Tetranychus urticae
Tetranychus urticae | |
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A red individual | |
A yellow individual with two black spots | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Trombidiformes |
Family: | Tetranychidae |
Genus: | Tetranychus |
Species: | T. urticae
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Binomial name | |
Tetranychus urticae C. L. Koch, 1836
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Tetranychus urticae (
Distribution
T. urticae was originally native only to Eurasia, but has acquired a cosmopolitan distribution as a common pest in a wide range of agricultural systems.[1]
Description
T. urticae is extremely small, barely visible with the naked eye as reddish, yellow or black spots on plants; the adult females measure about 0.4 mm (0.016 in) long.[2] Adult mites sometimes spin a fine web on and under leaves.[2]
Ecology
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Some T. urticae adults and eggs on the underside of a pepino leaf
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A colony of T. urticae
This spider mite is extremely
T. urticae populations may increase rapidly in hot, dry conditions, expanding to 70 times the original population in as few as six days.[5]
The mite's natural predator,
T. urticae is among the few animals known to synthesise carotenoids. As in aphids and gall midges, the genes for carotene synthesis appear to have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer from a fungus.[6][7][8]
Lifecycle
T. urticae reproduces through arrhenotoky, a form of parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs develop into males.[9]
The
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding is detrimental for fitness in T. urticae.[10] Inbred progeny mature more slowly than outbred progeny, and inbred female progeny have lower reproductive output. T. urticae females apparently are capable of kin recognition and have the ability to avoid inbreeding through mate choice.[10]
Genomics
NCBI genome ID | 2710 |
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Ploidy | haploid (males) / diploid (females) |
Genome size | 90.82 Mb |
Year of completion | 2011 |
The genome of T. urticae was fully sequenced in 2011, and was the first genome sequence from any chelicerate.[11]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-85199-527-4.
- ^ a b c d e f Fasulo TR, Denmark HA (December 2009). "Twospotted spider mite". Featured Creatures. University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
- PMID 22970740.
- ^ Cloyd, Raymond (May 10, 2022). "Insect and Mite Pests Feeding Behaviors and Plant Damage". Greenhouse Product News. 32 (5): 10.
- ^ Hodgson, Erin; Dean, Ashley (2022). "Twospotted Spider Mites". Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
- PMID 21920958.
- ISSN 1055-7903.
- PMID 28674017.
- S2CID 34991579.
- ^ PMID 21400191.
- PMID 22113690.
External links
- MEMS Movie Gallery Archived 2015-07-16 at the microelectromechanical systemstechnology
- Early Signs Of Spider Mites