The Rocky Horror Picture Show
The Rocky Horror Picture Show | |
---|---|
Directed by | Jim Sharman |
Screenplay by |
|
Based on | The Rocky Horror Show by Richard O'Brien |
Produced by | |
Starring | |
Cinematography | Peter Suschitzky |
Edited by | Graeme Clifford |
Music by |
|
Production company | 20th Century-Fox |
Release dates |
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Running time | 100 minutes[1][2] |
Countries | |
Language | English |
Budget | $1.4 million[4] |
Box office | $170 million[5][needs update] |
The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975
The story centres on a young engaged couple whose car breaks down in the rain near a castle, where they search for help. The castle is occupied by strangers in elaborate costumes celebrating. They discover the head of the house is Dr. Frank N. Furter, an apparently
The film was shot in the United Kingdom at
Initial reception was extremely negative, but it soon became a hit as a
Still in
Plot
The film begins with a pair of floating disembodied lips welcoming the audience to a
In November 1974, following the wedding of their friends, a naïve young couple, Brad Majors and Janet Weiss, get engaged and decide to celebrate with their high school science teacher Dr. Scott, who taught the class where they first met ("Dammit Janet"). En route to Scott's house on a dark and rainy night, they get lost with a flat tire. Seeking a telephone to call for help, the couple walks to a nearby castle ("Over at the Frankenstein Place") where a party is being held. They are accepted in by the strangely dressed inhabitants, led by the butler Riff Raff, the maid Magenta, and a groupie named Columbia, who dance to "The Time Warp". Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite mad scientist, introduces himself and invites them to stay for the night ("Sweet Transvestite").
With the help of Riff Raff, Frank brings to life a tall, muscular, handsome blond man named Rocky ("The Sword of Damocles"). As Frank vows he can improve Rocky into an ideal man in a week ("I Can Make You a Man"), a head-bandaged motorcyclist named Eddie breaks out of a deep freeze ("Hot Patootie – Bless My Soul"). Frank kills Eddie with an ice axe, justifying it as a "
Brad and Janet are shown to separate bedrooms, where each is visited and seduced by Frank. Meanwhile, Riff Raff and Magenta torment Rocky, who flees the suite. Janet, having learned of Brad's dalliance with Frank, discovers Rocky cowering in his birth tank. While tending to his wounds, Janet seduces Rocky as Magenta and Columbia watch from their bedroom monitor ("Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me").
Dr. Scott, now a government investigator of
After dressing the statues in cabaret costumes, Frank "unfreezes" them and leads them in a live cabaret floor show, complete with an
Cast
- Tim Curry as Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite scientist
- Susan Sarandon as Janet Weiss, Brad's fiancée
- Barry Bostwick as Brad Majors, Janet's fiancé
- Richard O'Brien as Riff Raff, a hunchbacked handyman and Magenta's brother
- Patricia Quinnas Magenta, a domestic and Riff Raff's sister
- Little Nell as Columbia, a groupie
- Jonathan Adams as Dr. Everett V. Scott, Frank's rival scientist
- Peter Hinwood as Rocky Horror, Frank's creation
- Trevor White is uncredited as Rocky's singing voice
- Meat Loaf as Eddie, a former delivery boy
- Charles Gray as the criminologist, an expert
Jeremy Newson and Hilary Labow play Brad and Janet's newlywed friends Ralph and Betty Hapschatt. The guests at both the Hapschatt wedding and Frank's convention consist of Perry Bedden, Christopher Biggins, Gaye Brown, Ishaq Bux, Stephen Calcutt, Hugh Cecil, Imogen Claire, Tony Cowan, Sadie Corré, Fran Fullenwider, Lindsay Ingram, Peggy Ledger, Annabel Leventon, Anthony Milner, Pamela Obermeyer, Tony Then, Kimi Wong, and Henry Woolf, as well as an uncredited Rufus Collins.
Production
Concept and development
Richard O'Brien was living as an unemployed actor in
O'Brien showed a portion of the unfinished script to Australian director Jim Sharman, who decided to direct it at the small experimental space Upstairs at the Royal Court Theatre in Sloane Square, Chelsea, London, which was used as a project space for new work.[10] O'Brien had appeared briefly in a stage production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ Superstar, directed by Sharman, and the two also worked together in Sam Shepard's The Unseen Hand. Sharman would bring in production designer Brian Thomson.[15] The original creative team was then rounded out by costume designer Sue Blane, musical director Richard Hartley, and stage producer Michael White, who was brought in to produce. As the musical went into rehearsal, the working title, They Came from Denton High, was changed just before previews at the suggestion of Sharman to The Rocky Horror Show.[10][16]
Having premiered in the small 60-seat Royal Court Theatre, it quickly moved to larger venues in London, transferring to the 230-seat Chelsea Classic Cinema on King's Road on 14 August 1973, before finding a quasi-permanent home at the 500-seat King's Road Theatre from 3 November that year, running for six years.[17] The musical made its U.S. debut in Los Angeles in 1974 before playing in New York City as well as other cities.[15] Producer and Ode Records owner Lou Adler attended the London production in the winter of 1973, escorted by friend Britt Ekland. He immediately decided to purchase the U.S. theatrical rights. His production would be staged at his Roxy Theatre in L.A.[18] In 1975, The Rocky Horror Show premiered on Broadway at the 1,000-seat Belasco Theatre.[19]
Filming and locations
Set in the fictional town of Denton, the film was shot at
The film is both a parody and tribute to many of the science fiction and horror movies from the 1930s up to the 1970s.[10] The film production retains many aspects from the stage version, such as production design and music, but adds new scenes not featured in the original stage play.[15] The film's plot, setting, and style echo those of the Hammer horror films, which had their own instantly recognizable style (just as Universal Studios' horror films did).[26] The originally proposed opening sequence was to contain clips of various films mentioned in the lyrics, as well as the first few sequences shot in black and white, but this was deemed too expensive and scrapped.[15]
Costumes, make-up, and props
In the stage productions, actors generally did their own make-up; however, for the film, the producers chose Pierre La Roche, who had previously been a make-up artist for
Some of the costumes from the film had been originally used in the stage production. Props and set pieces were reused from old Hammer Horror productions and others. The tank and dummy used for Rocky's birth originally appeared in The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958). These references to earlier productions, in addition to cutting costs, enhanced the cult status of the film.[29]
Costume designer Sue Blane was not keen on working for the film, until she became aware that Curry, an old friend, was committed to the project. Curry and Blane had worked together in Glasgow's Citizens Theatre in a production of The Maids, for which Curry had worn a woman's corset. Blane arranged for the theatre to loan her the corset from the other production for Rocky Horror.[30] Blane admits that she did not conduct research for her designing, had never seen a science fiction film, and is acutely aware that her costumes for Brad and Janet may have been generalizations.
When I designed Rocky, I never looked at any science fiction movies or comic books. One just automatically knows what spacesuits look like, the same way one intuitively knows how Americans dress. I had never been to the United States, but I had this fixed idea of how people looked there. Americans wore polyester so their clothes wouldn't crease, and their trousers were a bit too short. Since they're very keen on sports, white socks and white T-shirts played an integral part in their wardrobe. Of course, since doing Rocky I have been to the United States and admit it was a bit of a generalization, but my ideas worked perfectly for Brad and Janet.[30]
The budget for the film was US$1,600,000, far more than the stage production budget, but having to double up on costumes for the film production was expensive. For filming, corsets for the finale had to be doubled for the pool scene, with one version drying while the other was worn on set. While many of the costumes are exact replicas from the stage productions, other costumes were new to filming, such as Columbia's gold sequined swallow-tail coat and top hat and Magenta's maid's uniform.[30]
Blane was amazed by the recreation and understanding of her designs by fans.
Title sequence
The film starts with the screen fading to black and oversized, disembodied female lips appear overdubbed with a
Music
The soundtrack was released in 1975 by
- "Science Fiction/Double Feature" – The Lips (those of Patricia Quinn; voice of Richard O'Brien)
- "Dammit Janet" – Brad, Janet, and Chorus
- "Over at the Frankenstein Place" – Janet, Brad, Riff Raff, and Chorus
- "The Time Warp" – Riff Raff, Magenta, The Criminologist, Columbia, and Transylvanians
- "Sweet Transvestite" – Frank with spoken lyrics by Brad and Janet
- "The Sword of Damocles" – Rocky and Transylvanians
- "I Can Make You a Man" – Frank and Transylvanians
- "Hot Patootie – Bless My Soul" – Eddie and Transylvanians
- "I Can Make You a Man (Reprise)" – Frank, Janet, and Transylvanians
- "Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me" – Janet with Magenta, Columbia, Rocky, Brad, Frank, and Riff Raff
- "Once in a While" (deleted scene) – Brad
- "Eddie" – Dr. Scott, The Criminologist, Janet, Columbia, and Frank
- "Planet Schmanet Janet (Wise Up Janet Weiss)" – Frank with one line by Janet
- "Planet Hot Dog" – Frank, Brad, Dr. Scott, and Janet
- "Rose Tint My World" – Columbia, Rocky, Brad, and Janet
- "Fanfare/Don't Dream It, Be It" – Frank with Dr. Scott, Brad, and Janet
- "Wild and Untamed Thing" – Frank with Brad, Janet, Rocky, Columbia, and Riff Raff
- "I'm Going Home" – Frank and Chorus
- "Super Heroes" (only present in full in the original UK release) – Brad, Janet, The Criminologist, and Chorus
- "Science Fiction/Double Feature (Reprise)" – The Lips
Release
The film opened in the United Kingdom at the Rialto Theatre in London on 14 August 1975 and in the United States on 26 September at the UA Westwood in Los Angeles.[39][40] It did well at that location, but not elsewhere.[41] Before the midnight screenings' success, the film was withdrawn from its eight opening cities due to very small audiences, and its planned New York City opening on Halloween night was cancelled.[42] Fox re-released the film around college campuses on a double-bill with another rock music film parody, Brian De Palma's Phantom of the Paradise (1974), but again it drew small audiences.[42]
A second film poster was created using a set of red lipstick-painted lips with the tagline "A Different Set of Jaws", a spoof of the poster for the film Jaws (which was also released in 1975).[29] The lips of former Playboy model Lorelei Shark are featured on the poster.[43]
With
The Rocky Horror Picture Show is considered to be the longest-running release in film history.[5][46] It benefited from a 20th Century Fox policy that made archival films available to theatres at any time.[47] Having never been pulled by 20th Century Fox from its original 1975 release, it continues to play in cinemas.[48][49] After The Walt Disney Company acquired 20th Century Fox in 2019 and began withdrawing archival Fox movies from theatres to be placed into the Disney Vault, the company made an exception in the case of The Rocky Horror Picture Show to allow the traditional midnight screenings to continue.[47][50]
Home media
A
A home video release was made available in 1987 in the UK.[53] In the US, the film (including documentary footage and extras) was released on VHS on 8 November 1990, retailing for $89.95.[39]
The film was released on
In October 2021, the film was added to Disney+ on the Star hub for users in locations such as the UK, Ireland and Canada.[56]
Reception
Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert noted that when first released, The Rocky Horror Picture Show was "ignored by pretty much everyone, including the future fanatics who would eventually count the hundreds of times they'd seen it". He considered it more a "long-running social phenomenon" than a movie, rating it 2.5 out of 4 stars and describing Curry as "the best thing in the movie, maybe because he seems to be having the most fun" but thinking the story would work better performed on stage for a live audience.[57] Bill Henkin noted that Variety thought that the "campy hijinks" of the film seemed labored, and also mentioned that the San Francisco Chronicle's John Wasserman, who had liked the stage play in London, found the film "lacking both charm and dramatic impact". Newsweek, in 1978, called the film "tasteless, plotless and pointless".[58]
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 80% based on 49 reviews, and an average grade of 6.9/10, with the critical consensus reading "The Rocky Horror Picture Show brings its quirky characters in tight, but it's the narrative thrust that really drives audiences insane and keeps 'em doing the time warp again".[59] A number of contemporary critics find it compelling and enjoyable because of its offbeat and bizarre qualities; the BBC summarised: "for those willing to experiment with something a little bit different, a little bit outré, The Rocky Horror Picture Show has a lot to offer."[60] The New York Times called it a "low-budget freak show/cult classic/cultural institution" with "catchy" songs.[61] Geoff Andrew, of Time Out, noted that the "string of hummable songs gives it momentum, Gray's admirably straight-faced narrator holds it together, and a run on black lingerie takes care of almost everything else", rating it 4 out of 5 stars.[62] On the other hand, Dave Kehr of the Chicago Reader considered the wit to be "too weak to sustain a film" and thought that the "songs all sound the same".[63]
In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[64][65]
Cult following
Origins
The Rocky Horror Picture Show helped shape conditions of cult film's transition from
On Halloween in 1976, people attended in costume and talked back to the screen, and by mid-1978, Rocky Horror was playing in over 50 locations on Fridays and Saturdays at midnight. Newsletters were published by local performance groups, and fans gathered for Rocky Horror conventions.[42] By the end of 1979, there were twice-weekly showings at over 230 theatres.[42] The National Fan Club was established in 1977 and later merged with the International Fan Club. The fan publication The Transylvanian printed a number of issues, and a semi-regular poster magazine was published as well as an official magazine.[66]
Performance groups in the Los Angeles area originated at the
By 1978, Rocky Horror had moved from an earlier
Legacy
Annual Rocky Horror conventions are held in varying locations, lasting days. Tucson, Arizona has been host a number of times, including 1999 with "El Fishnet Fiesta", and "Queens of the Desert" held in 2006.[71] Vera Dika wrote that, to the fans, Rocky Horror is ritualistic and comparable to a religious event, with a compulsive, repeated cycle of going home and coming back to see the film each weekend.[11] The audience call-backs are similar to responses in church during a mass.[11] Many theatre troupes exist across the United States that produce shadow-cast performances where the actors play each part in the film in full costume, with props, as the movie plays on the big screen in a movie theatre.[72][73] O'Brien's Orchestra, formerly known as the Queerios (based in Austin, Texas), is the longest running shadow-cast in Texas.[74]
The film has a global following and remains popular.[75] Subcultures such as Rocky Horror have also found a place on the Internet.[76] Audience participation scripts for many cities are available for download from the internet.[29] The internet has a number of Rocky Horror fan-run websites with various quizzes and information, specializing in different content, allowing fans to participate at a unique level.[34]
LGBT influence
Members of the
The Rocky Horror Picture Show remains a cultural phenomenon in both the U.S. and U.K.[80][81] Cult film participants are often people on the fringe of society who find connection and community at the screenings,[82] although the film attracts fans of differing backgrounds all over the world.[83]
"Bisexuality, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, and Me", by Elizabeth Reba Weise, is part of the publication,
Cultural influence
The Rocky Horror Picture Show has been featured in a number of other feature films and television series over the years. Episodes of
Sequel
O'Brien drafted a sequel titled Rocky Horror Shows His Heels in 1979. This script featured the return of all of the characters from the original film, and O'Brien wished to reunite the original production team. But Sharman did not wish to revisit the original concept so directly, nor did Tim Curry wish to reprise his role.[citation needed]
Instead, Sharman reunited with O'Brien to film Shock Treatment in 1981, a stand-alone feature with little continuity from the original film.[2] Initially conceived and scripted in 1980 as The Brad and Janet Show, the film repurposed several songs from the earlier Rocky Horror Shows His Heels project with lyrical adjustments, and depicting the characters' continuing adventures in the town of Denton. Production was forced to adjust amidst the Screen Actors Guild strike; eventually the entire film was shot on a single sound stage. Shock Treatment was poorly received by critics and audiences upon release (largely due to the absence of Curry, Sarandon, and Bostwick) but over time has built its own niche following.[93]
O'Brien revisited the notion for a direct RHPS sequel in 1991, writing Revenge of the Old Queen.[94] Producer Michael White had hoped to begin work on the production and described the script as being "in the same style as the other one. It has reflections of the past in it."[95] Revenge of the Old Queen commenced pre-production; however, after studio head Joe Roth was ousted from Fox in 1993, the project was shelved indefinitely. Although the script went unpublished, bootleg copies have leaked online, and a song from the original demo tape circulates among fans. The script remains the property of Fox, producer of the two prior films, and remains unlikely to be revived.[96]
Between 1999 and 2001, O'Brien was working on a third attempted sequel project with the working title Rocky Horror: The Second Coming,[97] intended as a stage production, with an option to adapt to film if met with success. This script integrated plot elements from Rocky Horror Shows His Heels paired with all-new songs. O'Brien completed a first draft of this script (which was read by Terry Jones[98]) but had difficulties finalizing anything beyond the first act, and development went dormant.[citation needed]
O'Brien produced Shock Treatment for the theatrical stage with a premiere at the King's Head Theatre in Islington, London in spring 2015.[99][100]
Remake
"
On 10 April 2015, the
Kenny Ortega, best known for the High School Musical franchise and Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009) directed, choreographed and executive-produced the remake; Lou Adler, who was an executive producer of the original film, has the same role for the new film, which premiered on Fox on 20 October 2016.[111]
See also
- List of American films of 1975
- List of British films of 1975
- Cross-dressing in film and television
- List of films featuring extraterrestrials
- List of films featuring Frankenstein's monster
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External links
- Official website
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at IMDb
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at AllMovie
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at Box Office Mojo
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at Metacritic
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at Rotten Tomatoes
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at the American Film Institute Catalog
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at the better source needed]
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show on YouTube— official trailer