Tibareni

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Iris
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The Tibareni (Greek: Τιβαρηνοί,

Scythian origin,[2][3][4][5] but modern scholars generally identify them as proto-Kartvelian.[6][7][8] Tabalians are often thought to represent the same ethnic group.[9]

Tibareni occupied the country between the

Ancient Greek: Τιβαρηνία).[1]
They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus.
Cotyura as their principal town.[11][12] They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.[2][5][13] Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.[14] Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.[15][16][17][18]

All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the

19th satrapy.[citation needed][19]

See also
Tibarenia in a map of the voyage of the Argonauts by Abraham Ortelius, 1624

References

  1. ^ a b c Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, § T622.6
  2. ^ a b Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010
  3. ^ Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 5.5.2.
  4. ^ Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
  5. ^ a b Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v. Τιβαρηνία.
  6. ^ Rapp, S. H., & Crego, P. (2011). Languages and cultures of Eastern Christianity. Ashgate.
  7. ^ Morritt, R.D. (2010) Stones that Speak. EBSCO ebook academic collection. Cambridge Scholars Pub.](9781443821766) p.99
  8. ^ Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Georgetown University Press. p. 56.
  9. ^ a b Lorenzo D'alfonso. "Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE." 2012. p. 185. https://www.academia.edu/2951102/Tabal_an_out_group_definition_in_the_first_Millennium_BCE
  10. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 3.94.
  11. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xi. p.527. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  12. ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 6.4.
  13. ^ Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 12; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.19.
  14. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 7.78.
  15. ^ Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 7.8.25.
  16. ^ Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library). Vol. 14.30.
  17. ^ Dionys. Per. 767; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.2.
  18. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  19. ^ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. p. 19.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tibareni". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

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