Theodor W. Hänsch
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Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch | |
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Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch (German pronunciation: [ˈteːodoːɐ̯ ˈhɛnʃ] ⓘ; born 30 October 1941) is a German physicist. He received one-third of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics for "contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique", sharing the prize with John L. Hall and Roy J. Glauber.
Hänsch is Director of the
, Germany.Biography
Hänsch received his secondary education at
One of his students,
In 1970 he invented a new type of laser that generated light pulses with an extremely high
Background to Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize was awarded to Professor Hänsch in recognition for work that he did at the end of the 1990s at the Max Planck Institute in Garching, near Munich, Germany. He developed an optical "frequency comb synthesiser", which makes it possible, for the first time, to measure with extreme precision the number of light oscillations per second. These optical frequency measurements can be millions of times more precise than previous spectroscopic determinations of the wavelength of light.
The work in Garching was motivated by experiments on the very precise laser spectroscopy of the hydrogen atom. This atom has a particularly simple structure. By precisely determining its spectral line, scientists were able to draw conclusions about how valid our fundamental physical constants are – if, for example, they change slowly with time. By the end of the 1980s, the laser spectroscopy of hydrogen had reached the maximum precision allowed by interferometric measurements of optical wavelengths.
The researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics thus speculated about new methods, and developed the optical frequency comb synthesizer. Its name comes from the fact that it generates a light spectrum out of what are originally single-colour, ultrashort pulses of light. This spectrum is made of hundreds of thousands of sharp spectral lines with a constant frequency interval.
Such a frequency comb is similar to a ruler. When the frequency of a particular radiation is determined, it can be compared to the extremely acute comb spectral lines, until one is found that "fits". In 1998, Professor Hänsch received a
One of the first applications of this new kind of light source was to determine the frequency of the very narrow ultraviolet hydrogen 1S-2S two-photon transition. Since then, the frequency has been determined with a precision of 15 decimal places.
The frequency comb now serves as the basis for optical frequency measurements in large numbers of laboratories worldwide. Since 2002, the company Menlo Systems, in whose foundation the Max Planck Institute in Garching played a role, has been delivering commercial frequency comb synthesizers to laboratories all over the world.
Laser development
Hänsch introduced intracavity telescopic beam expansion to grating tuned laser oscillators
Awards
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- James Joyce Award (2009)
- Carl Friedrich von Siemens Prize (2006)
- Rudolf Diesel Gold Medal (2006)
- Ioannes Marcus Marci Medal (2006)
- Bambi Award (2005)
- Otto Hahn Prize (2005)
- I. I. Rabi Award (2005)
- Nobel Prize in Physics (2005)
- Matteucci Medal (2002)
- SUNAMCO Medal (2001)
- Philip Morris Research Prize (1998, 2000)
- Arthur L. Schawlow Award (2000)
- Stern-Gerlach Medal(2000)
- Arthur L. Schawlow Prize(1996)
- Einstein Prize for Laser Science (1995)
- King Faisal International Prize1989)
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize(1989)
- Italgas Prize for Research and Innovation (1987)
- Michelson Medal (1986)
- William F. Meggers Award(1985)
- Herbert P. Broida Prize(1983)
- Comstock Prize in Physics (1983)
- Otto Klung Prize (1980)
See also
References
- ^ Nobel Foundation. "Biographical: Theodor W. Hänsch". Retrieved 4 March 2019.
- ^ "Comstock Prize in Physics". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ "Franklin Laureate Database – Albert A. Michelson Medal Laureates". Franklin Institute. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- PMID 20119064.
- OCLC 982654263.
- ISBN 978-3-642-53858-2.