a separate incident the same day, a man threw an explosive device at the home of federal judge Claudio Bonadio in the Belgrano neighborhood of Buenos Aires. Bonadio was known for leading multiple high-profile cases and investigations, including of former presidents Fernando de la Rúa, Néstor Kirchner, and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Police arrested the suspect and later detonated the device in a controlled explosion.[43]
International terrorism
According to the
Responses and counterterrorism efforts
Following the two bombings in Buenos Aires, national, regional, and local institutions responsible for emergency response in Argentina sought to improve their planning and preparedness for terrorism-related events. The Argentinian Government also introduced legislative measures to help deal with the threat of terrorism.[1]
SIFEM (1996)
In 1996, the Argentinian Government enacted legislation, which launched the Sistema Federal de Emergencias (SIFEM) or Federal Emergency System under the direction of the president.[1]
Argentina's Anti-Terrorism Law (2007)
The Argentinian Congress passed Argentina's Anti-Terrorism Law in 2007, focusing on preventing money laundering for financing terror attacks.[47]
Anti-terror legislation (2011)
On 22 December 2011, the Argentinian Congress approved a package of modifications to existing Argentine law aimed at combating terrorism and financial crime. The changes raised concerns with human rights advocates.[48]
All attacks 1970s–2010s
At least 830 incidents have been recorded, these incidents resulted in the deaths of 540 people and injured over 750.[49][50]
Terrorism in Argentina 1970s–2010s | |||
---|---|---|---|
Decade | Total incidents | Total deaths | Total injuries |
1970s | 332 | 365 | 159 |
1980s | 308 | 47 | 74 |
1990s | 161 | 125 | 513 |
2000s | 11 | 2 | 4 |
2010s | 18 | 3 | 7 |
Total | 830 | 542 | 757 |
Attacks by year
Terrorist Attacks in Argentina by Year | |||
---|---|---|---|
Year | Incidents | Deaths | Injuries |
2016 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2015 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2014 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
2013 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
2012 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
2011 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
2010 | 6 | 2 | 0 |
2009 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2007 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2006 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2005 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
2004 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2003 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
2002 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
2001 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
2000 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
1999 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1998 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1997 | 11 | 3 | 2 |
1996 | 19 | 1 | 12 |
1995 | 16 | 0 | 1 |
1994 | 14 | 86 | 266 |
1993 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1992 | 41 | 33 | 224 |
1991 | 28 | 1 | 7 |
1990 | 31 | 1 | 1 |
1989 | 32 | 25 | 17 |
1988 | 34 | 1 | 16 |
1987 | 80 | 3 | 11 |
1986 | 33 | 2 | 12 |
1985 | 43 | 2 | 10 |
1984 | 46 | 1 | 4 |
1983 | 18 | 1 | 3 |
1982 | 11 | 4 | 0 |
1981 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
1980 | 9 | 8 | 1 |
1979 | 16 | 11 | 12 |
1978 | 24 | 13 | 11 |
1977 | 17 | 6 | 12 |
1976 | 54 | 162 | 90 |
1975 | 38 | 123 | 16 |
1974 | 71 | 21 | 12 |
1973 | 68 | 15 | 4 |
1972 | 16 | 5 | 0 |
1971 | 7 | 5 | 0 |
1970 | 21 | 4 | 2 |
Total | 830 | 542 | 757 |
See also
References
- ^ a b c Muro, Marcelo, Roberto Cohen, Daniel Maffei, Marcelo Ballesteros, and Luis Espinosa. "Terrorism in Argentina." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 02 (2003): 53–56.
- ^ Marchak, Patricia, and William Marchak. God's assassins: state terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s. McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 1999.
- ^ Knudson, Jerry W. "Veil of Silence: The Argentine Press and the Dirty War, 1976–1983." Latin American Perspectives (1997): 93–112.
- ^ The Politics of Human Rights in Argentina: Protest, Change, and Democratization, Alison Brysk, p. 119, Stanford University Press, 1994
- Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Informe Nº 55/97 – Caso 11.137
- ^ Human Rights Watch. 1989 Argentina report
- ^ 1992 Patterns of Global Terrorism: The Year in Review
- ^ Caso AMIA: los fiscales dicen haber identificado al autor del atentado, Clarín 10 November 2005
- ^ Identificaron al terrorista suicida que voló la AMIA, La Nación 10 November 2005
- ^ "Argentina: aumenta el conflicto social". BBC World. 18 December 2001.
- ^ "Ataque contra AR". La Nación.ar. 18 December 2001. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Bomba "lanzapanfletos" destruye frente de banco español en Buenos Aire". La Red21. 9 May 2002. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ "Banco español, blanco de atentado en Argentina". El Universo. 9 May 2002. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Estalló un explosivo en un cajero automático". La Nación.ar. 8 May 2002. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ "Se incendió una sucursal del Banco Francés en Villa Urquiza". La Nación.ar. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ "ATAQUE A LA SUCURSAL DEL BANCO FRANCÉS DE VILLA URQUIZA (In Spanish)". Cedema. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Ataque a la sucursal del Banco Francés de Villa Urquiza (In Spanish)". Cedema. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "Tres bombas caseras en locales de capital norteamericano". Infobae Noticias. 14 October 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
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- ^ "GTD ID:200506060004". Global Terrorism Database. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
- ^ "Explotó un artefacto en un banco de San Miguel". La Nación. 21 December 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "ATAQUE CONTRA DOS SUSCURSALES DEL HSBC". CEDEMA. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^ "Otra bomba casera causó destrozos en un banco". La Nación. 3 August 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ "ATENTADO EXPLOSIVO CONTRA BANCO CIUDAD". Cedema. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ "Bomba en Neuquén: El grupo terrorista chileno responsable, se manifiesta con amenazas". Minuto Neuquen. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Grupo terrorista se adjudicó atentado en el local de LAN de Neuquén". Diario Andino. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Por los Heroes de Monte Chilongo". Cedema. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Bomba y Volantes". Pagina 12. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Bomba incendiaria causa daños en edificio de Telecom de barrio Belgranowork=La Capital". Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Bomba incendiaria causa daños en sede de Telecom en Rosario". Infobae. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Bomba incendiaria en sucursal de Telecom en Rosario". Cedema. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Quemacoches y bombas al Estado: la historia nunca contada de los atentados anarquistas en la Argentina del siglo XXI". Infobae (in Spanish). 15 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
- ^ "Exclusivo: qué dice panfleto de bomba que estalló en comisaría". Ámbito (in spanish). Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "Argentina: Bombaxo komisaria en Avellaneda". Contrainfo (in spanish). 30 November 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "Exclusivo: qué dice panfleto de bomba que estalló en comisaría". Ámbito. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Chapter 2: Country Reports, Western Hemisphere Review. 2011 Incidents." US State Department. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ "Explosión en una concesionaria de autos de Froilán González". Infobae Noticias. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ^ "Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ataque a consecionaria FIAT". Contrainfo. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ^ "Explosión en una concesionaria de San Nicolás: no hubo heridos". Clarín. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ^ "Chapter 2: Country Reports, Western Hemisphere Review. 2013 Incidents." US State Department. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ "Solanas dice que la RAM es una construcción de los servicios de inteligencia argentinos y chilenos". Parlamentario. 27 November 2017.
- ^ "Vocero de mapuches de Cushamen dijo sospechar que la RAM sea obra de servicios de inteligencia". Memoria, Verdad y Justicia. Télam – Agencia Nacional de Noticias. 1 September 2017.
- ^ a b "'Suspected anarchists' carry out two attacks in Buenos Aires; Police arrest 13". Buenos Aires Times. 15 November 2018. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ Bio, Demian (15 November 2018). "12 Detained Following Two Attacks with Explosive Devices in Buenos Aires". The Bubble. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ Argentina – The World Factbook. Accessed 16 August 2018.
- ^ "Argentina designates Hezbollah as terrorist organisation". BBC. 18 July 2019. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ Gillermo Plate and Alfaro-Abogados. "Argentina: Overview On Argentina Anti Money Laundering (AML) And Combating Terrorist Financing (CFT) Situation." Mondaq, 11 November 2008.
- ^ "Anti-Terrorism Law Causes Rights Concerns." The Argentinian Independent, 25 July 2012.
- ^ National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. (2016). Global Terrorism Database (globalterrorismdb_0616dist.xlsx Archived 10 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine). Retrieved from "Global Terrorism Database". Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016. University of Maryland
- ^ National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. (2016). Global Terrorism Database (gtd1993_0616dist.xlsx Archived 10 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine). Retrieved from "Global Terrorism Database". Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016. University of Maryland