Thesprotians
The Thesprotians (
Doulichi. The Thesprotians originally controlled the Dodona oracle, the oldest religious shrine in Greece. Later, they were part of the Epirus until they were annexed into the Roman Empire
.
Geography
Tribe
According to Strabo, the Thesprotians (along with the
Epirotes.[12] Terms for office were prostates (Greek: προστάτες) literally meaning "protectors" like most Greek tribal states at the time.[13] Other terms for office were grammateus (Greek: γραμματέυς) meaning "secretary", demiourgoi (Greek: δημιουργοί) literally meaning "creators", hieromnemones (Greek: ιερομνήμονες) literally meaning "of the sacred memory" and synarchontes (Greek: συνάρχοντες) literally meaning "co-rulers".[14]
Subtribes
The Thesprotians were divided into many subtribes that included the Elopes, Graeci, Kassopaeoi, Dryopes, Dodonians (Greek: Δωδωναίοι), Aegestaeoi, Eleaeoi, Elinoi, Ephyroi, Ikadotoi, Kartatoi, Kestrinoi, Klauthrioi, Kropioi, Larissaeoi, Onopernoi, Opatoi, Tiaeoi, Torydaeoi, Fanoteis, Farganaeoi,
Parauaei, Fylates and the Chimerioi. Some of these tribes throughout antiquity migrated to and established colonies in Ithaca, Lefkada, Acarnania, parts of southern Greece, Thessaly and Italy.[15]
Mythology
According to the Kallidike (Callidice, Kallidice), and had a son with her named Polypoetes. Odysseus led the Thesprotians in the war against the Brygoi (Brygi), but lost the battle because Ares was on the side of the Brygoi. Athena went to support Odysseus, by engaging the war god in another confrontation until Apollo separated them. When Kallidike died, Odysseus returned home to Ithaca, leaving their son, Polypoetes, to rule Thesprotia.[16]
History
- Allied with Corinth in the 5th century BC.
- Allied with Athens and Molossis, 415–404 BC.
- Occupation of Kassopaea, Dodona, east Thesprotia by Molossians 400 BC.
- The Thesprotian League, middle 4th century BC.
- Allied with Macedonia, 343–300 BC.
- Part of the League of Molossis, 300 BC.
- Part of the Epirote League, included Chaonians and Molossians, 220–167 BC.
- Assigned as a district of Macedonia within Rome, 148–27 BC.
- Assigned as a district of Achaeawithin the Roman Empire from 27 BC.
List of Thesprotians
- Queen Kallidike, wife of Odysseus.
- King Aidoneus of Ephyra, husband of Persephone.
- Poionos: Admatos; Thesprotoi: Petoas, Simakos; Skepas, Aristodamos from Cassopea; Dioszotos from
- Alexandros prostates, mid-4th century BC.[19]
- Xenarchos son of Xenon from Cassopea (tomb stele), c. 310 BC.[20]
- Gallithos son of Xenon from Cassopea (tomb stele), c. 275 BC.[21]
- Sokratis daughter of Sotion from Boucheta (tomb stele), c. 250 BC.[22]
- Xenias of Cassopea
- Alkimos (son of Nikandros)
- Eucharon, Eunostidas proxenoi in Thermos (Aetolia), late 3rd century – early 2nd century BC.[25]
- Milon (son of Sosandros) honoured by Koinon of Epirotes, late 3rd century BC.[26]
- Opatos dedicated to Zeus Bouleus in Dodona, c. 215–210 BC.[27]
- Simakos (son of Phalakrion) 2nd century BC Pancratiast, Epidauria (fined 1000 staters, along with other two athletes).[28]
- Demetrios (son of Machatas) dedicated to Apollon at Ptolemaic city commander of Kourion.[30]
- Alkemachos (son of Charops) Diaulos (~400-metre race) Panathenaics, 190/189 BC, nephew of Demetrios.[30]
- Echenika daughter of Menedamos and Aristokrateia from Kassopa, wife of Lysixenos (tomb stele), 2nd century BC.[31]
See also
- Chaonia
- Necromanteion
- Ancient Thesprotia
References
Citations
- ^ "Epirus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Hammond 1994, pp. 430, 434; Hammond 1982, p. 284; Wilkes 1995, p. 104.
- ^ Errington 1990, p. 43.
- ^ See book 19
- ^ Hansen & Nielsen 2004, p. 347.
- ^ Hansen & Nielsen 2004, p. 346.
- ^ a b Hansen & Nielsen 2004, p. 342.
- ^ Hansen & Nielsen 2004, p. 340.
- ^ Liddell & Scott 1889: πελιγᾶνες.
- ^ Hammond 1994, p. 437
- ^ "Regions : Northern Greece (IG X) : Epeiros, Illyria, and Dalmatia : Epeiros". Archived from the original on 2015-07-23.
- ^ Hornblower 2002, p. 199.
- ^ Horsley 1987, p. 243; Hornblower 2002, p. 199.
- ^ Hammond 1994, p. 431–434.
- ^ Hammond 1986, p. 75.
- ^ Telegony, Fragment 1 (from Proclus, Chrestomathia 2).
- ^ IG IV²,1 95 col I.1 Line 25
- ^ Brock & Hodkinson 2000, p. 247; Hansen & Nielsen 2004, p. 348.
- ^ Cabanes, L'Épire 576,49.
- ^ Thess. Mnemeia, 286,72.
- ^ Thess. Mnemeia, 288,74.
- ^ Thess. Mnemeia, 320,103.
- ^ IG IX,1² 2:243.
- ^ FD III 2:83.
- ^ IG IX,1² 1:31 line 47.
- ^ Cabanes, L'Épire 547,17.
- ^ Cabanes, L'Épire 548,18.
- ^ Miller 2004, p. 74; IG IV²,1 99, II.
- ^ I.Kourion 42[1]
- ^ a b Habicht & Stevenson 2006, p. 89.
- ^ Acarnania - IG IX,1² 2:312, a.
Sources
- Brock, Roger; Hodkinson, Stephen (2000). Alternatives to Athens: Varieties of Political Organization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815220-5.
- Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). A History of Macedonia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06319-8.
- Habicht, Christian; Stevenson, Peregrine (2006). The Hellenistic Monarchies: Selected Papers. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-11109-4.
- Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1994). "CHAPTER 9d. ILLYRIANS AND NORTH-WEST GREEKS". In Lewis, David Malcolm; Boardman, John; Hornblower, Simon; Ostwald, M. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Fourth Century B.C. Vol. VI. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 422–443. ISBN 0-521-23348-8.
- Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "CHAPTER 40 ILLYRIS, EPIRUS AND MACEDONIA". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. Vol. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–285. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.
- Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1986). A History of Greece to 322 B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-873096-9.
- Hansen, Mogens Herman; Nielsen, Thomas Heine (2004). An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
- Hornblower, Simon (2002). The Greek World, 479–323 BC. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16326-9.
- Horsley, G. H. R. (1987). New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity: A Review of the Greek Inscriptions and Papyri Published in 1979. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-85837-599-0.
- Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1889). An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Miller, Stephen Gaylord (2004). Arete: Greek Sports from Ancient Sources. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24154-1.
- Wilkes, John (1995) [1992]. The Illyrians. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Limited. ISBN 0-631-19807-5.