Thomas Andrews (scientist)
Thomas Andrews Phase transitions | |
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| Awards | Royal Medal (1844) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry Physics |
Thomas Andrews
Queen's University of Belfast
.
Life
Andrews was born in Belfast, Ireland, where his father was a
Trinity College, Dublin, where he gained distinction in classics as well as in science. Finally, at University of Edinburgh in 1835, he was awarded a doctorate in medicine.[1]
Andrews began a successful medical practice in his native Belfast in 1835, also giving instruction in chemistry at the Academical Institution. In 1845 he was appointed vice-president of the newly established
Queen's University of Belfast, and professor of chemistry there. He held these two offices until his retirement in 1879 at age 66.[1]
He died in 1885, and was buried in the Borough Cemetery in Belfast.
In 1842, Andrews married Jane Hardie Walker (1818–1899). They had six children, including the geologist Mary Andrews.[2]
Work
Andrews first became known as a scientific investigator with his work on the heat developed in chemical actions, for which the Royal Society awarded him a Royal Medal in 1844. Another important investigation, undertaken in collaboration with Peter Guthrie Tait, was devoted to ozone.[1]
His reputation mainly rests on his work with
Willard Gibbs cited these results in support of the Gibbs free energy equation. They also set off a race among researchers to liquify various other gases. In 1877-78 Louis Paul Cailletet was the first to liquefy oxygen.[6]
Selected writings
- Thomas Andrews, "The Bakerian Lecture: On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 159 (1869), pp. 575–590.
- Tait, P. G.; Crum Brown, A. (1889). The Scientific Papers of the Late Thomas Andrews. London and New York: Macmillan and Company. - Contains a biographical memoir of Andrews by Tait and Crum Brown
References
- ^ a b c d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Andrews, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 974.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-4979-2. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- JSTOR 109009.
- ^ Andrews coined the term "critical point" in 1869 in: Andrews, Thomas (1869) "The Bakerian lecture: On the continuity of the gaseous and liquid states of matter," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London), 159 : 575-590; the term "critical point" appears on page 588.
- JSTOR 23633496.
- PMC 3826198.
Further reading
Wikisource has the text of the Dictionary of National Biography 1901 supplement's article about Andrews, Thomas.
- Scott, E. L. (1970). "Andrews, Thomas". ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.
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