Textile industry in India
The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour. The
India is the second largest producer of fibre. The country is the world's largest producer of
History
The archaeological surveys and studies have indicated that the people of
Large quantities of north Indian silks were traded through the
Up until the 18th century,
Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks imported by the Dutch from Asia and marketed it to the world,[20] Bengali silk and cotton textiles were exported in large quantities to Europe, Asia, and Japan,[21] and Bengali muslin textiles from Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as "daka" textiles.[18] Indian textiles dominated the Indian Ocean trade for centuries, were sold in the Atlantic Ocean trade, and had a 38% share of the West African trade in the early 18th century, while Bengal calicos were major force in Europe, and Bengal textiles accounted for 30% of total British trade with Southern Europe in the early 18th century.[15]
In
Cotton
In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw materials, market, transport, labour, moist climate and other factors contributed to localisation. In the early twentieth century, this industry played a huge role in Bombay's economy but soon declined after independence.
India exports yarn to Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, France, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and other countries. India has the second-largest installed capacity of spindles in the world, with 43.13 million spindles (30 March 2011)[25] after China. Although India has a large share in world trade of cotton yarn, its trade in garments is only 4% of the world's total.
India has the largest cotton acreage, with 12,4 million hectares under cultivation, which accounts for around 36 percent of the global total of 34,1 million hectares.[26]
Jute
India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and the third largest exporter after Bangladesh. There were about 80 jute mills in India in 2010–11, most of which are located in West Bengal , mainly along the banks of the Hooghly River, in a narrow belt (98 km long and 3 km wide).
In 2010-2011 the jute industry was supporting 0.37 million workers directly and another 400,000 small and marginal farmers who were engaged in the cultivation of jute.
Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other countries such as Bangladesh , Brazil , Philippines , Egypt and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the rise due to Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In 2005, the National Jute Policy[27] was formulated with the objective of improving quality, increasing productivity and enhancing the yield of the crop.
The main markets for jute are the United States, Canada, Russia, United Kingdom and Australia.
Silk
India is the second largest silk producer (18% of the world's silk production) of world after China (70% of the global silk production and 90% of the world's silk exports). There are mainly four types of silk varieties produced by different species of silkworms namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga, Tropical Tasar and Temperate Tasar.
Ministry of Textile and Industry
In 2000, the
See also
References
- ^ a b "A brief history of Textile Industry in India, January, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2012.
- ^ "Textile Industry in India, Leading Yarn Manufacturers in India". India Brand Equity Foundation. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ "Wearing Apparel Manufacturing Report". AnythingResearch India.
- ^ "Emerging Markets Offer Growth Opportunities for Apparel Retailers Battling Declines in Domestic Consumer Spending".
- ^ Jadhav, Rajendra (7 January 2022). "India's cotton exports begin to slide as premiums jump on lower crop". Reuters. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ "Silk Textile Industry in India, Silk Manufacturers in India". India Brand Equity Foundation. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ SECTORS - Make In India
- ^ "India's textile exports stitch Covid wounds, rise 13 per cent over pre-pandemic level". India Today. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ a b "History of Textile".
- ^ "Cotton Textile Industry in India".
- ^ "404 | Directorate of Ordnance (Coordination and Services) | Government of India".
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: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ "404 | Directorate of Ordnance (Coordination and Services) | Government of India".
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: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ ISBN 978-1-139-49889-0
- ^ a b Jeffrey G. Williamson, David Clingingsmith (August 2005). "India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ^ a b Karl J. Schmidt (2015), An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History, page 100, Routledge
- ^ Angus Maddison (1995), Monitoring the World Economy, 1820-1992, OECD, p. 30
- ^ a b Richard Maxwell Eaton (1996), The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760, page 202, University of California Press
- ^ Marx, Karl. “The British Rule in India.” New York Daily Tribune, 25 June 1853.
- ^ a b Om Prakash, "Empire, Mughal", History of World Trade Since 1450, edited by John J. McCusker, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 237-240, World History in Context, accessed 3 August 2017
- ^ John F. Richards (1995), The Mughal Empire, page 202, Cambridge University Press
- ^ "Weaving misery". 24 June 2016.
- ISBN 978-1-4051-8983-5.
- ^ "Number of Cotton Mills in India" (PDF).
- ^ "Installed capacity" (PDF).
- ^ "Textiles and Garments | Make In India". www.makeinindia.com. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ Government of India, Ministry of Textiles. "National Jute Policy, 2005" (PDF).
Bibliography
- J.Forbes Watson (1866). The Textile Manufactures and the Costumes of the People of India. India Office by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, London.
- Illustrations of the Textile Manufactures of India. Victoria & Albert Museum, London. 1881.
- Albert Buell Lewis (1924). Block Prints from India for Textiles. Field Museum for Natural History, Chicago.