Theodore V. Buttrey Jr.
Theodore V. Buttrey Jr. | |
---|---|
Born | Theodore Vern Buttrey Jr. December 29, 1929 |
Died | January 9, 2018 | (aged 88)
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Educator, classicist and numismatist |
Awards | Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society Huntington Medal of the American Numismatic Society |
Theodore Vern Buttrey Jr. (December 29, 1929 – January 9, 2018) was an American educator, classicist and numismatist. He is perhaps best known for his work discovering and exposing a scheme to distribute fake Western American gold bars.
Personal
Buttrey was born in Havre, Montana on December 29, 1929, the son of Theodore V. Buttrey Sr. and Ruth Jeanette (Scoutt) Buttrey and the grandson of Frank A. Buttrey, the founder of
Career as professor
In 1964, Buttrey took a position in the Classics Department at the University of Michigan. He was promoted to (full) Professor in 1967,[1] and served as Chair of the Department for several years. From 1969 to 1971 he was also the Director of the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan. He is remembered as part of the University's Faculty History Project which includes a statement from the University's Regents.
Buttrey had been a Visiting Fellow and Resident Member of
Contributions outside numismatics
Buttrey was the founder and publisher of Pevensey Press, a specialty book company[1] principally devoted to publishing lavishly photographed books of English university towns and countryside. His company employed a photographer and several writers. More than 20 titles were produced between 1980 and 1995.[2]
Buttrey worked with the University of Michigan Television Center from 1966 to 1980. He wrote and recorded TV shows on the Iliad (10 half-hour shows) and the Odyssey (15 half-hour shows), Herodotus, Suetonius and the Twelve Caesars, among others and in areas as diverse as race relations and on the art of drawing. These shows were carried on over 75 TV stations at their peak.
Numismatic work
Coins of Ancient Greece and Rome
Buttrey spent many years active in research on coins of the ancient Mediterranean. He and his collaborators documented the coinage of
Coins of Mexico
It was as a child at the Peacock Military Academy in
Fake Mexican and Western American gold bars
Although the bulk of Buttrey's academic output concerned coins of antiquity, Buttrey was directly involved in a controversy regarding Western American gold bars that he described as counterfeit. This followed earlier, apparently uncontroversial, work in which he was able to identify certain Mexican gold bars as counterfeit, primarily by cataloguing anachronistic assayer markings. That earlier work was capped by Buttrey's 1973 talk, "False Mexican Colonial Gold Bars" at the International Numismatic Congress. In 1984, the American Numismatic Society passed a resolution supporting Buttrey's assertions.[3]
The dispute regarding the Western American bars was quite possibly the only time a dispute among academic numismatists reached the pages of major newspapers, including The New York Times.[3] Buttrey's claims about the authenticity of the western bars were first detailed in a 1996 talk at the ANS.[1] They were based in part on mint and assay markings that he said were incongruous or inconsistent. He also noted that many of the bars in question had no provenance at all, never appearing in catalogues or other materials from the time that the bars were allegedly produced through the 1950s.
Buttrey named as perpetrators of the fraud the coin dealer John J. Ford Jr., who marketed many of his creations through Stack's LLC, a New York coin dealer. Ford and Stack's maintained that all the bars in question were genuine; Ford described Buttrey as a "crackpot."[3]
There is no question that Ford and Stack's sold a number of the disputed gold bars to collector and philanthropist Josiah K. Lilly Jr. Lilly's extensive collection of gold and coins, including the disputed bars, was donated to the Smithsonian Institution after his death in 1966 in exchange for a multimillion-dollar tax break for his estate.[3]
In 1999, Michael Hodder, a consultant for Stack's, attempted to rebut the claims that Buttrey laid out in his 1996 ANS lecture. In August of that year, Buttrey and Hodder spoke jointly during an American Numismatic Association convention in Chicago, in an encounter referred to by numismatists as "The Great Debate".[1] Coin World magazine wrote later that it "was one of the most heavily attended numismatic events at an ANA convention".[1] In April 2000, Ford, together with Harvey Stack of Stack's, sued Buttrey in a $5 million action for defamation in the U.S. Federal District Court in New York. That suit was eventually dismissed.[1] Buttrey provided evidence of what he called fraud to the office of the Attorney General of New York State, but no criminal charges were ever filed against Ford or Stack's. Although elements of the Lilly Collection continue to be on display at the Smithsonian, the gold bars in question have been removed.[citation needed]
Awards
Buttrey was awarded the Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society in 1983[4] and served as its President in the years 1989–1993.[5]
He was awarded the American Numismatic Society's Huntingdon Medal in 1996[1][6] and the medal of the Norwegian Numismatic Society in 2010. In 2009, Buttrey was made an Honorary Member of the International Numismatics Committee. He was a Corresponding Member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. In 2011, the "Institut für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte" of Vienna University, Austria, awarded him the Wolfgang Hahn Medal.
Publications
Buttrey's many publications include:
- Buttrey, T.V., "The Triumviral Portrait Gold of the Quattuorviri Monetales of 42 B.C." (New York: American Numismatic Society monograph 137, 1956)
- Buttrey, T.V., "Coinage of the Americas" (1972)
- Buttrey, T.V. and Moevs, M.T., "Cosa: The Coins and Italo-Megarian Ware at Cosa" (Rome: American Academy in Rome, 1980).
- Buttrey, T.V., Johnston, A., Mackenzie, K.M. & Bates, M.L., "Greek, Roman and Islamic Coins from Sardis" (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982)
- Buttrey, T.V., Holloway, R.R., Erim, K.T., Groves, T.D., "Morgantina Studies : The Coins, Volume II" (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989)
- Buttrey, T.V. (earlier editions); Hubbard, C. and Buttrey, T.V. (later editions), "Guidebook of Mexican Coins, 1822 to Date," Sixth Edition, 1992
- Buttrey, T.V., Carradice I.A., "The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. II, Part 1: From AD 69 to AD 96" (London: Spink, 2007)
Obituaries
- Theodore V. Buttrey (1929-2018) Obituary in The E-Sylum: Volume 21, Number 2, January 14, 2018, Article 5
- In memoriam Ted Buttrey (1929-2018), by Jonathan Jarrett, 21 January 2018
References
- ^ ISSN 0010-0447.
- ^ ISBNDB.com listing of Pevensey Press titles Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d "Gold Bars, Glamorous Stories And a Battle Over Authenticity," Dinitia Smith, New York Times, March 3, 2001
- ^ The Royal Numismatic Society's list of past winners of the Medal
- ^ The Royal Numismatic Society's list of past Presidents of the Society
- ^ The ANS's list of past winners of the Huntington Medal