Thulium(III) chloride
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IUPAC name
Thulium(III) chloride
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Other names
Thulium chloride, thulium trichloride
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ECHA InfoCard
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100.033.535 |
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PubChem CID
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RTECS number
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
TmCl3 | |
Molar mass | 275.292 g/mol |
Appearance | yellow crystals |
Density | 3.98 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 824 °C (1,515 °F; 1,097 K) |
Boiling point | 1,490 °C (2,710 °F; 1,760 K) |
heptahydrate: very soluble | |
Solubility | heptahydrate: very soluble in ethanol[1] |
Structure | |
Monoclinic, mS16
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C12/m1, No. 12 | |
6[2] | |
Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of (ΔfH⦵298)formation |
-966.6 kJ/mol[3] |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Irritant |
GHS labelling:[4] | |
Warning | |
H315, H319, H335 | |
P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Thulium(III) oxide |
Other cations
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Erbium(III) chloride Ytterbium(III) chloride Thulium(II) chloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Thulium(III) chloride or thulium trichloride is as an inorganic salt composed of
AlCl3) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions.[5] It has been used as a starting material for some exotic nanostructures prepared for NIR photocatalysis.[6][7]
Preparation
Thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by reacting thulium(III) oxide or thulium(III) carbonate and ammonium chloride:[8]
- Tm2O3 + 6 NH4Cl → 2 TmCl3 + 6 NH3 + 2 H2O
The hexahydrate of thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by adding thulium(III) oxide to concentrated hydrochloric acid.[1][8]
- 2 Tm + 6 HCl → 2 TmCl3 + 3 H2
Thulium(III) chloride can also be obtained by directly reacting thulium and chlorine:[9]
- 2 Tm + 3 Cl2 → 2 TmCl3
Properties
Thulium(III) chloride is a light yellow powder. Its hexahydrate is a light green hygroscopic solid.monoclinic crystal structure with the space group C2/m (No. 12) corresponding to that of aluminum(III) chloride.[10][8]
Thulium(III) chloride reacts with strong bases to make thulium(III) oxide.
References
- ^ a b Spencer, James F. (1919). "The Metals of the Rare Earths". New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 152. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ "Chemistry: Periodic Table: Thulium: compound data (thulium (III) chloride)". WebElements. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^
Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 512. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ "Thulium trichloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ISBN 0-19-855370-6
- ^ a b Sigma-Aldrich Co., Thulium(III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.99% trace metals basis.
- PMID 27808315.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-432-87813-3.
- ^ Webelements: Thulium
- ^ ISBN 978-3-540-60035-0.