Third Front (India)

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For other uses, see Third Front.

In

Indian politics, the Third Front refers to temporary alliances which began in 1989 among smaller parties to offer a third option to Indian voters. These alliances arose to challenge the Indian National Congress (INC) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[1]

National Front (1989–1991)

The National Front (NF) was a coalition of political parties, led by the Janata Dal, which formed India's government between 1989 and 1990. N. T. Rama Rao was its president, and V. P. Singh was its convener. The coalition's first prime minister was Singh, who was succeeded by Chandra Shekhar. Nationally, it was represented by the Janata Dal and the Indian Congress (Socialist). The NF was represented regionally by the Telugu Desam Party in Andhra Pradesh, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in Tamil Nadu and the Asom Gana Parishad in Assam, supported by the non-member Left Front. Leader of the Opposition P. Upendra was a general secretary of the front when it was formed.

In 1991,

Chandrababu Naidu. The NF collapsed before the Lok Sabha elections of 1996, when it tried to include the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and the DMK walked out. After Rama Rao's death in January 1996, the Janata Dal stood by his widow Lakshmi Parvathi
and the left parties allied with Chandrababu Naidu.

United Front (1996–1998)

Main article: United Front (India)

After the 1996 elections,

I. K. Gujral after Jyoti Basu and V. P. Singh declined the office. Both governments had outside support from the Indian National Congress under Sitaram Kesri. N. Chandrababu Naidu
of the Telugu Desam Party was the UF's convener.

The Indian general election of 1996 returned a fractured verdict. With the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerging as the largest party with 161 of 543 seats, it was invited first to form a government. It accepted the offer, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee was sworn in as prime minister. He could not muster a majority on the house floor, however, and the government fell 13 days later. At a meeting of the other parties, the Indian National Congress (with 140 seats) declined to head the government; with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), however, the INC agreed to extend outside support to a United Front coalition with the Janata Dal at its head. Other members of the UF included the Samajwadi Party, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Asom Gana Parishad, Tamil Maanila Congress, Communist Party of India, and Telugu Desam Party.

With approval from the INC and the CPI(M),

I. K. Gujral, who was prime minister from April 21, 1997, to March 19, 1998. After the collapse of his government, new elections
were called and the United Front lost power.

Third Front (2009)

The CPI(M) led the formation of the Third Front for the

HJC, TDP, PWPI
, and other small parties were members of the front. The new alliance held 109 seats before the 2009 election, but won only 82 seats in that election.

Federal Front (2019)

The Federal Front was an alliance of regional parties which was proposed by K. Chandrashekar Rao, but never bore fruit.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ "No third front can win polls in India, only a second front can defeat BJP: Prashant Kishor". India Today. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  2. ^ "CPI-M upbeat for Third Front after BJP-BJD split". Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  3. ^ "TRS weighing options over joining nat'l federal front". The Times of India. 15 August 2021.
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