Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Not to be confused with Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk.

House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office
1514 – 21 May 1524
Hereditary Peerage
Preceded byThe 1st Duke of Norfolk
Succeeded byThe 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Personal details
Born1443
Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk
Died21 May 1524(1524-05-21) (aged 80–81)
Framlingham Castle, Suffolk
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1472; died 1497)​
​
(m. 1497)​
Children
Dorothy Stanley, Countess of Derby
11 more
Parents
(father)
  • Katherine Moleyns (mother)

    • Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

    King Henry VIII
    , then away in France.

    Early life

    Thomas Howard was born in 1443 at

    Sir William Moleyns (died 8 June 1425) and his wife Margery.[1] He was educated at Thetford Grammar School.[2]

    Service under Edward IV

    While a young man, he entered the service of King

    Duke of York, and Lady Anne Mowbray (died 1481).[3]

    Service under Richard III

    A painting by Mather Brown depicting Norfolk defending his allegiance to Richard III before Henry VII, after the Battle of Bosworth Field. The Tower of London is in the background.

    After the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483, Thomas Howard and his father John supported

    Battle of Bosworth in 1485, where Surrey was wounded and taken prisoner, and his father killed. Surrey was attainted in the first Parliament of the new King, Henry VII, stripped of his lands, and committed to the Tower of London
    , where he spent the next three years.

    Service under Henry VII

    Howard was offered an opportunity to escape during the rebellion of the

    earldom of Surrey, although most of his lands were withheld, and sent him to quell a rebellion in Yorkshire. Surrey remained in the north as the King's lieutenant until 1499.[3] He and his family lived in Sheriff Hutton Castle
    while in the North. In 1496/7 he was given a command against invading Scots and took his sons Thomas and Edward with him. Surrey knighted both of them on 30 September 1497 at Ayton Castle-the very same day the treaty of Ayton was signed.

    In 1499 he was recalled to court, and accompanied the King on a state visit to

    Katherine of Aragon's marriage to Arthur, Prince of Wales, and in 1503 conducted Margaret Tudor to Scotland for her wedding to King James IV.[3]

    Service under Henry VIII

    Howard augmentation of honour, awarded to Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk after the Battle of Flodden (1513): Or, a demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a double tressure flory-counterflory-gules, to be borne on the bend in the Howard arms
    Norfolk's Coat of arms with "Flodden augmentation"

    Surrey was an executor of the will of King Henry VII when the King died on 21 April 1509, and played a prominent role in the coronation of King

    James IV of Scotland launched an invasion into England, and Surrey, with the aid of other noblemen and his sons Thomas and Edmund, crushed James's much larger force at the Battle of Flodden, near Branxton, Northumberland, on 9 September 1513. The Scots may have lost as many as 10,000 men, and King James was killed. The victory at Flodden brought Surrey great popular renown and royal rewards. On 1 February 1514, at the age of 71, he was created 2nd Duke of Norfolk, his late father's title, and his son Thomas was made Earl of Surrey. Both were granted lands and annuities, and the Howard arms were augmented in honour of Flodden with an inescutcheon bearing the lion of Scotland pierced through the mouth with an arrow,[3]
    within a double tressure flory-counterflory-gules, an emblem of the Scottish royal arms on rare occasion granted by Scottish kings to a favoured follower as a special mark of favour. The grant by Henry VIII to Howard was thus a blatant heraldic insult to the kings of Scotland.

    Final years

    In the final decade of his life, Norfolk continued his career as a courtier, diplomat and soldier. In 1514 he joined Wolsey and Foxe in negotiating the marriage of

    retainers into London to suppress the Evil May Day riots. In May 1521 he presided as Lord High Steward over the trial of his in-law Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. According to David M. Head, "he pronounced the sentence of death with tears streaming down his face".[3]

    By the spring of 1522, Norfolk was almost 80 years of age and in failing health. He withdrew from court, resigned as

    Church of St. Mary at Lambeth.[citation needed
    ]

    Marriages and issue

    Right: Elizabeth Tilney, first wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. On her kirtle, she displays her paternal arms Azure a chevron between three griffin's heads erased or (Tilney) and on her mantle the quartered arms of Howard (1&4: Gules a bend between six cross crosslets fitchy argent (Howard); 2&3: grand quarterly first and fourth Brotherton second and third Mowbray). Below is inscribed in Latin: Elizabeta nat(a) Tilney ux(or) Thomae Howard ("Elizabeth born Tilney wife of Thomas Howard"). Left: Elizabeth Talbot de Mowbray, Duchess of Norfolk. Stained glass in Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford, Suffolk

    On 30 April 1472, Howard married

    Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, and widow of Sir Humphrey Bourchier, slain at Barnet, son and heir apparent of Sir John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners.[5]
    They had issue:

    Norfolk's first wife died on 4 April 1497, and on 8 November 1497 he married, by dispensation dated 17 August 1497, her cousin, Agnes Tilney, the daughter of Hugh Tilney of Skirbeck and Boston, Lincolnshire and Eleanor, a daughter of Walter Tailboys. They had issue:

    Note: Thomas Howard indeed had two living daughters named Elizabeth Howard and two living sons named Thomas Howard. It is unclear if he had two sons named Richard as well or if it was the same person. In the Dukes of Norfolk family tree, there is clearly a mistake. Richard Howard is there linked to Agnes Tilney (2nd wife of Thomas Howard), yet is said to born in 1487, which is impossible to be true, as at the time Thomas Howard was married to Elizabeth Tilney.

    Sketch of the grave of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. He was originally buried at Thetford St. Mary's Priory Church, but was removed by his son after the dissolution of that house in 1537, and may have been moved to Lambeth, but no trace of his tomb was to be found when John Aubrey visited there in the 1690s. The church itself was substantially rebuilt.

    Family

    Ancestors

    Family tree

    Footnotes

    1. ^ Richardson 2004, pp. 236, 504; Cokayne 1936, pp. 41, 612
    2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Richardson 2004, p. 236
    3. ^ a b c d e f g Head 2008.
    4. ^ Head 2008; Cokayne 1936
    5. ^ Richardson 2004, pp. 141, 236; Cokayne 1912, pp. 153–154
    6. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 236; Loades 2008
    7. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 236;Warnicke 2008
    8. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 236; Hughes 2007
    9. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 236; Gunn 2008.
    10. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 237
    11. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 237; Riordan 2004
    12. ^ Weir 1991, p. 619
    13. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 237; Cokayne 1916, pp. 209–211
    14. ^ Richardson 2004, p. 237; Cokayne 1945, pp. 244–245
    15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 267-74.
    16. ^ a b c d e f g h i Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 523–5.
    17. ^ Alleged daughter of Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord and Margaret de Vere (Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 523.)

    References

    Attribution:

    Further reading

    • Harris, Barbara. "Marriage Sixteenth-Century Style: Elizabeth Stafford and the Third Duke of Norfolk," Journal of Social History, Spring 1982, Vol. 15 Issue 3;
    • Head, David M. Ebbs & Flows of Fortune: The Life of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk (1995), 360pp; the standard scholarly biography of the third duke

    Tucker, Melvin J., "The Life of Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey and second Duke of Norfolk (1964), 170pp' out of print but the only serious biography

    External links

    Political offices
    Preceded by Lord High Treasurer
    1501–1522     		Succeeded by
    Preceded by
    The Duke of York
    		 Earl Marshal
    1509–1524     		Succeeded by
    Peerage of England
    Preceded by Duke of Norfolk
    3rd creation
    1514–1524     		Succeeded by
    New creation Earl of Surrey
    3rd creation
    1483–1514
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