Tikrit
Tikrit
تِكْرِيت | |
---|---|
City | |
Coordinates: 34°36′36″N 43°40′48″E / 34.61000°N 43.68000°E | |
Country | Iraq |
Governorate | Saladin |
Government | |
• Mayor | Omar Tariq Ismail |
Elevation | 137 m (449 ft) |
Population (2012) | |
• Total | 160,000 |
|
Tikrit (
Originally a fort during the Assyrian empire, Tikrit became the birthplace of Muslim military leader Saladin. It was the birthplace of Saddam Hussein and the city from where a significant portion of those he appointed to government roles originated during the time of Ba'athist Iraq until the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.[3] After the invasion, the city has been the site of conflict, culminating in the Second Battle of Tikrit from March through April 2015, which resulted in the displacement of 28,000 civilians.[4] The Iraqi government regained control of the city from the Islamic State on March 31, 2015 and has been at peace since then.[5]
History
Bronze Age to Hellenistic period
As a fort along the Tigris (Akkadian: Idiqlat), the city is first mentioned in the Fall of Assyria Chronicle as being a refuge for the Babylonian king Nabopolassar during his attack on the city of Assur in 615 BC.[6]
Tikrit is usually identified as the
Christian presence
Until the 6th century, Christianity within the
The city remained predominantly
From the ninth century Christians of Tikrit began to migrate northwards due to restrictive measures taken by some Muslim governors. Many settled in
Regardless, the city remained an important center of the Syriac Orthodox Church until its destruction by Timur in the late 14th century. A Christian presence has not existed in the city since the 17th century.[10]
Byzantine to Ottoman periods
The town was also home to the
Tikrit was briefly controlled by the
The Arab Uqaylid dynasty took hold of Tikrit in 1036.
Saladin was born there around 1138.[13] The modern province of which Tikrit is the capital is named after him.
The city was devastated in 1393 by Timur. During the Ottoman period Tikrit existed as a small settlement that belonged to the Rakka Eyalet; its population never exceeded 4,000–5,000.[10]
World War I and after
In September 1917, British forces captured the city during a major advance against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
The Tikriti Jewish community was mostly gone by 1948. By the time Saddam Hussein rose to power there were only two Jewish families in the city.
The city is the birthplace of
Iraq War of 2003 and aftermath
In the opening weeks of the
However, during the subsequent
After the fall of
During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, AFN Iraq ("Freedom Radio") broadcast news and entertainment within Tikrit, among other locations.
On November 22, 2005, HHC 42nd Infantry Division New York Army National Guard, handed over control of Saddam Hussein's primary palace complex in Tikrit to the governor of Saladin Province, who represented the Iraqi government. Discontinuing the existence of what once was FOB Danger. The palace complex had served as a headquarter for U.S. 4th Infantry Division, U.S. 1st Infantry Division, and 42nd Infantry Division. The palace complex now serves several purposes for the Iraqi police and army, including headquarters and jails. The U.S. military subsequently moved their operations to al Sahra Airfield, later known as Camp Speicher, northwest of Tikrit.
Saddam Hussein's primary palace complex contained his own palace, one built for his mother and his sons and also included a man-made lake, all enclosed with a wall and towers. Plans for the palace grounds when originally returned to the Iraqi people included turning it into an exclusive and lush resort. However, within weeks of turning over the palace, it was ravaged, and its contents, (furniture, columns, even light switches), were stolen and sold on the streets of Tikrit.
The 402nd Civil Affairs Detachment of the U.S. Army, and the government of Salah ad Din province, began plans to improve local economic conditions. One of the many projects they are working on is building an industrial vocational school in the Tikrit area. The school will teach local people skills in different fields of technology, which will help to build and improve Iraq's economic stability.[16] The curriculum will educate men and women in multiple occupational fields such as the production of high-tech products, plastic production technology, masonry, carpentry, petroleum equipment maintenance and repair, farm machinery and automotive repair. This self-supporting educational institution owns a textile mill where many of the graduates will work producing uniforms. The mill is scheduled to begin producing and selling products within the year, with the profits from the mill going to fund the school. The vocational school's operation, support and funding are modeled after a system South Korea used in another part of Iraq.[16]
On April 18, 2010,
ISIL insurgence (2011-15)
The Islamic State of Iraq launched an attack on March 29, 2011 that killed 65 people and wounded over 100.[19] Reuters news agency included the attack in its list of deadliest attacks in 2011.[20]
On June 11, 2014, during the
On September 25, 2014,
In March 2015, the
Notable people
Saladin (1137 – 1193), was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (1914 – 1982), Iraqi politician who served as the president of Iraq, from 17 July 1968 to 16 July 1979.
Geography
Tikrit is about 160 kilometers (99 mi) north of
The city is located within the semi-undulating area. It penetrates the branch and valleys and ends with very sloping slopes towards the Tigris River, with a height ranging between 45–50 meters.
Climate
Climate data for Tikrit, Iraq | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
40.9 (105.6) |
43.7 (110.7) |
43.7 (110.7) |
39.1 (102.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
29.8 (85.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
29.2 (84.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
37.1 (98.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
26.9 (80.4) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.9 (76.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
17.0 (62.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 35 (1.4) |
31 (1.2) |
30 (1.2) |
19 (0.7) |
5 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
11 (0.4) |
25 (1.0) |
33 (1.3) |
189 (7.4) |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
68 | 57 | 38 | 29 | 20 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 27 | 47 | 63 | 34 |
Source 1: Climate-Data.org (altitude: 109m)[30] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: SunMap[31] |
Culture and community
The Tikrit Museum was damaged during the 2003 Iraq War.[32][33]
The University of Tikrit was established in 1987 and is one of the largest universities in Iraq.
Military facilities
The
Transportation
The city of Tikrit has two small airports; Tikrit East Airport and Tikrit South Airport.[citation needed]
Gallery
-
Tikrit Old Town
-
Tikrit Old Town
-
Modern-day view of the Monastery at Tikrit
References
- ^ Philip Gladstone (10 February 2014). "METAR Information for ORSH in Tikrit Al Sahra (Tikrit West), SD, Iraq". Gladstonefamily.net. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ^ "Iraqis – with American help – topple statue of Saddam in Baghdad". Fox News. 9 April 2003.
- ^ Batatu, Hanna. "Class Analysis and Iraqi Society." Arab Studies Quarterly Volume 1, No.3 (1979). 241.
- ^ "Islamic State crisis: Thousands flee Iraqi advance on Tikrit". BBC News. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Iraq hails victory over Islamic State extremists in Tikrit - Times Union". www.timesunion.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
- ^ Bradford, Alfred S. & Pamela M. With Arrow, Sword, and Spear: A History of Warfare in the Ancient World. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. Accessed 18 December 2010.
- ^ Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, s.v. Birtha
- ISBN 978-1-139-82687-7. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
- ^ "88- Marutha of Takrit (d. 649)". SyriacStudies.com. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
- ^ ISBN 9789004112117. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-85244-633-1. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-297-86333-5.
- ^ Malcolm Lyons and D.E.P. Jackson, "Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War", pg. 2.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- ^ "Major combat over". The Age. 15 April 2003. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
- ^ a b "New Vocational School and Textile Mill Boost Economy - DefendAmerica News Article". defendamerica.mil. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
- ^ "Al Qaeda's two top Iraq leaders killed in raid". Reuters. April 19, 2010.
- ^ "Iranian-backed Shiite militias lead Iraq's fight to retake Tikrit - The Long War Journal". 4 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ "Two journalists among scores killed in insurgent operation in Tikrit". IFEX. 30 March 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ Cutler, David (23 February 2012). "Timeline: Deadliest attacks in Iraq in last year". Reuters. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ^ Fassihi, Farnaz (13 June 2014). "Iran Deploys Forces to Fight al Qaeda-Inspired Militants in Iraq". Wall Street Journal. Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ http://rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/011120148 [bare URL]
- ^ "Survivors from the Speicher massacre: We were 4000 unarmed soldiers fell into the hands of ISIS". Buratha News Agency (in Arabic). 7 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
- ^ "ISIS, Saddam's men or a third party who killed 1700 soldiers in camp Speicher in Iraq?". CNN Arabic (in Arabic). 10 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
- ^ "Iraqi forces withdrawn from militant-held Tikrit after new push". Reuters. July 16, 2014.
- ^ "Rebels repel Iraqi attempt to retake Tikrit". Al Jazeera. 16 July 2014.
- ^ "Islamists Destroy 7th Century Church, Mosque in Tikrit, Iraq". 25 September 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- NY Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ Shewchuk, Blair. "SADDAM OR MR. HUSSEIN?" (Archive). CBC News. February 2003. Retrieved on June 24, 2014.
- ^ a b "Climate: Tikrit - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
- ^ "Weather in Asia, Iraq, Muḩāfaz̧at Şalāḩ ad Dīn, Tikrit Weather and Climate". Retrieved 2014-02-22.
- ^ Iraq - The cradle of civilization at risk ( Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ Another war casualty: archeology ( Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ ملعب صلاح الدين الأولمبي سعة 30 ألف متفرج يدخلُ مرحلةً جديدةً من العمل مع الفندق, alnahar.news