The Dixie Hummingbirds
The Dixie Hummingbirds | |
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Background information | |
Origin | Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. |
Genres | Gospel |
Years active | 1928–present |
Labels | Decca, MCA, Peacock |
Members |
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Past members |
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The Dixie Hummingbirds are an influential
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2017) |
1928–1938
The group was formed in 1928 in Greenville, South Carolina, by James B. Davis and his classmate Barney Parks under the name the Sterling High School Quartet. After seeing the success of other quartet groups and realizing that there was not much work for African Americans in the South outside of low-paying labor jobs, the quartet decided to leave school and pursue their dream of being professional spiritual entertainers. By making this move, they had to change the name of the group to cut ties with the school. Davis recalls how they changed their name to the Dixie Hummingbirds:
I figured that was the only bird could fly both backwards and forwards. Since that was how our career seemed to be going [laughs], I figure that was a good name, and the guys went along with it[1]
The Hummingbirds traveled around the South singing spirituals. It was not until 1938 when James Bryant (formerly with the Heavenly Gospel Singers) joined the group that they start to sing Gospel. In September 1939 (Davis disputes the year as being 1938) the Hummingbirds drove to New York using contacts that Bryant had to record with Decca Records.[citation needed]
1938–1939
Bryant abruptly left the group after clashing with it following their return from recording in New York. With engagements picking up, they had to find a replacement and soon heard of Ira Tucker, a young singer from nearby Spartanburg, who became lead singer of the group at the age of 13.[citation needed]
Tucker introduced energetic showmanship – running through the aisles, jumping off stage, falling to his knees in prayer – copied by many quartets that followed. Tucker also took the lead in the stylistic innovations adopted by the group, combining gospel shouting and subtle melismas with the syncopated delivery made popular by the Golden Gate Quartet, as well as adventuresome harmonies, called "trickeration" by the group, in which another member of the group would pick up a note just as Tucker left it off.[citation needed]
1940–1944
As time progressed, the Hummingbirds decided to move up north as part of the Great Migration. The North provided better opportunities and was better in dealing with justice for African Americans. In 1941, the Hummingbirds moved to Washington, D.C., where Davis had an Aunt with whom they could stay. The group would eventually go to Philadelphia, where Barney Parks' father lived. Most importantly, they were promised work from Charlie Newsome, a booking agent they had met in Jacksonville, who had been managing a group called the Royal Harmony Singers.
In 1942, the Hummingbirds would make the move north with James Davis, Barney Parks, Ira Tucker, Wilson Baker and William Henry. Charlie Newsome arranged an audition for the Hummingbirds with
1945–1951
Ira Tucker was asked to leave the Hummingbirds and join the Golden Gate Quartet. He told Davis, who urged him to try them out, which he did for a day and a half before deciding he could stay no longer. Barney Parks had to leave the group due to being drafted. Before he left, he helped find a replacement. He found Beachy Thompson of the Willing Four out of Baltimore, who at the time recently opened for the Hummingbirds at their anniversary program. The Hummingbirds signed to Regis Records, which changed its name to Manor Records, owned by Irving Berman, in 1945.[1] In 1946, The Hummingbirds signed a record deal with Apollo Records, a growing New York Based label. Apollo Records also signed Mahalia Jackson.[1]
1952–1959
The Hummingbirds had signed and recorded with Gotham and Okeh Records. They recorded for both labels and did not have any hits from either label. They continued to tour heavily. The Hummingbirds decided that they needed a new label. They went out to Texas the sign and record with Peacock Records under Don Robey.[1]
These recordings proved successful and the Hummingbirds were back in the Billboard charts. Around this time, the Hummingbirds asked Howard Carroll to be a part of the group, replacing Paul Owens.[1] Carroll did not do much singing; he preferred to play the guitar.[citation needed]
1960–1976
The group sang the backup vocals on
William Bobo died On April 28, 1976 from Heart Disease.[2]
1977–present
James Davis retired In 1984, with Joe Williams(Formerly of The Sons Of The Birds) replacing him.[3]
Beachy Thompson died on June 28, 1994.[4]
Guitarist Lyndon Baines Jones joined in 2000.[5][6]
Carlton Lewis III joined in the 2003, and then sometime after he left but then returned when Ira Tucker got ill.[7]
In 2003, the Hummingbirds were the subject of an award-winning book about their 75-year career span, Great God A'Mighty! The Dixie Hummingbirds: Celebrating the Rise of Soul Gospel Music by
Produced and directed by award-winning filmmaker Jeff Scheftel, and executive produced by
Barney Parks died on February 24, 2007.[9]
Ira Tucker Sr. died due to complications from heart disease on the morning of June 24, 2008, at the age of 83. The group continued with the lineup of William Bright, Lyndon Baines Jones, Carlton Lewis III, Torrey Nettles and Cornell McKnight, thereby preserving the legacy left by the original members.
Twin brothers Troy & Roy Smith joined in 2015/2016.[5]
William Bright died on February 4, 2017.[10]
Howard Carroll died on October 17, 2017, at age 92 at an assisted living center in
Enoch Webster died on November 27, 2020.[12]
Lyndon Baines Jones died on February 17, 2021.[13]
Abraham Rice died on November 26, 2022.[14]
Awards and honors
The Dixie Hummingbirds are recipients of a 2000 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States' highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.[15]
Grammy history
The Dixie Hummingbirds Grammy Awards History[16] | |||||
Year | Category | Title | Genre | Label | Result |
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2007 | Best Traditional Gospel Album | Still Keeping It Real | Gospel | MCG | Nominated |
2000 | Best Traditional Gospel Album | Music In The Air | Gospel | House Of Blues | Nominated |
1994 | Best Traditional Gospel Album | In Good Health | Gospel | Atlanta International | Nominated |
1973 | Best Soul Gospel Performance | "Loves Me Like a Rock" | Gospel | MCG | Won |
Grammy Hall of Fame
Recordings inducted into the
Grammy Hall of Fame
| |||||
Year Recorded | Title | Artist | Genre | Label | Year Inducted |
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1946 | "Amazing Grace" | The Dixie Hummingbirds | Gospel (Single) | Apollo | 2000 |
Inductions
Year Inducted | Title |
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2007 | Christian Music Hall of Fame and Museum |
2000 | Vocal Group Hall of Fame |
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Zolten, Jerry (2003). Great God A'Mighty! The Dixie Hummingbirds (Celebrating the Rise of Soul Gospel Music). Oxford University Press. pp. 114, 126, 139, 207, 221.
- ^ "William Bobo". Discogs. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Lear, Len (October 2, 2020). "Mt. Airy minister/singer confronted racism in Deep South". The Chestnut Hill Local. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ "Beachey Thompson". Discogs. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ a b "Gospel Roots: Dixie Hummingbirds in concert". YouTube. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
- ^ DHB Podcast Episode #1, retrieved October 22, 2023
- ^ "Carlton Lewis: Dixie Hummingbirds [The Raw Spill - Sept 13, 2022]". YouTube. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
- ^ Scheftel, Jeff (2008). The Dixie Hummingbirds: Eighty Years Young. Oliver Entertainment.
- ^ "RIP Barney Parks of Dixie Hummingbirds and Sensational Nightingales". Journal of Gospel Music. March 4, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Report, Tribune Staff (February 10, 2017). "William Bright, 77, member of the Dixie Hummingbirds". The Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
- ^ "Howard Carroll". Billboard. Associated Press. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ^ "Enoch Webster Obituary". www.tributearchive.com. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ "Obituary for Mr. Lyndon B. Jones at J.W. Williams Funeral Home, Inc". www.jwwilliams.com. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
- ^ "Obituary information for Abraham Rice, Sr". www.lenwoodjonesfuneralhome.com. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
- ^ "NEA National Heritage Fellowships 2000". www.arts.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ "Dixie Hummingbirds, artist". www.grammy.com. Recording Academy. 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
- ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame, Alphabetical by Title". www.grammy.com. Recording Academy. 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
Further reading
- Boyer, Horace Clarence (1995). How Sweet the Sound: The Golden Age of Gospel. Washington, D.C.: Elliott and Clark. OCLC 33254672.
- OCLC 37476562.
External links
- 'The Dixie Hummingbirds' at Vocal Group Hall of Fame website
- Recording of Dixie Hummingbirds performing "Jesus is Coming Soon" in Orlando in 1985, made available free for public use by the State Archives of Florida