The Marvelettes

The Marvelettes
The Marvelettes in a 1963 promotional photo. Clockwise from top left: Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson, Georgeanna Tillman, and Wanda Young
Background information
Also known as	The Casinyets, the Marvels, the Darnells
Origin	Inkster, Michigan, U.S.
Genres	R&B rock and roll doo-wop pop soul
Years active	1960–1970
Labels	Tamla
Past members	Gladys Horton Katherine Anderson Georgeanna Tillman Wanda Young Juanita Cowart[1] Ann Bogan Georgia Dobbins

The Marvelettes were an American girl group that achieved popularity in the early to mid-1960s. They consisted of schoolmates Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson, Georgeanna Tillman, Juanita Cowart (now Cowart Motley), and Georgia Dobbins, who was replaced by Wanda Young prior to the group signing their first deal. They were the first successful act of Motown Records after the Miracles and its first significantly successful female group after the release of the 1961 number-one single, "Please Mr. Postman", one of the first number-one singles recorded by an all-female vocal group and the first by a Motown recording act.^[2]

Nevertheless, they managed a major comeback in 1966 with "

History

Origins and initial success

The group that would become the Marvelettes formed at Inkster High School in Inkster, Michigan, a suburb located west of Detroit, Michigan by fifteen-year-old glee club member Gladys Horton in the fall of 1960.^[3][2] Horton enlisted older glee club members Katherine Anderson, Georgeanna Tillman, Juanita Cowart, and a high school graduate Georgia Dobbins (May 5, 1942 – September 18, 2020)^[4] to join her.^[5] The members struggled to come up with a name for their new act until one of the members jokingly took a stab at their own singing abilities, saying "we can't sing yet." Horton altered the saying to "the Casinyets".

In 1961, the quintet, now called the Marvels, entered a talent show contest on the behest of their teacher and ended up finishing in fourth place. Though only the first three winners were offered a trip to audition for the fledgling Motown label, two of the girls' schoolteachers advised that they be allowed to audition too.^[2] Upon auditioning for Motown executives including Brian Holland and Robert Bateman, they had a second audition with bigger staff including Smokey Robinson and the label president and founder, Berry Gordy, who while impressed with their vocal styles advised them to come back with their own composition.^[3] Returning to Inkster, Georgia Dobbins contacted a local musician named William Garrett, who had an unfinished blues composition titled "Please Mr. Postman"; Garrett allowed Dobbins to use it as long as he received songwriting credit if the song became a hit. Despite having no previous songwriting experience, Dobbins took the song home and reshaped it overnight to reflect the teenage sound of doo-wop.^[6]

Prior to returning to Motown, Dobbins left the group due to her growing family and her father, who advised her not to continue her career in show business. Dobbins' departure left Horton in full charge of the group. To replace her, Horton asked another Inkster graduate, Wanda Young, to replace Dobbins. When the group returned and performed their composition, Gordy agreed to work with the group but under the advice that they change their name. Gordy renamed them the Marvelettes and signed the act to Motown's Tamla division in July 1961.^[3] The following month, the group recorded "Please Mr. Postman", which was polished by Brian Holland, Robert Bateman and Freddie Gorman, another songwriting partner of Holland (before Holland became part of the Holland–Dozier–Holland team), who moonlighted as a mailman,^[2] as well as the song "So Long Baby", sung by Wanda.^[3] Tamla issued "Please Mr. Postman" on August 21, 1961.^[7] The song then climbed to the top of the singles chart, reaching number one that December. making them the first Motown act to have a chart-topper on the Hot 100.^[3]

To follow up on this success, Motown had the group record "Twistin' Postman" to take advantage of the twist dance craze and the re-release of Chubby Checker's "The Twist".^[3] The song eventually peaked at number 34 on the pop chart in early 1962. Before the end of 1961, Tamla issued the first Marvelettes album, also named Please Mr. Postman, but it failed to chart.^[3] The group's next single, "Playboy",^[3] marked the second time one of their singles was written by a band member, this time by Gladys Horton. Like "Postman", the song was retooled by other writers and upon its release in early 1962, reached number 7. A fourth hit, "Beechwood 4-5789",^[3] co-written by Marvin Gaye, reached number 17. During 1962, two more albums would be issued by the band including Smash Hits of '62 (later issued as The Marvelettes Sing) and Playboy. Following the success of "Beechwood", R&B radio stations also frequently played the single's flip side, "Someday, Someway", which paid off sending the song to number 8 on the R&B chart; their first double-sided hit.

Due to their success, the group had to leave school in order to perform and despite the promise of tutors to help with their schooling, they were never granted any. Due to their young ages and Horton being an orphaned ward of the courts, they eventually were taken in by

Wanda Rogers, who had suffered from a number of personal problems for some time, became unreliable and difficult to work with. Concert scheduling was difficult as she sometimes failed to turn up for performances. In 1970, Rogers recorded songs for a solo album, produced by Smokey Robinson and including covers of earlier Motown recordings, which Motown decided to market as The Return of The Marvelettes.^[3] As this album featured no other Marvelettes, original member Katherine Anderson refused to participate in appearing on the cover of the album due to what she felt was Motown's disrespect towards her and the group. The album was only a modest hit, reaching number 50 on the R&B albums chart and featured no charted hit singles. Following this, the group disbanded with Katherine Anderson settling briefly as a staff writer for Motown.^[3] After Motown moved to Los Angeles in 1972, Anderson and Rogers left the business altogether, returning to Michigan with Anderson settling in her hometown of Inkster while Rogers moved to Southfield, Michigan. Meanwhile, Gladys Horton had moved to Los Angeles where she raised her three sons.

Later years

In January 1980, former Marvelette and original member Georgeanna Tillman died from complications of lupus, in her mother's house in Inkster, at the age of 36. Shortly afterwards, several of the former members filed suit against Motown, complaining of not receiving any royalties from their work.^[10] In 1989, Gladys Horton tried to reunite the original Marvelettes after being offered a contract with Motorcity Records.^[3] Wanda Young was the only other Marvelette to agree to sing on the recording. Following this, Horton continued to perform, sometimes as "Gladys Horton of the Marvelettes". Due to a legal disagreement with Larry Marshak, who bought the Marvelettes' name from Motown after the label lost rights to the name, Horton would fight for years to retain ownership of the name.^[11] Marshak had several groups billing themselves as "the Marvelettes", but the women who portrayed themselves as the Marvelettes were much younger than the original line-up, and had not recorded on any of the Marvelettes' original Motown hits.^[12]

By 2006, thanks to the efforts of former

Georgia Dobbins died of cardiac arrest in Inkster on September 18, 2020, at age 78.[4] Wanda Rogers was living in Westland, Michigan, with her daughter until her death from COPD on December 15, 2021, at age 78. Katherine Anderson died of heart failure on September 20, 2023, at age 79.^[15][16]As of 2024, Juanita Cowart Motley is the only surviving original member of the group.

Legacy

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In 2005, the group was awarded two Gold plaques for their biggest hits, "Please Mr. Postman" and "Don't Mess with Bill" after the RIAA had certified the singles as million-sellers. The following year, Horton appeared on the PBS concert special, My Music: Salute to Early Motown, along with other Motown stars from the label's early years. Some of the group's recordings were later sampled for songs by rap musicians, most notably Jay-Z's song, "Poppin' Tags", sampled the group's 1970 cover of Smokey Robinson's composition, "After All", from his 2002 album, The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse.

In 1995, they were honored with the "Pioneer Award" at the Rhythm & Blues Foundation. In 2004, the group was inducted to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. In 2006, Marc Taylor issued the biography, The Original Marvelettes: Motown's Mystery Girl Group. The group's story had been documented several years before in Goldmine magazine from a 1984 article.

In 2007, the Marvelettes were voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.^[17]

In 2009, as part of Motown's 50th Anniversary celebrations, a new limited-edition triple-CD set on the group entitled The Marvelettes: Forever – The Complete Motown Albums Vol. 1 was released. This featured the group's first six albums, some of which had never been released on CD. The Marvelettes: Forever More – The Complete Motown Albums Vol. 2, which included their later albums and bonus material, was released in 2011. Their often covered million selling #1 hit "Please Mr Postman" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2011.^[18]

The Marvelettes were nominated for 2013 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. They became eligible for induction in 1987. Although they did not garner enough votes for induction, they made the ballot a second time for induction in the year 2015.^[19]

On August 17, 2013 the Marvelettes were inducted into the

Members

• Gladys Catherine Horton (May 30, 1945, Gainesville, Florida – January 26, 2011) - lead vocals (1960–1967)
• Wanda LaFaye Young Rogers (August 9, 1943, Inkster, Michigan – December 15, 2021) - lead vocals (1961–1971)
• Katherine Elaine Anderson Schaffner (January 16, 1944, Ann Arbor, Michigan – September 20, 2023)^[16] - vocals (1960–1969)
• Georgeanna Marie Tillman Gordon (February 6, 1944, Inkster, Michigan – January 6, 1980) - vocals (1960–1965)
• Ann Victoria Bogan (March 17, 1941,
  Cleveland, Ohio
  ) - lead vocals (1967–1969)
• Juanita L. Cowart Motley (born Wyanetta Cowart, January 8, 1944, Rockport, Mississippi) - vocals (1960–1963)
• Georgia Dobbins Davis (May 5, 1942, Carthage, Arkansas – September 18, 2020) - lead vocals (1960–1961)

Discography

Albums

Singles

(*There was no Billboard R&B Singles Chart from November 1963 to January 1965. The R&B chart numbers from that period come from Cash Box magazine, a Billboard competitor at the time.)

Awards and recognition

• 1995: The Rhythm & Blues Pioneer Award (Rhythm & Blues Foundation).
• 2004: Inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.
• 2005: RIAA-certified half million-selling Gold records for "Please Mr. Postman" and "Don't Mess with Bill".
• 2013: Nominated for induction into the
  Rock & Roll Hall of Fame
  .
• 2013: Inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Hall Of Fame.

References