Timeline of Galician history

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Paleolithic

Mesolithic

  • 10th millennium BC
    • The
      deglaciation
      that weakens the rigorous conditions of the Ice Age.
    • End of
      Upper Palaeolithic
      and beginning of the Mesolithic period.
    • The populations sheltered in Iberia, descendants of the
      R1b
      haplogroup populations (still dominant, in variant degrees, from Iberia to Scandinavia).
    • Azilian culture in southern France and northern Iberia (to the mouth of the Douro river).

Neolithic

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Gallaecia province of the Roman Empire

  • 197 BC
  • 139 BC
    • The Roman Senate deems Fabius Servilianus' actions unworthy of Rome, and sends Servilius Cipianus to defeat the rebellious tribes of Hispania.
    • In Hispania Ulterior, Servilius Cipianus, with the aid of Marcus Pompilius Lenas' armies, severely defeat the Lusitanians and oblige Viriathus to take refuge north of the Tagus river and surrender hostages, such as his son father-in-law, Astolpas.
    • Servilius Cipianus armies also attack the Vettones and the Gallaecians.
  • 138 BC
    • First big Roman campaign deep inside present Portuguese territory led by Praetor Decimus Junius Brutus, governor of Hispania Ulterior. Decimus Junius Brutus, having at his back a pacified southern Lusitania (modern Alentejo and Algarve), established headquarters in the Valley of the Tagus (probably in the site of the Castle of Almourol) and had the allied city of Olissipo (modern Lisbon) fortified before advancing north, destroying settlements as he went.
    • The city of Olissipo (modern Lisbon) sends men to fight alongside the Roman legions against the Celtic tribes of the Northwest.
  • 137 BC
    • Praetor Decimus Junius Brutus advances further north, mainly along the coastline, and establishes a fortified position in the area of modern Viseu.
    • The Roman legions cross the Douro river and enter the territory of the Gallaecians.
    • The Roman legions reluctantly cross the Lima (Lethes) river, only after Decimus Junius Brutus crossed alone and called for them, thus proving he had not lost his memory.
  • 136 BC
    • Roman legions under Praetor Decimus Junius Brutus reach the
      Minho
      river, but do not cross it for fear of losing their memories.
    • Decimus Junius Brutus lays siege and conquers the city of Talabriga, thus defeating the Gallaecians. After the military campaigns, the Roman legions departed south and left no garrisons.
    • The Roman Senate grants Praetor Decimus Junius Brutus the title Callaicus for his campaigns in Gallaecia.
  • 105–102 BC - After the
    Germanic Teutons and Cimbri plunder through all north Iberia as far as Gallaecia, before moving out and being defeated in the battles of Aquae Sextiae and Vercellae
    .
  • 96–94 BC - Publius Licinius Crassus, Governor of Hispania Ulterior, leads a military expedition to the Northwest and finds the source mines of tin.
  • 74 BC - Probable expedition to Cale (in Gallaecia, near the modern city of
    Marcus Perperna Vento
    .
  • 61 BC
    • Julius Caesar is assigned to serve as the Propraetor governor of Hispania Ulterior.
    • Julius Caesar attacks the Lusitanian areas between the Tagus and the Douro rivers, from his headquarters in Scallabis (modern Santarém).
    • Julius Caesar personally conducts an important naval expedition to the shores of Gallaecia in which he would arrive to Brigantium (currently A Coruña).
  • 60 BC - Julius Caesar wins considerable victories over the Gallaecians and Lusitanians. During one of his victories, his men hailed him as Imperator in the field, which was a vital consideration in being eligible for a triumph back in Rome.
  • 27 BC
  • 28–24 BC
  • 3rd century
  • 238 - The unified province
    Tarraconensis
    or Hispania Citerior is reestablished. Asturias and Gallaecia are again part of it.

Suevi Kingdom of Gallaecia

  • 409 - Invasion of the NW of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Gallaecia) by the
    Foedus
    ) from the Romans for their settlement there in Gallaecia. It was the first kingdom separated from the Roman Empire that minted coins.
  • 411 - A treaty with
    Flavius Augustus Honorius grants Lusitania to the Alans, Gallaecia to the Suevi and Hasdingi, and Baetica to the Silingi
    .
  • 415 - Baquiário, priest of Braga, writes his work De fide, where he retracts from Priscillianism heresy.
  • 417 - Balconius becomes bishop of Braga.
  • 419 - The Hasdingi Vandals attack the Suevi, these resist with Roman aid.
  • 428 - The Alans defeat the Suevi and the Romans at the Battle of Mérida.
  • 438 - Hermeric, the first Suevi king of Gallaecia, ratified the peace with the Galaicos people and, tired of fighting, abdicated in favor of his son Rechila.
  • 448 - Suevi king Rechila dies leaving a state in expansion to his son Rechiar who imposed his Catholic faith on the Suevi population.
  • 454 - The Ibero-Roman population ask for the help of King Theodoric II of the Visigoths against Suevi incursions.
  • 456
    • King Theodoric II of the Visigoths defeats the Suevi at the Battle of Orbigo and sacks their capital city Braga.
    • Suevi king
      Minius
      is noticed, probably a consequence of the two tribes, Quadi and Marcomanni, who constituted the Suevi nation.
  • 457 - Maldras becomes king of all the Suevi.
  • 459 - After the death of King Maldras of the Suevi, a new division appears between Frumar and Remismund.
  • 463 - Remismund unites the Suevi and becomes king.
  • 468
    • The Roman city of Conímbriga, near modern Coimbra, is sacked by the Suevi.
    • Lusídio, Roman governor of Lisbon, delivers the city to the Suevi.
  • 469 - Theodemund becomes King of the Suevi.
  • 470 - King Euric of the Visigoths conquers southern Gallaecia and Lusitania to the Suevi.
  • 501 - Council (Ecumenical Synod) of Braga.
  • 550
    • Karriarico
      becomes King of the Suevi.
    • Saint
      Dume
      , where he built a monastery.
  • 559 - Theodemar becomes King of the Suevi.
  • 561 - Council (Ecumenical Synod) of Braga. The solemn conversion of the Suevi is proclaimed.
  • 562 - Saint Martin of Dumes becomes Bishop of Braga.
  • 569 - Council (Ecumenical Synod) of Lugo, which established the See of Britonia (Britonensis ecclesia) for Celtic migrants from post-Roman Britain.[2]
  • 570
    • Miro
      becomes King of the Suevi.
    • King Liuvigild of the Visigoths begins military actions with the explicit purpose of conquering all of Hispania.
  • 572 - Council (Ecumenical Synod) of Braga.
  • 583 - Eboric (also called Eurico) becomes King of the Suevi.
  • 584
    • Andeca
      becomes King of the Suevi.
    • The Visigothic King Liuvigild invades the Suevic kingdom and finally defeats it.
  • 585 -
    Andeca
    , the last king of the Suevi, holds out for a year before surrendering to the Visigothic King Liuvigild. With his surrender, this branch of the Suevi vanished into the Visigothic kingdom.

Gallaecia province inside Visigothic Kingdom

  • 589 - Pantardus becomes bishop of Braga.
  • 633 - Julian becomes bishop of Braga.
  • 653 - Potamius becomes bishop of Braga.
  • 656 -
    St. Fructuosus of Dumes
    becomes bishop of Braga.
  • 663 - Council (Ecumenical Synod) of Braga.
  • 675
    • Leodegisius becomes bishop of Braga.
    • Council (Ecumenical Synod) of Braga.
  • 681 - Liuva becomes bishop of Braga.
  • 688 - Faustinus becomes bishop of Braga.
  • 693 - Félix becomes bishop of Braga.

Félix of Braga was the last bishop of Braga to reside there until 1070, due to the Moorish invasion. His successors established themselves in Lugo (Galicia).

Kingdom of Asturias/Gallaecia

Kingdom of Galicia inside Kingdom of León

1032 Bermudo III of León, deprived of the capital city of Leon, retreated into Galicia.

Kingdom of Galicia inside Crown of Castile

Kingdom of Spain / Republic of Spain / Francoist Spain

Autonomy of Galicia inside Kingdom of Spain

See also

References

  1. ^ "Los celtas que colonizaron Gran Bretaña procedían de Galicia". 21 September 2006. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  2. ^ Alberro, Manuel (2008). "Celtic Legacy in Galicia". E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. 6: 20. Archived from the original on 2023-03-30. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  3. ^ Muruais, Perfecto Conde (20 April 1978). "Santiago y La Coruña se disputan la capitalidad de Galicia | España | EL PAÍS". El País. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  4. ^ Britannica 1910.
  5. ^ a b Archived copy Archived 2020-10-30 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "El futuro de la primera línea del ferrocarril de Galicia está en peligro". 20 November 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  7. ^ "El ferrocarril cumple 135 años". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  8. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2020-06-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ Real Decreto-lei 7/1978, polo que se aproba o réxime preautonómico para Galicia (BOE nº 66, de 18.03.1978) [1] Archived 2012-02-01 at the Wayback Machine e Real Decreto 474/1978, polo que se desenvolve o Real Decreto-lei 7/1978 (BOE nº 66, de 18.03.1978) [2] Archived 2012-02-01 at the Wayback Machine.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Peninsular War". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.