Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
Thomas | |
---|---|
Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln (m. 1294; div. c. 1318) | |
Father | Edmund Crouchback |
Mother | Blanche of Artois |
Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (c. 1278 – 22 March 1322) was an English nobleman of the first
Early life and marriage
Thomas was the eldest son of Edmund Crouchback and Blanche of Artois, Queen Dowager of Navarre and niece of King Louis IX of France. Crouchback was the son of King Henry III of England.[1] Through his mother, Thomas was a half-brother of Queen Joan I of Navarre.
His marriage to
Earl of Lancaster
On reaching full age he became hereditary
He served in the
Lancaster was one of the
After the disaster at Bannockburn in 1314, Edward submitted to Lancaster, who in effect became ruler of England. He attempted to govern for the next four years, but was unable to keep order or prevent the Scots from raiding and retaking territory in the North. In 1318 his popularity with the barons declined and he was persuaded "to accept a diminished authority."[4]
Death
The new leadership, eventually headed by
Lancaster was tried by a tribunal consisting of, among others, the two
Upon his death, his titles and estates were forfeited, and the Scots, whom Lancaster gained aid from in his rebellion, mainly to weaken the English in their war, seized the opportunity to take his inheritance in the Great Raid of 1322. In 1323, his younger brother Henry successfully petitioned to take possession of the earldom of Leicester, and in 1326 or 1327 Parliament posthumously reversed Thomas's conviction, and Henry was further permitted to take possession of the earldoms of Lancaster, Derby, Salisbury and Lincoln.
Soon after Thomas's death, miracles were reported at his tomb at Pontefract, and he became venerated as a
On 23 March 1822, Thomas's remains were discovered in a large stone coffin buried in a field in the parish of Ferry Fryston.[6] In 1942 it was reported by E. J. Rudsdale that some of Thomas's bones had been found in a box at Paskell's auctioneers in Colchester, Essex, having been removed from Pontefract Castle in 1885.[7]
Titles and lands
From his father, Thomas inherited the
. ByArms
Inherited from his father, Thomas bore the arms of the kingdom,
Genealogical table
Thomas was closely related to both the
Footnotes
- ^ a b c Maddicott 2008.
- ^ Warner, Kathryn (2018). Blood Roses (1st ed.). Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. p. 120.
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 3 January 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
- ISBN 9781317400400. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
- ^ Maddicott 1970, p. 312.
- ^ GENUKI: The Ancient Parish of FERRY FRYSTON. Accessed 31 January 2023.
- ^ Rudsdale, E. J. "WW2: A Civilian in the Second World War: 31st January 1942: The Earl of Lancaster's Bones".
- ^ Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, English Monarchs, Retrieved 13 September 2015
- ^ "marks of cadency in the British royal family". heraldica.org.
- ^ Maddicott 1970, p. 3.
References
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27195. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Maddicott, J. R. (1970). Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: A study in the reign of Edward II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821837-1.
- Watson, G.W. (1895). "The Seize Quartiers of the Kings and Queens of England". In H.W. Forsyth Harwood (ed.). The Genealogist. New Series. Vol. 11. Exeter: William Pollard & Co.
Further reading
- JSTOR 572908.
- ISBN 978-0-224-06249-7.