Women in Thailand

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Women in Thailand
A female nurse in Thailand
General Statistics
Maternal mortality (per 100,000)48 (2010)
Women in parliament15.7% (2012)
Women over 25 with secondary education29.0% (2010)
Women in labour force63.8% (2011)
Gender Inequality Index[1]
Value0.333 (2021)
Rank79th out of 191
Global Gender Gap Index[2]
Value0.709 (2022)
Rank79th out of 146
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Venus symbol
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By country
A female vendor
Ethnic woman, northern Thailand

Women in Thailand were among the first women in

right to vote in 1932. They are underrepresented in Thai politics.[3][4] Yingluck Shinawatra, a woman, was prime minister from 2011 to 2014. Factors that affect women's participation in the socio-economic field include "inadequate gender awareness in the policy and planning process" and social stereotyping.[5]

History and Women's movement

During the Ayutthaya period, rural and commoner women enjoyed a large amount of freedom, while noble women lacked any degree of freedom. Historically, foreign travelers to Thailand through the centuries continually remarked on the predominance of women entrepreneurs in the marketplace.[6]

In the 1920s, women where allowed to study at the

Rama VI supported the new class of women (Sao samai) who started to dress in modern fashion and educate and support themselves as independent professionals, and new ideals of women's liberation and equality was voiced by a new women's press such as Satri thai (1926) and Netnari (1932).[7]

The first women's organization was charitable, the first of whom were the

Association for the Promotion of Status of Women (APSW) in 1970, that was called an actual feminist organization.[8]

Politics

Despite the absence of legal limitations to women participating in the political arena in Thailand, the factors that have impeded the rise of women in politics include structural barriers, cultural impediments, lower educational attainments, lower socioeconomic status,

House of Representatives.[3][4]
)

The first female army officer to be elected to political office in Thailand was Lieutenant Colonel Thita Rangsitpol Manitkul, (born Thitiya Rangsitpol, 8 November 1966). She is a Thai politician and former member of the House of Representatives who served in the House from 2001 to 2005.

Business

Thailand's female population constitutes 47% of the country's workforce, the highest percentage of working women in the Asia-Pacific region. However, these women are also confronted by hiring discrimination and gender inequality in relation to wages due to being "concentrated in lower-paying jobs".[5][9]

Marriage

See also:
Thai marriage

According to the

National Statistical Office of Thailand, female Thais marry at an earlier age than male Thais, and 24% of Thai households have women identified as "heads of households".[5]

Thailand outlawed marital rape in 2007.[10][11]

The evolution of women's rights

In Thailand, women's rights according to

Buddhist monastery for education. Education overall for business and careers is lacking in Southeast Asia.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  3. ^ a b Sopchokchai, Orapin. Female Members of Parliament, Women's Political Participation at the National Level Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine, Women's Political Participation in Thailand, TDRI Quarterly Review, Vol. 13, No. 4, December 1998, pp. 11-20
  4. ^ a b Iwanaga, Kazuki. Women in Politics in Thailand Archived 2012-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, Working Paper No. 14, Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University, Sweden, 2005
  5. ^ a b c d e Key Figures, Gender Statistics, Social Statistics Division, National Statistical Office, Bangkok.[not specific enough to verify]
  6. ISBN 978-1-107-19076-4
    .
  7. ^ Posrithong, Natanaree. “The Siamese ‘Modern Girl’ and Women’s Consumer Culture, 1925–35.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, vol. 34, no. 1, 2019, pp. 110–48. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26594526. Accessed 2 Jan. 2023.
  8. ^ Pranee Liamputtong Contemporary Socio-Cultural and Political Perspectives in Thailand
  9. ^ a b Women's rights situation in Thailand[full citation needed]
  10. ^ "Thailand outlaws marital rape". The China Post. Agence France-Presse. 2007-06-22. Archived from the original on 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
  11. ^ "Thailand passes marital rape bill". BBC News. 2007-06-21. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
  12. ISBN 978-87-7694-019-5
    .
  13. ^ Thailand Culture http://www.everyculture.com/SaTh/Thailand.html[permanent dead link]

Further reading

External links

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