Third Position
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The Third Position is a set of
Second World War. Developed in the context of the Cold War, it developed its name through the claim that it represented a third position between the capitalism of the Western Bloc and the communism of the Eastern Bloc
.
History
The term "Third Position" was coined in Europe and the main precursors of Third Position politics were
red-brown alliance (Red being the color of communism and Brown being the color of Nazism). Yockey lent support to Third World
liberation movements as well.
Germany
Querfront ("cross-front") was the cooperation between
conservative revolutionaries in Germany with the far-left during the Weimar Republic
of the 1920s.
SS-Gauführer, Nazi leader Heinrich Himmler worked briefly as a deputy of Gregor Strasser, then head of party propaganda department. Influenced heavily by Strasserist ideas, Himmler attacked capitalism and viewed socialism as "the natural economic system" during the 1920s.[1] Germany's Chancellor, General Kurt von Schleicher (in office 1932–33), attempted to induce the more left-wing Strasserist segment of the Nazi Party to merge with the trade unions as way of forcing Hitler to support his government, but his plan failed.[2]
The term is also used today for mutual entryism or cooperation between left and right-wing groups. For example, at a Berlin peace rally on February 24, 2023, called by Sahra Wagenknecht, leading figure of Germany's socialist Left Party, and feminist Alice Schwarzer in support of their manifesto calling for negotiations and stop of military support of Ukraine, far-right factions and pro-Russian supporters were in attendance.[3]
France
During the 1930s and 1940s, a number of splinter groups from the
Front National until 1991, when Malliarakis decided to approach them. As a result, TV fell apart and a radical splinter group under Christian Bouchet, Nouvelle Résistance, adopted National Bolshevik and then Eurasianist views.[4]
Italy
In
far-right social centres
.
United Kingdom
In the 1980s, the
Iran, presenting them as part of a global anti-capitalist and anti-Marxist third force in international politics;[9] its members openly acknowledged the influence of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and his Third International Theory.[10] This may have had tactical as well as ideological motivations, with Libya and Iran viewed as potential sources of funding.[7] This new rhetoric and ideology alienated much of the party's rank-and-file membership.[11] It experienced internal problems, and in 1989 several of its senior members—Nick Griffin, Derek Holland, and Colin Todd—split from it to establish their International Third Position group.[11] One of its leaders was Roberto Fiore, an ex-member of the Italian far-right movement Terza Posizione.[12]
United States
In the
financial crisis of 2007–08 and the policies of the Obama administration.[14]
See also
- Anti-corporate activism
- Alt-lite
- Alt-right
- Ba'athism
- Corporatism
- Eurasianism
- Fascism
- Getulism
- MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties
- National Bolshevism
- National syndicalism
- New antisemitism
- Nouvelle Droite
- Peronism
- Political Islam
- Putinism
- Red–green–brown alliance
- Revolutionary nationalism
- Strasserism
- Syncretic politics
- The Fourth Political Theory
- Trumpism
References
Notes
- ISBN 978-0-19-959232-6.
- ^ Turner, Henry Ashby Hitler's Thirty Days to Power, New York: Addison-Wesley, 1996, pp. 24–29.
- ^ Hallam, Mark (2023-02-27). "Germany: Left Party, Wagenknecht clash after 'peace' rally". DW. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
- ^ "annuaire de l'extrême droite en France". www.france-politique.fr. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
- ^ a b Sykes 2005, p. 126.
- ^ Baker 1985, p. 30.
- ^ a b Eatwell 2003, p. 341.
- ^ Durham 1995, p. 272; Eatwell 2003, p. 341; Sykes 2005, pp. 126–127.
- ^ Sykes 2005, pp. 126–127.
- ^ Sykes 2005, pp. 119–120.
- ^ a b Sykes 2005, p. 127.
- ISBN 0-415-94922-X.
- ^ Berlet, Chip (20 December 1990). "Right Woos Left: Populist Party, LaRouchite, and Other Neo-fascist Overtures To Progressives, And Why They Must Be Rejected". Political Research Associates. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
revised 4/15/1994, 3 corrections 1999
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Southern Poverty Law Center (Spring 2010). "Prof Has New Job Running Racist Political Party: Academic Anti-Semitism". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
Bibliography
- Baker, David L. (1985). "A. K. Chesterton, the Strasser Brothers and the Politics of the National Front". Patterns of Prejudice. 19 (3): 23–33. .
- Cheles, L.; Ferguson, R.; and Vaughan, M. (1992) Neo-Fascism in Europe. London: Longman.
- Cingolani, Giorgio (1996) La destra in armi. Editori Riuniti. (in Italian).
- Copsey, N. (2004) Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Durham, Martin (1995) [1991]. "Women and the British Extreme Right". In Luciano Cheles; Ronnie Ferguson; Michalina Vaughan (eds.). The Far Right in Western and Eastern Europe (second ed.). London and New York: Longman Group. pp. 272–289. ISBN 9780582238817.
- Eatwell, Roger (2003) [1995]. Fascism: A History. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-1844130900.
- Flamini, Gianni (1989) L’ombra della piramide. Teti. (in Italian).
- International Third Position (1997) The Third Position Handbook. London: Third Position.
- Sykes, Alan (2005). The Radical Right in Britain: Social Imperialism to the BNP. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333599242.
External links
- Political Research Associates. What is the Third Position?, on PublicEye.org (2000).
- Southern Poverty Law Center. Third Position on the Web.