Teshik-Tash 1
Uzbek SSR, USSR | |
Date discovered | 1938 |
---|---|
Discovered by | Alexey Okladnikov |
Teshik-Tash 1 is a
The remains were discovered in 1938 by
The site was excavated in five cultural layers of sediment with Mousterian artifacts.[4][5]
Lack of adequate published material on the excavation [6] and the numerous Ibex bones (761) found led to this interpretation being questioned. Paul Mellars, questioning the ritual interpretation suggested that the bones may not have been deliberately placed.[7] Others (e.g., Gargett) believe it is no burial at all.
Date
The remains are not dated. Based on the archaeology, fauna, and
Skull
Reconstruction
The Teshik-Tash skull was reconstructed from 150 bone fragments.[8] The skull was crushed due to the several layers of sediment that lay on top of it.
in | cm | |
---|---|---|
Height | 7.75 | 19.69 |
Width | 5.5 | 19.97 |
Length | 6 | 15.24 |
Controversy
The Teshik-Tash skull’s dental analysis placed the age of the hominid between 8–9 years old at the time of death. The size of the skull was relatively larger than that of a modern child’s skull of the same age. Archaeologists suggested that this was because Neanderthals have a faster rate of growth than modern Homo sapiens adolescences. The skull is larger and taller and exhibited typical Neanderthal traits such as an occipital bun, oval-shaped foramen magnum, shovel-shaped incisors, supraorbital ridge, and the absence of a strong chin.[8] Other midfacial features of the skull such as the lingual of the mandibular foramen were said to be more characteristic of modern humans than Neanderthals. The morphological features of the Teshik-Tash skull lead researchers to question the classification as some argued that it was closer in morphological association with Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens. Statistical analysis of 27 linear measurements placed the Teshik-Tash skull and mandible outside the variation of the Neanderthals and associated it with Upper Paleolithic humans.[8]
DNA analysis
mtDNA analysis was conducted on the Teshik-Tash skull which confirmed that the skull was Neanderthal. Further genetic research concluded that near-eastern Neanderthals were somewhat segregated from northwestern European Neanderthals and early Neanderthals along the Mediterranean. This data is suggested through consistent low levels of gene flow between Neanderthals and modern humans in the Near East.[8]
Significance
Prior to the discovery of the Teshik-Tash skull in 1938, it was thought that Neanderthals had not spread east enough to reach Central Asia. [4]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Teshik-Tash". Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. 2013.
- ISBN 978-0470013151.
- ISBN 0199534047. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
- ^ ISSN 0047-2484, 2008, Volume 55, Issue 2, pp. 223 – 23. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
- ISBN 0-395-13592-3.
- ISBN 978-0495030614.
- ISBN 978-0759110465.
- ^ ISSN 0002-9483, 11/2012, Volume 149, Issue 3, pp. 365 – 379. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
External links
- Media related to Teshik-Tash at Wikimedia Commons