The Little Mermaid (franchise)
The Little Mermaid | |
---|---|
Created by | |
Original work | The Little Mermaid (1989) |
Owner | The Walt Disney Company |
Years | 1989–present |
Based on | The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen |
Films and television | |
Film(s) |
|
Animated series |
|
Television special(s) | The Little Mermaid Live! (2019) |
Direct-to-video | |
Theatrical presentations | |
Musical(s) | The Little Mermaid (2007) |
Games | |
Video game(s) |
|
Audio | |
Soundtrack(s) |
|
Original music | |
Miscellaneous | |
Theme park attraction(s) |
|
The Little Mermaid is a Disney media franchise. The success of the 1989 animated film of the same name. led to a direct-to-video sequel, a prequel film, a spin-off television series, a musical, several video games, theme park attractions, and other merchandise. A live action remake of the film was released in 2023. The Little Mermaid paved the way for what would become the Disney Renaissance, with the original film becoming the first film of that era.
Development
History
The Little Mermaid was originally planned as part of one of Walt Disney's earliest feature films, a proposed package film featuring vignettes of Hans Christian Andersen tales.[1] Development started soon after Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in the late 1930s, but was put on hold due to various circumstances.
In 1985, The Great Mouse Detective co-director Ron Clements discovered a collection of Andersen's fairy tales while browsing a bookstore. He presented a two-page draft of a movie based on "The Little Mermaid" to CEO Michael Eisner and Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg at a "gong show" idea suggestion meeting. Eisner and Katzenberg passed the project over, because at that time the studio was in development on a sequel to their live-action mermaid comedy Splash (1984) and felt The Little Mermaid would be too similar a project.[2] The next day, however, Walt Disney Studios chairman Katzenberg greenlit the idea for possible development. While in production in the 1980s, the staff found, by chance, original story and visual development work done by Kay Nielsen for Disney's proposed 1930s Anderson feature.[1] Many of the changes made by the staff in the 1930s to Hans Christian Andersen's original story were coincidentally the same as the changes made by Disney writers in the 1980s.[2] That year, Clements and Great Mouse Detective co-director John Musker expanded the two-page idea into a 20-page rough script, eliminating the role of the mermaid's grandmother and expanding the roles of the Merman King and the sea witch.
Music
In 1987, songwriter Howard Ashman became involved with the writing and development of Mermaid after he was asked to contribute a song to Oliver & Company. He proposed changing the minor character Clarence, the English-butler crab, to a Jamaican Rastafarian crab and shifting the music style throughout the film to reflect this. At the same time, Katzenberg, Clements, Musker, and Ashman revised the story format to make Mermaid a musical with a Broadway-style story structure, with the song sequences serving as the tentpoles of the film.[1] Ashman and composer Alan Menken, both noted for their work as the writers of the successful Off-Broadway stage musical Little Shop of Horrors,[3] teamed up to compose the entire song score.
The first film's soundtrack,
Apart from the soundtrack, The Little Mermaid has inspired several more albums.
Common elements
Plot and themes
Triton and his daughters notice a change in Ariel, who is openly lovesick. Triton questions Sebastian about Ariel's behavior, during which Sebastian accidentally reveals the incident with Eric. Triton furiously confronts Ariel in her grotto, using his trident to destroy her collection of human treasures. After Triton leaves, a pair of eels, Flotsam and Jetsam, convince a crying Ariel that she must visit Ursula the sea witch, if she wants all of her dreams to come true. Ursula makes a deal with Ariel to transform her into a human for three days. Within these three days, Ariel must receive the 'kiss of true love' from Eric; otherwise, she will transform back into a mermaid on the third day and belong to Ursula. As payment for legs, Ariel has to give up her voice, which Ursula takes by magically removing the energy from Ariel's vocal cords and storing it in a
Eric and Max find Ariel on the beach. He initially suspects that she is the one who saved his life, but when he learns that she cannot speak, he discards that notion. Nonetheless, Ariel spends time with Eric, and at the end of the second day, they almost kiss but are thwarted by Flotsam and Jetsam. Angered at their narrow escape, Ursula takes the disguise of a beautiful young woman named "Vanessa" and appears onshore singing with Ariel's voice. Eric recognizes the song and, in her disguise, Vanessa/Ursula casts a hypnotic enchantment on Eric to make him forget about Ariel. The next day, Ariel finds out that Eric will be married to the disguised Ursula on a ship. She cries and is left behind when the wedding barge departs. Scuttle discovers that Vanessa is Ursula in disguise, and informs Ariel. As Ariel and Flounder chase the wedding barge, Sebastian informs Triton, and Scuttle is assigned to literally "stall the wedding." With the help of various animals, the nautilus shell around Ursula's neck is broken, restoring Ariel's voice and breaking Ursula's enchantment over Eric. Realizing that Ariel was the girl who saved his life, Eric rushes to kiss her, but the sun sets and Ariel transforms back into a mermaid. Ursula reverts to her true form and kidnaps Ariel.
Triton appears and confronts Ursula, but cannot destroy Ursula's contract with Ariel. Triton chooses to sacrifice himself for his daughter, and is transformed into a polyp. Ursula takes Triton's crown and trident, which was her plan from the beginning. Ursula uses her new power to gloat, transforming into a giant, and forming a whirlpool that disturbs several
The plot of
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning is set before the events of the original film, in which King Triton has banned music from Atlantica, and Ariel, her sisters, Sebastian and Flounder rebel against this new law while a greedy palace official, Marina Del Rey, seeks to claim Sebastian's position for herself.
Cast and characters
This section includes characters who will appear or have appeared in more than two films in the series.
- An empty, dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's official presence has not yet been confirmed.
- V indicates a voice-only role.
- D indicates an appearance as a character's disguised voice.
- S indicates an appearance as a character's singing voice.
Characters | Films | Television series | Video game | Live-action film | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Little Mermaid | The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea | The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning |
The Little Mermaid | Ariel | Ariel's Undersea Adventure | The Little Mermaid | |||
Season 1 | Season 2 | Season 3 | |||||||
Princess Ariel | Jodi Benson | Mykal-Michelle Harris | Jodi Benson | Halle Bailey | |||||
Sebastian[a]
|
Samuel E. Wright | Character is mute | Daveed Diggs | ||||||
King Triton | Kenneth Mars | Jim Cummings | Kenneth Mars | Taye Diggs | Javier Bardem | ||||
Flounder | Jason Marin | Cam Clarke | Parker Goris | Edan Gross | Bradley Pierce | Gracen Newton | Parker Goris | Jacob Tremblay | |
Prince Eric | Christopher Daniel Barnes | Rob Paulsen | Jeff Bennett | Jeff Bennett | Jonah Hauer-King | ||||
Ursula | Pat Carroll
|
Painting | Pat Carroll | Amber Riley | Character is mute | Melissa McCarthy | |||
Jodi BensonD | Jessica AlexanderD | ||||||||
Scuttle | Buddy Hackett | Silent cameo | Maurice LaMarche | Awkwafina | |||||
Grimsby | Ben Wright | Kay E. Kuter | Kay E. Kuter | Art Malik | |||||
Chef Louis | René Auberjonois | René Auberjonois | |||||||
Carlotta | Edie McClurg | Martina Laird | |||||||
Max | Animal sounds only | Animal sounds only | Animal sounds only | Gary and Edna | |||||
Flotsam and Jetsam | Paddi Edwards | Paddi Edwards | Characters are mute | ||||||
Alana | Kimmy Robertson | Jennifer Hale | Kimmy Robertson | Simone Ashley | |||||
Arista | Grey DeLisle | Mary Kay Bergman | Character is mute | Kajsa Mohammar | |||||
Adella | Silent cameo | Tara Strong | Sherry Lynn | Nathalie Sorrell | |||||
Andrina | Cathy Cavadini | Lorena Andrea | |||||||
Attina | Caroline Vasicek | Kari Wahlgren | Kath Soucie | Karolina Conchet | |||||
Aquata | Grey DeLisle | Mona Marshall | Character is mute | Sienna King | |||||
Seahorse Herald | Will Ryan | Unspecified voice actor | Charlie Adler | ||||||
Princess Melody | Tara Strong | ||||||||
Morgana | Pat Carroll | ||||||||
Tip | Max Casella | ||||||||
Dash | Stephen Furst | ||||||||
Undertow | Clancy Brown | ||||||||
Marina Del Ray | Sally Field | ||||||||
Benjamin | Jeff Bennett | ||||||||
Ray-Ray | Kevin Michael Richardson | ||||||||
Cheeks | |||||||||
Ink Spot | Rob Paulsen | ||||||||
Shelbow | Jim Cummings | ||||||||
Swifty | Rob Paulsen | ||||||||
Queen Athena | Lorelei Hill Butters | ||||||||
Andrea RobinsonS | |||||||||
Swordfish Guards | Jeff Bennett | ||||||||
Urchin | Danny Cooksey | ||||||||
Evil Manta | Tim Curry | ||||||||
Moray | Dave Coulier | ||||||||
Dudley | |||||||||
Emperor Sharga | Jim Cummings | Jim Cummings | |||||||
Spot | Frank Welker | ||||||||
Lobster Mobster | Joe Alaskey | ||||||||
Da Shrimp | David Lander | ||||||||
Gabriella | Character is mute, uses sign language | ||||||||
Ollie | Whitby Hertford |
Crew
Occupation | Film | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
The Little Mermaid | The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea |
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning |
The Little Mermaid | |
Director(s) | John Musker Ron Clements |
Jim Kammerud Brian Smith Bill Speers |
Peggy Holmes | Rob Marshall |
Producer(s) | Howard Ashman John Musker |
Leslie Hough David Lovegren
|
Kendra Halland | Marc Platt Lin-Manuel Miranda John DeLuca Rob Marshall |
Writer(s) | John Musker Ron Clements |
Elizabeth Anderson Temple Mathews Elise D'Haene Eddie Guzelian |
Robert Reece Evan Spiliotopoulos Jule Selbo Jenny Wingfield |
David Magee Jane Goldman |
Composer(s) | Alan Menken | Danny Troob | James Dooley | Alan Menken |
Editor(s) | Mark Hester | — | John Royer | Wyatt Smith |
Animated feature films
The Little Mermaid
The Little Mermaid is the original film of the franchise. It was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, and was released to theaters on November 17, 1989, by Walt Disney Pictures. It was directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and produced by Musker and Howard Ashman. The film was a critical and commercial success. The Little Mermaid belongs to an era known as the Disney Renaissance.[6] It is based on Hans Christian Andersen's 1837 fairy tale of the same name. In 2022, The Little Mermaid was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[7]
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea is a direct-to-video sequel to the first film. It was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on VHS in the United States on September 19, 2000. It was directed by Jim Kammerud and Brian Smith, and produced by Leslie Hough and David Lovegren. In 2006, the film was bundled together with the original film in the Region 2 release. The original DVD release has been discontinued. A special edition DVD with a deleted song, "Gonna Get My Wish", and a new game was released on December 16, 2008. Unlike its predecessor, The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea received generally negative reviews from critics, with the criticism reserved for the film being a repetition of the first film.
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning is a direct-to-video prequel to the original film. The film was released on Region 1 DVD in the United States on August 26, 2008, and on Region 2 DVD in Europe on September 22, 2008. It was directed by Peggy Holmes and produced by Kendra Halland. The film contains special features including deleted scenes, a production featurette hosted by the director, games and activities, and a featurette hosted by Sierra Boggess about the Broadway musical. The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning received mixed reviews, with praise given to the animation quality, but the film's music and new villain, Marina Del Rey, were criticized for being inferior to those found in the original film.
Live-action remake
In May 2016,
Halle Bailey was cast in the starring role as Ariel,[12] and Jonah Hauer-King was cast as Prince Eric.[13] Javier Bardem plays her father King Triton,[14] while Melissa McCarthy, Jacob Tremblay, and Nora "Awkwafina" Lum portray Ursula, Flounder, and a gender-swapped Scuttle, respectively.[15][16]
Principal photography was originally scheduled to begin in April 2020, but production on the film was temporarily halted in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[17][18][19][20] Filming was expected to begin as early as July or August 2020.[21] Ultimately filming had finally begun by the end of January 2021, at Pinewood Studios in Iver, England.[22] Additional filming took place in Sardinia for a total of "roughly three months" in the summer of 2021.[23] Filming was completed on July 11, 2021.[24] The film was released on May 26, 2023.[25]
Television
The Little Mermaid TV series
Disney's The Little Mermaid is an animated television series featuring the adventures of
Sebastian shorts
A series of shorts starring
The Little Mermaid Live!
On May 16, 2017,
Ariel
At the 2023
Stage musical
A pre-Broadway stage version premiered in September 2007 in
The show closed on Broadway August 30, 2009, after 685 performances and 50 previews.[38]
Video games
There are several video games based on the films, and the characters have made appearances in other crossover video games.
The Little Mermaid video game
The Little Mermaid the video game was developed by
There are some differences between the NES and the Game Boy versions. When a stage begins, Ariel descends from the top of the screen to the recommended starting point in the NES version, but just starts out in the recommended position in the Game Boy version. The featured SFX are different in both versions. The start of the stage's BGM can be heard only once in the NES version; although the whole BGM can be repeated in the Game Boy version. The stage backgrounds were more restricted in the Game Boy version than in the NES version. When you lose a heart, the heart turns into a heart frame in the NES version, but disappears in the Game Boy version. The key scales of the Boss BGM are different in both versions. The BGM speed in the NES version is much faster than in the Game Boy version.
Ariel the Little Mermaid
Ariel the Little Mermaid is a video game published by
The Little Mermaid Pinball
The Little Mermaid Pinball is based on
The Little Mermaid: Magic in Two Kingdoms
The Little Mermaid: Magic in Two Kingdoms, by
Ariel's Story Studio Create, Learn and Play In A Living World
It's an animated storybook that was released on November 25, 1997. It's a PC game and it's an interactive storybook where you can create your own story and allows the player to create their own little story through words and pictures.
The Little Mermaid 2: Pinball Frenzy
The Little Mermaid 2: Pinball Frenzy is based on
Disney's The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure
Disney's The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure was released on the Nintendo DS on October 2, 2006.[citation needed]
Kingdom Hearts series
Characters and the setting from the first film appear in Disney/Square's Kingdom Hearts series of video games. Atlantica appears as a world in Kingdom Hearts, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories and Kingdom Hearts II, where Ariel appears as a party member in the first game, while Ursula is the boss in the world and one of the members of Maleficent's inner circle. Other characters from the film also make appearances. Ursula returns as a boss in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance, while Ariel returns as a character to summon in Kingdom Hearts III.
Ariel's Musical Surprise
Ariel's Musical Surprise, was released on iOS and published by Disney Mobile Studios on October 10, 2013.
The Little Mermaid: Undersea Treasures
The Little Mermaid: Undersea Treasures, a
Disney Magic Kingdoms
In the world builder video game Disney Magic Kingdoms, Eric's castle appear as part of the environment. A limited time Event based on The Little Mermaid introduced Ariel, Prince Eric, Flounder, Sebastian, Scuttle, King Triton and Ursula as playable characters, as well as Atlantica, Ariel's Grotto, Ursula's Lair and Under the Sea as attractions.[43] In the game, the characters are involved in new storylines that serve as a continuation of The Little Mermaid (ignoring other material in the franchise).
Disney Mirrorverse
The video game Disney Mirrorverse includes an alternate version of Ariel from the 1989 film[44] and another of the King Triton from the 2023 film.[45]
Disney Dreamlight Valley
Ariel, Eric, and Ursula appear as villagers of the titular valley of the video game Disney Dreamlight Valley.
Disney Speedstorm
Ariel, Eric, Ursula, Triton, and a map based on Atlantica are expected to appear in the sixth season of the kart racing game Disney Speedstorm on February 8, 2024.[46]
Other media
Several attractions based on The Little Mermaid have been released.
Ariel is part of the
Many characters from the franchise appear in the television series
Ariel appears in Sofia the First: The Floating Palace, a television special that was aired as part of the series Sofia the First and released on Region 1 DVD on November 24, 2013.
The Disney Wish cruise ship of the Disney Cruise Line has a live show adaptation of the film that premiered in 2022.[48][49]
Printed adaptations
Disney Comics released a four-issue "The Little Mermaid Limited Series" comic series and two issues of "Sebastian from The Little Mermaid" comics in 1992. Marvel Comics released its own title, "Disney's The Little Mermaid" in 1994, which ran for twelve issues. All the comics are prequels to the film, and feature Ariel still a mermaid living under the sea.
A series of twelve prequel novels were published in 1994, following the adventures of young Ariel living under the sea with her sisters and father. The titles are: "Green-Eyed Pearl" and "Nefazia Visits the Palace" by Suzanne Weyn; "Reflections of Arsulu" and "The Same Old Song" by Marilyn Kaye; "Arista's New Boyfriend" and "Ariel the Spy" by M. J. Carr; "King Triton, Beware!", "The Haunted Palace" and "The Boyfriend Mix-Up" by Katherine Applegate; "The Practical-Joke War" by Stephanie St. Pierre; "The Dolphins of Coral Cove" by K. S. Rodriguez; and "Alana's Secret Friend" by Jess Christopher. Also published in 1994 is "Tales from Under the Sea", an illustrated book containing 22 stories and poems about the characters from the film.
In 2009
A series of books based on the 2023
Notes
- ^ Full name is revealed in the first film to be "Horatio Thelonious Ignacious Crustaceous Sebastian"
References
- ^ a b c (2006) Audio Commentary by John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken Bonus material from The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.
- ^ a b (2006) Treasures Untold: The Making of Disney's 'The Little Mermaid [Documentary featurette]. Bonus material from The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition DVD. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.
- ^ Hahn, Don (2009). Waking Sleeping Beauty (Documentary film). Burbank, California: Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
- ^ 10 Essential Disney & Pixar Soundtracks Archived October 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Referenced July 27, 2010
- ^ "'The Little Mermaid' Legacy Collection Soundtrack Details". FilmMusicReporter. October 8, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
- ^ "Disney: Notes on the end of the Disney Renaissance". decentfilms.com. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
- ^ Bahr, Sarah (December 14, 2022). "'The Little Mermaid' and 'Iron Man' Join National Film Registry". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
- ^ Jaafer, Ali (May 25, 2016). "Disney Mulling Live-Action Version Of 'The Little Mermaid'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
- ^ Snetiker, Marc (August 16, 2016). "Lin-Manuel Miranda, Alan Menken team up for live-action Little Mermaid". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
- ^ Weintraub, Steve (December 21, 2018). "Rob Marshall on Why He Signed an Overall Deal at Walt Disney Studios". Collider. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- ^ "'Little Mermaid' Live-Action Director Rob Marshall Shares Production Update (Exclusive)". Entertainment Tonight. January 3, 2018. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (July 3, 2019). "Disney's Live-Action 'Little Mermaid' Casts Halle Bailey as Ariel". Variety. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 12, 2019). "'Little Mermaid': Jonah Hauer-King Wins Role Of Prince Eric". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- ^ N'Duka, Amanda (July 17, 2019). "Javier Bardem In Talks For Disney's 'The Little Mermaid' Remake". Deadline. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (June 28, 2019). "Melissa McCarthy in Talks to Play Ursula in Live-Action 'Little Mermaid' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
- ^ Kit, Borys (July 1, 2019). "Jacob Tremblay, Awkwafina in Talks for Disney's Live-Action 'Little Mermaid'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
- ^ Geisinger, Gabriella (July 2, 2019). "The Little Mermaid cast: These stars in talks for the Disney remake - who will be in it?". Daily Express. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 13, 2020). "Disney Pausing Production On Features 'Little Mermaid', 'Home Alone', 'Nightmare Alley' & More Until Coronavirus Calms Down". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ Kay, Jeremy (March 13, 2020). "London shoot on 'The Little Mermaid', other Disney live-action productions on hold". Screen International. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ Kit, Borys; Couch, Aaron. "Disney Suspends Film Production Amid Coronavirus Concerns". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ Jirak, Jamie (May 31, 2020). "Fantastic Beasts Sequel and The Little Mermaid Can Restart Production Thanks to New UK Bill". Comicbook.com. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
- ^ Dick, Jeremy (January 31, 2021). "Disney's The Little Mermaid Remake Has Officially Started Filming". Movieweb.com. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ Vivarelli, Nick (April 6, 2021). "Disney's Live Action 'Little Mermaid' Set to Shoot in Sardinia". Variety. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
The shoot will be moving from London's Pinewood Studios to the small seaside village of Santa Teresa di Gallura
- ^ Kylie Hemmert (July 12, 2021). "Little Mermaid: Halle Bailey Announces Filming Has Wrapped on Live-Action Movie". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ Kit, Borys (September 10, 2021). "Disney's Live-Action 'The Little Mermaid' to Open on Memorial Day Weekend in 2023". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
- ^ Stanhope, Kate (May 16, 2017). "ABC Slates 'Little Mermaid' and Rolling Stone Live Musicals". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ^ Levin, Gary (August 3, 2017). "ABC drops plans for 'Little Mermaid' musical". USA Today. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ Bentley, Jean (August 5, 2019). "Little Mermaid' Live Starring Auli'i Cravalho Set at ABC". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- ^ Petski, Denise (September 25, 2019). "John Stamos & Graham Phillips Join 'The Little Mermaid Live!' On ABC". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- ^ White, Peter (August 5, 2019). "'Little Mermaid' Live Musical: Auli'i Cravalho, Shaggy & Hamish Hamilton Go Under The Sea To Describe ABC's "Interesting Hybrid" – TCA". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- ^ Otterson, Joe (August 5, 2019). "'Little Mermaid' Set as ABC Live Musical, Auli'i Cravalho to Star". Variety. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- ^ Low, Elaine (August 6, 2019). "ABC Chief: 'Little Mermaid' Live Musical Will Be Disney Plus Launchpad". Variety. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- ^ Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2019). "'The Little Mermaid' Live Event A Go On ABC With Auli'i Cravalho As Ariel, Queen Latifah & Shaggy Co-Starring". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
The Wonderful World of Disney Presents The Little Mermaid Live!, featuring a mix of live action, animation and puppetry, aired Nov. 5 to mark the film's 30th anniversary.
- ^ Coffey, Kelly (November 2, 2019). "Jodi Benson, original voice of Ariel, to appear in ABC's "The Little Mermaid Live!"". Inside the Magic. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
- ^ Campione, Katie (June 13, 2023). "Disney Greenlights 'Disney Junior's Ariel' Animated Series Inspired By 'The Little Mermaid'". Deadline. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
- ^ Disney Junior's Ariel
- ^ "Playbill News: Mermaid Will Resume Nov. 29 and Will Officially Flip Her Fins Jan. 10". Playbill.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ Jones, Kenneth.Davy Jones' Locker: Broadway's Little Mermaid to End Aug. 30; National Tour Planned," Archived January 4, 2013, at archive.today playbill.com, June 30, 2009
- ^ http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-the-little-mermaid The Little Mermaid (NES game)
- ^ "Walt Disney internet group signs distribution agreement with Macrovision".
- ^ "Disney The Little Mermaid Undersea Treasures". Window Store. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
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- ^ "Ariel - Disney Mirrorverse". Kabam.
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- ^ Barker, Sammy (30 January 2024). "Dive into Free PS5, PS4 Racer Disney Speedstorm's Little Mermaid Season Soon". Push Square. Gamer Network. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ "House of Mouse Cast of Characters". WhatsIts Galore. Retrieved August 5, 2008.
- ^ "Disney Cruise Line Official Website - Onboard Activities - The Little Mermaid". Disney Cruise Line. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
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- ISBN 978-1484724057.
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- The Mary Sue. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
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