Thermoproteota

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Thermoproteota
STSV-1
.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Proteoarchaeota
Superphylum: TACK group
Phylum: Thermoproteota
Garrity & Holt 2021[1]
Class
Synonyms
  • "
    TACK group
  • "Crenarchaeota" Garrity and Holt 2001
  • "Gearchaeota" corrig. Kozubal et al. 2013
  • "Marsarchaeota" Jay et al. 2018
  • "Nezhaarchaeota" Wang et al. 2019
  • "Thermoproteaeota" Oren et al. 2015
  • "Thermoproteota" Whitman et al. 2018
  • "Verstraetearchaeota" Vanwonterghem et al. 2016

The Thermoproteota (also known as Crenarchaea) are

cocci, filamentous and oddly-shaped cells.[8]

Thermoproteota were initially classified as a part of Regnum Eocyta in 1984,[9] but this classification has been discarded. The term "eocyte" now applies to either TACK (formerly Crenarchaeota) or to Thermoproteota.

Sulfolobus

One of the best characterized members of the Crenarchaeota is

chemoorganotrophically (gaining its energy from organic sources such as sugars). These factors allow a much easier growth under laboratory conditions than anaerobic organisms
and have led to Sulfolobus becoming a model organism for the study of hyperthermophiles and a large group of diverse viruses that replicate within them.

16S rRNA based
LTP_06_2022[11][12][13]
 53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[14][15][16]
"TACK"

Nitrososphaerota

Thermoproteota
Thermoproteia

Thermoproteales

Fervidicoccales

Desulfurococcales 1

"TACK"

"

Korarchaeia
"

"BAT"

"

Bathyarchaeia
" (MCG)

Nitrososphaeria_A ("Aigarchaeota")

Nitrososphaeria

"Sulfobacteria"
Thermoproteota

Recombinational repair of DNA damage

Irradiation of S. solfataricus cells with ultraviolet light strongly induces formation of type IV pili that can then promote cellular aggregation.[17] Ultraviolet light-induced cellular aggregation was shown by Ajon et al.[18] to mediate high frequency inter-cellular chromosome marker exchange. Cultures that were ultraviolet light-induced had recombination rates exceeding those of uninduced cultures by as much as three orders of magnitude. S. solfataricus cells are only able to aggregate with other members of their own species.[18] Frols et al.[17][19] and Ajon et al.[18] considered that the ultraviolet light-inducible DNA transfer process, followed by homologous recombinational repair of damaged DNA, is an important mechanism for promoting chromosome integrity.

This DNA transfer process can be regarded as a primitive form of sexual interaction.

Marine species

Beginning in 1992, data were published that reported sequences of genes belonging to the Thermoproteota in marine environments.

fixation of carbon .[citation needed] DNA sequences from Thermoproteota have also been found in soil and freshwater environments, suggesting that this phylum is ubiquitous to most environments.[22]

In 2005, evidence of the first cultured “low temperature Crenarchaea” was published. Named

Nitrosopumilus maritimus, it is an ammonia-oxidizing organism isolated from a marine aquarium tank and grown at 28 °C.[23]

Possible connections with eukaryotes

Main articles: Eocyte hypothesis and Two-domain system

The research about

eukaryotes.[24]

DNA analysis from 2008 (and later, 2017) has shown that eukaryotes possible evolved from thermoproteota-like organisms. Other candidates for the ancestor of eukaryotes include closely related asgards. This could suggest that eukaryotic organisms possibly evolved from prokaryotes.

These results are similar to the eocyte hypothesis of 1984, proposed by James A. Lake.[9] The classification according to Lake, states that both crenarchaea and asgards belong to Kingdom Eocyta. Though this has been discarded by scientists, the main concept remains. The term "Eocyta" now either refers to the TACK group or to Phylum Thermoproteota itself.

However, the topic is highly debated and research is still going on.

See also

References

  1. S2CID 239887308
    .
  2. ^ See the NCBI webpage on Crenarchaeota
  3. ^ C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Archaea. eds. E.Monosson & C.Cleveland, Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC.
  4. ^ Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  5. ISBN 978-0-13-144329-7
    .
  6. PMID 16030242
    .
  7. S2CID 29789667
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2
    .
  9. ^
    PMID 6587394
    .
  10. S2CID 5805400
    .
  11. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  13. ^ "LTP_06_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  14. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  15. ^ "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  16. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  17. ^ a b Fröls S, Ajon M, Wagner M, Teichmann D, Zolghadr B, Folea M, Boekema EJ, Driessen AJ, Schleper C, Albers SV. UV-inducible cellular aggregation of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus is mediated by pili formation. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Nov;70(4):938-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06459.x. PMID 18990182
  18. ^ a b c Ajon M, Fröls S, van Wolferen M, Stoecker K, Teichmann D, Driessen AJ, Grogan DW, Albers SV, Schleper C. UV-inducible DNA exchange in hyperthermophilic archaea mediated by type IV pili. Mol Microbiol. 2011 Nov;82(4):807-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07861.x. Epub 2011 Oct 18. PMID 21999488
  19. ^ Fröls S, White MF, Schleper C. Reactions to UV damage in the model archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Feb;37(Pt 1):36-41. doi: 10.1042/BST0370036. PMID 19143598
  20. S2CID 4342208
    .
  21. PMID 1608980
    .
  22. PMID 8799176
    .
  23. S2CID 4340386
    .
  24. PMID 18463089
    .

Further reading

Scientific journals

Scientific handbooks

External links

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