Thiruvarur
Thiruvarur
Chola Nadu | |
---|---|
Special Grade Municipality | |
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 610xxx |
Telephone code | 914366 |
Vehicle registration | TN:50 |
Website | www.thiruvarur.in |
Thiruvarur (Tamil:
Thiruvarur was a part of
Etymology
The historic name of the town was Aaroor (Arur) and it finds mention in the seventh century saiva canonical work, Tevaram.[4] It was also called Śrīnagara in Sanskrit.[5]
The term Thiru is added to all temple cities that are mostly revered by the verses of Tevaram, which is the case of Arur becoming Thiruvarur. Another name of Thiruvarur is Kamalaalayasetra, meaning the "holy place that is an abode of lotuses"; the town is also referred so due to the presence of the Kamalaalayam tank and the temple deity, Kamalambigai.[6] During the British Raj, the town was termed Tiruvalur,[7] Tiruvaloor,[8] and Thiruvalur.[9] As per the district and municipality websites, the district has the spelling "Tiruvarur", while the town has it as "Thiruvarur".[10][11]
History
As per folk legend, Thiruvarur is mentioned as the capital town of a legendary Chola king,
Thiruvarur was one of the five traditional capitals of the Chola empire
Inscriptions from the temple indicate Thiruvarur as the capital of Kulothunga Chola I (1070–1120 CE), during which the town emerged a centre of saivism.
Geography
Thiruvarur is located at 9°17′N 79°18′E / 9.28°N 79.3°E.
Climate data for Thiruvarur, India | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.8 (98.2) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.1 (95.2) |
33.9 (93.0) |
31.7 (89.1) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.6 (83.5) |
32.5 (90.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29.9 (1.18) |
16.4 (0.65) |
20.1 (0.79) |
23.1 (0.91) |
41.9 (1.65) |
49.3 (1.94) |
63.1 (2.48) |
79.7 (3.14) |
96.5 (3.80) |
249.2 (9.81) |
549.5 (21.63) |
593.3 (23.36) |
1,403.9 (55.27) |
Source: [28] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1971 | 35,858 | — |
1981 | 43,654 | +21.7% |
1991 | 49,194 | +12.7% |
2001 | 56,341 | +14.5% |
2011 | 58,301 | +3.5% |
Sources:
|
During 1901, the population of the town stood at 15,436.[18] According to 2011 census, Thiruvarur had a population of 58,301 with a sex-ratio of 1,053 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[30] A total of 5,779 were under the age of six, constituting 2,888 males and 2,891 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 32% and .66% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 82.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[30] The town had a total of 14997 households. There were a total of 18,953 workers, comprising 672 cultivators, 960 main agricultural labourers, 318 in house hold industries, 15,596 other workers, 1,407 marginal workers, 47 marginal cultivators, 261 marginal agricultural labourers, 52 marginal workers in household industries and 1,047 other marginal workers.[1]
As per the religious census of 2011, Thiruvarur had 84.38%
The population growth rate was higher during the decade of 1981–90 due to increased provision of social, economic and recreational facilities that caused the rural population to migrate to urban areas.[32] The overall growth rate had declined over the last two decades due to poor returns in agriculture and increased migration of agricultural labourers to other urban centres.[32] The population density of the town is high in the centre and low in the peripheral regions.[32]
The town has 55% employed people; 12.7% are involved in primary occupations like agriculture, 2.8% in secondary occupations related to industries and 85% in tertiary occupations such as agricultural trading and tourism.[33] About 33% population of the town is involved in agriculture and most of them are involved in trading activities.[33] As per a survey conducted in 1997 by the Tamil Nadu Urban and Town Planning Department, 30 slums were identified in the town constituting 41% of the total population of the town.[32]
Economy
Thiruvarur lies in the
Being an agricultural town, the predominant industries are agriculture based like modern rice milling, palm oil refinery, poultry, live stock and coir based.[40] Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation operating a modern rice mill and South India Edible Oil involved in refining oil are the large scale industries in the town.[40] There are small service enterprises involved in automobile servicing, hotels, hospitals, boat repairing and nylon fishnet repairing.[41] There is a weekly market at Thanjai Salai and a daily market maintained by the municipality, where vegetables and fish are sold.[42]
Nationalized banks such as State Bank of India, Indian Bank, Central Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Indian Overseas Bank and private banks like ICICI Bank, City Union Bank have their branches in Thiruvarur.[43] Kumbakonam Co-operative Bank, Tiruvarur Co-operative Bank and Primary Agriculture Bank are the cooperative banks that have their branches in the town.[43] All these banks have their Automated teller machines located in various parts of the town.[43]
Transport
Thiruvarur municipality accommodates 94.06 km of roads: 54.9 km of BT roads, 10.91 km of metal roads, 9.48 km of cement roads and 18.75 km of highways.
Education and utility services
As of 2001, Thiruvarur has a lower literacy rate compared to other part of the state.[50] There are three government high schools out of a total of 15 schools in the town.[51] The Central University of Tamil Nadu, established by an act of parliament in 2009, provides collegiate education in the fields of arts and science.[52] There are five other arts and science colleges, one teacher training institute, three polytechnic colleges and two Industrial training institutes (ITI) in the town.[51]
Electricity supply to Thiruvarur is regulated and distributed by the Thiruvarur circle of
Thiruvarur comes under the Thiruvarur Telecom circle of the
Municipal administration and politics
Municipality officials | |
---|---|
Chairman | vacant[59] |
Commissioner | vacant[60] |
Vice Chairman | vacant[61] |
Elected members | |
Member of Legislative Assembly | Poondi K Kalaivaanan[62] |
Member of Parliament | Selvaraj[63] |
Until 1860, Thiruvarur was the headquarters of a
Thiruvarur comes under the
Thiruvarur is a part of the
Law and order in the town in maintained by the Thiruvarur sub division of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent.[82] There are three police stations in the town, one of them being an all-women police station.[83] There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police.[82]
Culture
The Thyagaraja temple
The ancient
Year | Pop. |
---|---|
2001 | 260,750 |
2002 | 275,900 |
2003 | 301,100 |
2004 | 321,400 |
Sources:
|
Music, dance and literature
Historically Thiruvarur has been a centre of eminent people in religion, arts and science. Sundarar, an eighth-century Saivite saint, mentions "I am the slave of all those born in Thiruvarur" in his works in Tevaram. Thiruvarur is home to Trinity of
Chariot festival
Notable people
- Bakthavathsalam – Mridangam player
- K. Balachander – Tamil film maker and director
- Muthuswami Dikshitar – Carnatic classical composer and part of trinity
- M. Karunanidhi – Five term chief minister of Tamil Nadu
- Syama Sastri – Carnatic classical composer and part of trinity
- Rajan Somasundaram – Music composer, multi-instrumentalist that created first ever music album on Sangam period poetry
- Tyagaraja – Carnatic classical composer and part of trinity
Notes
Footnotes
- ^ The official spelling, as per the municipality website is "Thiruvarur".
Citations
- ^ a b "Census India 2011". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ a b Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d e Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, p. 6.
- ^ Muthalam Thirumurai Translation 2012.
- ^ Govindan, V. (2 August 2008). "Guru Guha Vaibhavam: Dikshitar Kriti - Sri Nilotpala Naayike - Raga Naree Reethi Gaula". Guru Guha Vaibhavam. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ Dhere 2011, p. 53.
- ^ Hunter 1908, pp. 225–229.
- ^ Dodwell 1920, p. 48.
- ^ Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1833, p. 146.
- ^ a b MSME Development Institute 2012, p. 1.
- ^ a b c d e f About the town 2011.
- ^ a b Tamil Nadu Tourism 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f The Hindu & 16 July 2010.
- ^ a b c d Ayyar 1991, pp. 369–374.
- ^ a b c Vasudevan 2003, pp. 135–138.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ghose 1998, p. 59-60.
- ^ a b Ghose 1998, p. 58.
- ^ a b c d Francis 2002, p. 167.
- ^ Ayyar 1991, p. 215.
- ^ a b c Ayyar 1991, p. 375.
- ^ a b c d Dodwell 1920, p. 166.
- ^ Krishnapriya M & Vishnu Achutha Menon 2020.
- ^ a b Citizen's charter of Thiruvarur Municipality 2011.
- ^ a b Dhinagaran 2008, p. 3.
- ^ Dhinagaran 2008, p. 4.
- ^ a b Dhinagaran 2008, p. 1.
- ^ Agricultural contigency plan 2008, p. 4.
- ^ Climatology of Nagapattinam 2011.
- ^ Thiruvarur population 2011.
- ^ a b India population dashboard 2011.
- ^ "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, pp. 7–10.
- ^ a b Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, pp. 11–13.
- ^ a b Palanithurai & Ramesh 2008, p. 102.
- ^ Palanithurai & Ramesh 2008, pp. 103–104.
- ^ a b c Palanithurai & Ramesh 2008, p. 105.
- ^ MSME Development Institute 2012, p. 6.
- ^ Palanithurai & Ramesh 2008, p. 124.
- ^ Palanithurai & Ramesh 2008, p. 125.
- ^ a b Tiruvarur district industrial profile 2012.
- ^ MSME Development Institute 2012, p. 9.
- ^ Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, p. 30.
- ^ a b c Thiruvarur town Banks 2011.
- ^ Thiruvarur roads 2011.
- ^ a b c d The Hindu & 13 July 2012.
- ^ SETC Computer reservation centres 2004.
- ^ The Hindu & 15 July 2010.
- ^ a b c The Hindu & 2 July 2012.
- ^ Thiruvarur transport 2011.
- ^ a b Thiruvarur Municipality features 2011.
- ^ a b Thiruvarur schools 2011.
- ^ Central University of Tamil Nadu 2009.
- ^ TNEB region details 2011.
- ^ Thiruvarur water supply 2011.
- ^ Waste management programme 2011.
- ^ a b Thiruvarur sewarage 2011.
- ^ BSNL 2011.
- ^ a b Thiruvarur hospitals 2011.
- ^ Thiruvarur Municipality Chairman 2011.
- ^ Thiruvarur Municipality Commissioner 2011.
- ^ Thiruvarur Municipality Vice Chairman 2011.
- ^ a b MLA of Thiruvarur 2011.
- ^ a b MP of Nagapattinam 2014.
- ^ a b Commissionerate of Municipal Administration 2006.
- ^ Economic and political weekly 1995.
- ^ List of Assembly constituencies 2010.
- ^ Partywise Comparison Since 1977 2011.
- ^ The Hindu & 31 March 2009.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha.
- ^ Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha.
- ^ a b Thiruvarur district police 2011.
- ^ Thiruvarur police 2011.
- ^ Ghose 1998, p. 24.
- ^ Kersenboom-Story 1998, p. 17.
- ^ Ayyar 1991, p. 7.
- ^ a b c Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Kumar 2003, pp. 216–219.
- ^ Kersenboom-Story 1998, p. 41.
- ^ Krishnapriya M & Vishnu Achutha Menon 2020, p. 34.
- ^ Ghose 1998, p. 331.
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{{cite journal}}
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- "Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 85. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 85. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
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