Thixotropy
Thixotropy is a time-dependent
Some fluids are anti-thixotropic: constant shear stress for a time causes an increase in viscosity or even solidification. Fluids which exhibit this property are sometimes called rheopectic. Anti-thixotropic fluids are less well documented than thixotropic fluids.[2]
Natural examples
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Some clays are thixotropic, with their behavior of great importance in structural and geotechnical engineering. Landslides, such as those common in the cliffs around Lyme Regis, Dorset and in the Aberfan spoil tip disaster in Wales are evidence of this phenomenon. Similarly, a lahar is a mass of earth liquefied by a volcanic event, which rapidly solidifies once coming to rest.
Both cytoplasm and the ground substance in the human body are thixotropic, as is semen.[3]
Some clay deposits found in the process of exploring
A thixotropic fluid is best visualised by an oar blade embedded in mud. Pressure on the oar often results in a highly viscous (more solid) thixotropic mud on the high pressure side of the blade, and low viscosity (very fluid) thixotropic mud on the low pressure side of the oar blade. Flow from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the oar blade is non-Newtonian. (i.e., fluid velocity is not linearly proportional to the square root of the pressure differential over the oar blade).
Applications
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Many kinds of paints and inks—e.g.,
Thixotropic ink (along with a gas pressurized cartridge and special shearing ball design) is a key feature of the
Solder pastes used in electronics manufacturing printing processes are thixotropic.
Thread-locking fluid is a thixotropic adhesive that cures anaerobically.
Thixotropy has been proposed as a scientific explanation of blood liquefaction
Semi-solid casting processes such as
Fumed silica is commonly used as a rheology agent to make otherwise low-viscous fluids thixotropic. Examples range from foods to epoxy resin in structural bonding applications like fillet joints.
Etymology
The word comes from
See also
- Bingham plastic
- Calcium Sulfate
- Dilatant
- Kaye effect
- Nanocellulose
- Polymer
- Silly putty
References
- ISBN 978-0471238966.
- ^ PMID 19012872.
- ^ Hendrickson, T: "Massage for Orthopedic Conditions", page 9. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.
- ISBN 978-3527306732.
- ^ Garlaschelli, L; Ramaccini, F; Della Scala, S (1994). "The Blood of St. Januarius". Chemistry in Britain. 30 (2): 123.
- ^ Reiner, M; Scott Blair, G W (1967) in Eich, F. R., (ed) Rheology, Theory and Applications Vol 4 p 465 (Academic Press, NY)
External links
- The dictionary definition of thixotropy at Wiktionary