Tianjin dialect
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (June 2011) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Tianjin | |
---|---|
天津话 Tiānjīnhuà | |
Native to | People's Republic of China |
Region | City of Tianjin Sabah, Malaysia |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
ISO 639-6 | tjin |
Glottolog | tian1238 |
IETF | cmn-u-sd-cntj |
The Tianjin dialect (
Characteristics
The Tianjin dialect is classified under Jilu Mandarin, a subdivision of Mandarin Chinese dialects also spoken in Hebei and Shandong provinces.[1] Despite Tianjin being a neighbor of Beijing, its dialect sounds very different from the Beijing dialect, which is the basis for Standard Chinese.
The tones of the Tianjin dialect correspond to those of the Beijing dialect (and hence Standard Chinese) as follows:
Tone name | 1 Yin Ping | 2 Yang Ping | 3 Shang | 4 Qu |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tianjin | ˨˩ (21) | ˧˥ (35) | ˩˩˧ (113) | ˥˧ (53) |
Beijing | ˥ (55) | ˧˥ (35) | ˨˩˦ (214) | ˥˩ (51) |
The differences are minor except for the first tone: Where it is high and level in Beijing, it is low and falling in Tianjin. All words with the first tone, including the name "Tianjin", are affected, giving the Tianjin dialect a downward feel to people from Beijing.
The Tianjin dialect also includes four tone sandhi rules, more than the Beijing dialect. They are,
- Tone 1 + Tone 1 → Tone 3-Tone 1: 天津 tiān jīn is pronounced /tǐanjīn/ (using Pinyin tone diacritics)
- Tone 3 + Tone 3 → Tone 2-Tone 3: 水果 shuǐ guǒ is pronounced /shuíguǒ/ (as in Standard)
- Tone 4 + Tone 4 → Tone 1-Tone 4: 現在 xiàn zài is pronounced /xiānzài/
- Tone 4 + Tone 1 → Tone 2-Tone 1: 上班 shàng bān is pronounced /shángbān/[2][3]
There are some other patterns that differentiate the Tianjin dialect from the Beijing dialect. One is the pronunciation of 饿 (餓) as wò (臥) instead of è.
Lastly, the Tianjin dialect lacks the retroflex consonants (捲舌音) prevalent in Beijing, not unlike Taiwanese Mandarin. Thus, zh (ㄓ) becomes z (ㄗ), sh (ㄕ) becomes s (ㄙ), ch (ㄔ) becomes c (ㄘ), and r (ㄖ) becomes y (一) — that is, 人 is pronounced yěn instead of rén, and 讓 is pronounced yàng (樣) instead of ràng. However, the use of the -er (儿) diminutive is common in the Tianjin dialect, as it is throughout the north and northeast. (See: Erhua.)
Chinese speakers commonly stereotype the Tianjin dialect as aggressive- or confrontational-sounding, though it is not difficult for speakers of other Mandarin dialects to understand.
See also
- List of Chinese dialects
References
- ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
- ISBN 0-521-652723.
- ISBN 0-19-511880-4.
Further reading
- Li, Qian & Chen, Yiya & Xiong, Ziyu (2019). "Tianjin Mandarin". Illustrations of the IPA. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 49 (1): 109–128. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000287), with supplementary sound recordings.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link