Tianzhu (India)

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Tianzhu
Chinese name
Hanyu Pinyin
tiānzhú
Wu
RomanizationThi-tsoq
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingTin1-zuk1
Southern Min
Hokkien POJThian-tiok
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinesetʰen ʈɨuk̚
Old Chinese
Zhengzhang*qʰl'iːn tuɡ
Korean nameHangul천축Hanja天竺Japanese nameKanji天竺Hiraganaてんじく
Look up 天竺 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Part of a series on
Historical Chinese exonyms


Tianzhu was referred to as Wutianzhu (

Southern India.[1]

Etymology

Originally pronounced as l̥induk

𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 h-i-du-u-š (Hindu),[3] which is itself derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš, the etymon also of Sanskrit Sindhu, the native name of the Indus River. Persians travelling in northwest India (present-day Pakistani Sindh and Punjab) named the subcontinent after the river around the 6th century BC.[4] Tianzhu is just one of several Chinese transliterations of Sindhu. Yuāndú[5] (身毒 OC n̥i[ŋ][d]ˤuk) appears in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian and Tiandu (天篤) is used in the Book of the Later Han.[6] Yintejia (印特伽) comes from the Kuchean Indaka, another transliteration of Hindu.[4]
The western terms of Hindu and India also ultimately derive from the same Persian concept.

Extent

A detailed account of Tianzhu is given in the "Xiyu Zhuan" (Record of the Western Regions) in the Hou Hanshu compiled by Fan Ye (398–445):

"The state of Tianzhu: Also, named Yuandu, it lies several thousand li southeast of

Da Qin [the Roman Empire], and [so] has the exotica of Da Qin.[7]
"

Other languages

In Japan, Tianzhu was pronounced as Tenjiku. It is used in such works as the Japanese translation of Journey to the West.

In Korea, Tianzhu was pronounced as Cheonchuk. It is used in Wang ocheonchukguk jeon (An Account of Travel to the Five Indian Kingdoms), a travelogue by the 8th century Buddhist monk Hyecho from the Korean Kingdom of Silla.

See also

References

  1. ^ Cheung 2014, p. 179.
  2. ^ Arjuna. "「身毒」的「身」字该怎样读？". 知乎.
  3. ^ ""竺"的基本信息". 古今文字集成.
  4. ^ a b Cheung 2014, p. 181.
  5. ^ "词语"身毒"的解释". 汉典 zdic.net.
  6. OCLC 884445990
    .
  7. OCLC 881183919.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link
    )
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