Teuthonista
Teuthonista is a phonetic transcription system used predominantly for the transcription of (High) German dialects. It is very similar to other Central European transcription systems from the early 20th century. The base characters are mostly based on the Latin alphabet, which can be modified by various diacritics.
History
The name Teuthonista goes back to the Journal Teuthonista, in which the transcription system was presented in 1924/25.[1]
Symbols
Most of the characters derive from the Latin or Greek alphabet, and from earlier systems such as
In Reichel (2003), the basic vowel letters are a e i o u. Vowels are stacked for an intermediate articulation (near-low vowels aͤ and aͦ, high-mid vowels iͤ and oͧ, central vowels uͥ and oͤ). Reduced vowels are ɪ ʊ ə α.
Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Dental | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lenis | β | v | s | š | ꭓ | ꭗ[2] | x |
Fortis | w | ꬵ | ʃ | ʃ̌ |
As in the IPA and
An example of the shades of sound indicated by diacritics is the following scale from near-high to near-low front vowels:
- i᪸ eͥ e̤ e̤᪽ ẹ ẹ᪽ e e᪷᪽ e᪷ e᪸᪽ e᪸ aͤ a̤
Usage
The Teuthonista phonetic transcription system is used by the following projects:
Lexicons
- Badisches Wörterbuch
- Bayerisches Wörterbuch
- Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Österreich
Linguistic atlases
- Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz
- Südwestdeutscher Sprachatlas
- Atlas der historischen deutschen Mundarten auf dem Gebiet der Tschechischen Republik
- Sprachatlas von Oberösterreich
- Vorarlberger Sprachatlas
- Teilprojekte des Bayerischen Sprachatlas
- Sprachatlas von Bayerisch-Schwaben
- Sprachatlas von Mittelfranken
- Sprachatlas von Unterfranken
- Sprachatlas von Niederbayern
- Sprachatlas von Nordostbayern
- Sprachatlas von Oberbayern
See also
- Dania transcription
- Unicode ranges Latin Extended-E, Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement (overscript consonants), Combining Diacritical Marks Extended
References
- ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF).
- ^ ꭗ is sometimes written with the right leg long, rather than the left leg
- ^ With the vowel letters e i o u, the under-dot and hook below mean the vowel is raised or lowered, but with 'a' it means the vowel is fronted or backed. These are similar to the IPA half rings diacritics for raising and lowering used until 1989. Unicode supplies separate code points single and double open marks just for Teuthonista transcription as they look more like hook or small iota than IPA’s left half ring.
Further reading
- Teuchert, Hermann: Lautschrift des Teuthonista. In: Teuthonista. 1 (1924/25), 5.
- Wiesinger, Peter: Das phonetische Transkriptionssystem der Zeitschrift "Teuthonista". Eine Studie zu seiner Entstehung und Anwendbarkeit in der deutschen Dialektologie mit einem Überblick über die Geschichte der phonetischen Transkription im Deutschen bis 1924. In: Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung.' 31. 1964: 1–20.
External links
- Handbuch zum Zeichensatz SMFTeuthonista by Sibylle Reichel, April 2003 at the Wayback Machine (archived July 24, 2004) (in German)
- Comparison of Teuthonista and IPA at the Wayback Machine (archived March 6, 2012) (in German)