The Negro Soldier
| The Negro Soldier | |
|---|---|
 Film poster | |
| Directed by | Stuart Heisler |
| Written by | Carlton Moss |
| Produced by | Frank Capra United States Department of War |
| Starring | Carlton Moss Norman Ford Bertha Woolford George Washington Carver Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Jesse Owens |
| Cinematography | CPO Alan Q. Thompson Capt. Horace Woodard Lt. Paul C. Vogel |
| Music by | Albert Glasser Calvin Jackson Howard Jackson Earl Robinson Dimitri Tiomkin |
| Distributed by | War Activities Committee of the Motion Pictures Industry |
Release date |
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Running time | 43 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
The Negro Soldier is a 1944 documentary film created by the United States Army during World War II.[1] It was produced by Frank Capra as a follow-up to his successful film series Why We Fight. The army used the film as propaganda to convince black Americans to enlist in the army and fight in the war. Most people regarded the film very highly, some going as far as to say that The Negro Soldier was "one of the finest things that ever happened to America".[1] Due to both high reviews and great cinematography, The Negro Soldier proved to be a breakout film influencing army members and civilians of all races. In 2011, it was chosen to be preserved in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.
History
During World War II, Nazi Germany threatened to take over Europe, North Africa and the Near East. The United States Army was looking for men to enlist. Although the U.S. Army was officially committed to practicing segregation, they turned to African American manpower. Social scientists of the time argued that the mass media were the best method of instilling a message within people and pushing them to act towards a common goal.[1]
The Army selected
The film began shooting in 1943. The movie crew traveled the United States, visiting over 19 army posts. The final movie was 43 minutes long and received official support in 1944. At first, The Negro Soldier was intended for only African-American troops; however, the creators of the film decided that they wanted to distribute the film to a wider military and civil audience. Nobody was certain what the impact of the film would have on viewers, and many people feared that African-Americans would have a negative response to the film. However, when the first African-American troops saw the film, they insisted that all African-American troops should see it. Furthermore, after both African-Americans and whites were surveyed about their response to the film, the filmmakers were shocked when over 80% of the white population thought the film should be shown to both black and white troops, as well as white civilians.[1]
Eventually, replacement centers all over the United States required their troops to watch The Negro Soldier. Almost all black soldiers and airmen saw the film, and many white soldiers watched the film during orientation programs. Although the film had been made solely for a military audience, Capra and the rest of the film crew wanted to distribute the film commercially all over the United States as well. Many people gave the film great reviews and praised the film very highly; however, the film did not do well commercially as shown in theatres. The 43-minute length of the film made it awkward to show alongside typical films of the time that were longer than one hour. All the while, a filmmaker named Jack Goldberg was suing Capra and The Negro Soldier because he believed that the film “competed unfairly” with his own film that dealt with the same race issues.[1] Although Goldberg ended up losing this lawsuit, The Negro Soldier was never successful in theaters.
Summary
The Negro Soldier opens in a large,
Moss then begins to recall all of the examples of African-American heroism over the history of America. For example, Moss mentions Crispus Attucks being the first to die in the Boston Massacre. These scenes from different battles and different time periods over United States history are proof that America truly owes its national freedom to all of its peoples, including the African-American population. Moss goes on to mention that a statue had been built in order to commemorate all colored soldiers with the engraving, “lasting record shall be made of their unselfish devotion to duty”. Unfortunately, Moss claims, the Nazis went on to destroy the monuments in France that were devoted to African-American soldiers from World War I. Furthermore, in reference to America, Moss says “men of every faith, color, and town have helped to nourish it”. Moss keeps stressing the fact that African-Americans played a crucial role in building the United States and making the country what it is today.
The film then shifts gears, as a woman from the congregation, a Mrs. Bronson, stands up to talk about her son, who has recently joined the army. She reads a letter from him, where he tells how he has learned how to make a bed, played sports, met a girl at a dance, and trained on the battlefield. The film shows images of Mrs. Bronson's son going through training and all of the different events that he writes about in his letter. The head officials in the army are shown telling all of the soldiers that there are now three times as many colored men in the army than there were previously. This section of the film stresses the notion that men of all colors and backgrounds have come together to fight on the battlefield for the common purpose of defeating the Nazis. All men, colored or white, know the meaning of their job and are determined to work together in order to fight against evil. The common man who has previously been known as a farmer, carpenter, tailor, or any other common folk job is now a part of the United States Army and ready to do his share in the fight. The Negro Soldier flashes different scenes of the brutal warfare taking place that need to be dealt with. The final scene of the movie shows the entire black congregation standing up and singing, as soldiers march towards the fight.
Influence
The Negro Soldier influenced later African-American films and its viewers in different ways. The film played a considerable part in altering the types of roles that African-Americans received in following films. For example, instead of showing blacks only as slaves or subservients, this film showed African-Americans as lawyers, musicians, athletes, and other valued professions. In different movies during this time period, African-Americans were often portrayed as humorous characters. However, after The Negro Soldier, African-Americans played more respectable and prominent roles in films.
Furthermore, people came to realize how important and influential a tool films were for social change. Messages within films, if expressed the correct way, could influence audiences greatly. The message within The Negro Soldier solidified the notion and provided visual proof that racial equality was a justified concept and should be accepted. African-Americans around the country were very pleased with this film.[citation needed]
However, more recent analysis of the film takes a more critical look, stating that while this film and The Negro Sailor "acknowledged African Americans' contributions to America's military history, by overlooking the persistence of racial segregation in the armed forced, they implied that the black struggle for civil rights was complete."[3]
Legacy
In December 2011, The Negro Soldier was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.[4] The Registry said the film "showcased the contributions of blacks to American society and their heroism in the nation’s wars, portraying them in a dignified, realistic, and far less stereotypical manner than they had been depicted in previous Hollywood films."[4]
See also
References
- ^ JSTOR 2712429.
- ^ a b "The Negro Soldier". AFI Catalog. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ^ African Americans and the Pacific War, 1941–1945: Race, Nationality, and the Fight for Freedom by Chris Dixon, Cambridge University Press, 2018, page 9.
- ^ a b "2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates". Library of Congress. December 28, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
External links
- The Negro Soldier on YouTube
- The Negro Soldier at IMDb
- The Negro Soldier is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
- The Negro Soldier at PublicDomainFlicks
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