Timeline of Havana
The following is a timeline of the history of Havana, Cuba.
Prior to 18th century
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Governorate of Cuba (1511–1519) |
Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821) |
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Captaincy General of Cuba (1607–1898) |
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Republic of Cuba (1959–) |
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- 1514 – Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds settlement.
- 1519 – Current location of the city
- 1537 – Town sacked.[1]
- 1555 – Town sacked by Jacques de Sores.[2]
- 1577 – Castillo de la Real Fuerza built.
- 1578 – Church of Santo Domingo built.[3]
- 1589 – Governor's residence relocated to Havana from Santiago de Cuba.[1]
- 1591 – Basilica Menor de San Francisco de Asisbuilt.
- 1592 – City status granted.[4]
- 1607 – Havana becomes capital of Cuba.[5]
- 1608 – San Agustin church built.[1]
- 1630 – San Salvador de la Punta Fortress built.[citation needed]
- 1640 – Morro Castle built.[1]
- 1644 – Convent of Santa Clara founded.[4][6]
- 1648 – Epidemic.[4]
- 1668 – Church of San Francisco de Paula (Havana) construction begins.[citation needed]
- 1688 – Recollect Dominicans of Santa Cataline de Siena founded.[6]
- 1693 – San Felipe church built.[1]
- 1700
18th century
- 1702 – City walls built.[1]
- 1704 – Jesuit college built.[1]
- 1728 – Royal and Pontifical University of Saint Jerome established (University of Havana).[7]
- 1748 – Battle of Havana.
- 1762 – Battle of Havana; British in power.[8]
- 1763 – 6 July: Spanish in power per Treaty of Paris (1763).[9]
- 1767 – Castillo de Atarés built.[3]
- 1768
- 1772 – Paseo del Prado laid out (approximate date).[citation needed]
- 1774 – La Cabaña fortress built.
- 1775 – El Coleseo (theatre) built on the Alameda de Paula.[4]
- 1777 – Cathedral of Havana built.[4]
- 1780 – Castle del Príncipe built.[1]
- 1781 –
- Hospital de San Lazaro, Havana
- 1787 – Roman Catholic diocese of San Cristóbal de la Habana established.[12]
- 1789 – Bishopric established.[1]
- 1791 – Population: 51,307.[1]
- 1792
- Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País de la Habana established.[7]
- Palace built.[1]
- 1794
- Consulado (merchant guild) established.[13]
- La Casa de Beneficencia y Maternidad de La Habana[1]
- 1799
- Bateria de Santa Clara, 1799 File:Battery of Santa Clara areal. Havana, Cuba.jpg
19th century
- 1806 – Espada Cemetery|
- 1810 – Hurricane.[1]
- 1811 – Population: 94,023.[1]
- 1813 – El Lucero de la Habananewspaper begins publication.
- 1817
- Botanical Gardens established.[14]
- La Piña de Plata eatery in business.
- 1828 – El Templete built in the Plaza de Armas.[1]
- 1832 – El Noticioso y Lucero de la Habananewspaper begins publication.
- 1834 – President's Palace built.[3]
- 1835
- Fernando VII aqueduct constructed.[1]
- Mercado de Cristina (market) built on Plaza Vieja.[15]
- 1837 – Railway (Havana-Bejucal), Mercado de Cristina, and city jail[1] constructed.
- 1838 – Teatro Tacón opens.[4]
- 1840 – Plaza del Vapor
- 1841 – Population: 184,508.[1]
- 1844
- Liceo Artistico y Literario de la Habana (lyceum) founded.[16][17]
- Palacio de Aldama built.[18]
- 1846 – Great Havana Hurricane.
- 1847 – Premiere of Bottesini's opera Cristoforo Colombo.[19]
- 1853
- Susini cigarette factory in operation.[20]
- Revista de la Habana literary magazine begins publication.[4]
- 1854 – Colegio de Belén founded.[7]
- 1856 – Hotel Inglaterra built.[14]
- 1861 – Royal Academy of Medical, Physical, and Natural Sciences established.[7][21]
- 1863
- Fuente de la India (fountain) installed in Parque Central.
- City walls dismantled.
- 1868
- El Ansador Comercial begins publication.[1]
- Colon Cemetery inaugurated.[22]
- 1871 – 27 November: Students executed.[3](es)
- 1876 – Hotel Pasaje built.[23]
- 1877
- 1878
- Acueducto de Albearinaugurated.
- City becomes part of La Habana Province.
- 1880 – Colegio de Abogados de La Habana (bar association) founded.[7]
- 1881 – Jane Theater-Circus built.[14]
- 1882 – School of arts and trades opens.[1]
- 1884 – La Lucha newspaper begins publication.[1]
- 1888 – La Discusion newspaper begins publication.[1]
- 1889 – Population: 200,000.[25]
- 1890 – Alhambra Theatre opens.[26]
- 1894 – Manzana de Gómez built.[14]
- 1898 – 15 February:
- 1899
20th century
1900s–1940s
- 1901
- 1902
- 1905 – Petroleum refinery in operation.[1]
- 1907
- 1908
- Partido Independiente de Color (political party) founded in Havana.[29]
- Bohemia magazine begins publication.[30]
- Hotel Sevilla built.
- 1909 – Hotel Plaza[14]constructed.
- 1910 – Pimp Alberto Yarini is killed in the San Isidro barrio of Old Havana.
- 1913
- National Museum of Fine Arts of Havana founded.
- El Heraldo de Cuba newspaper begins publication.[31]
- 1917
- 1919
- 1920
- Museum of the Revolution (Presidential Palace before 1959) built.[14]
- Biblioteca Municipal (library)[33] and Ruston Academy[34] established.
- 1923 – Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus built.
- 1925 Colegio de Belen, designed by Leonardo Morales y Pedroso is built.
- 1927 – Regina Theatre[26] and Centro Asturiano open.[14]
- 1928
- January–February: Pan-American Conference held in Havana.
- Teatro Auditorium[4]inaugurated.
- 1929 – National Capitol Building constructed.[4]
- 1930
- Hotel Nacional de Cuba opens.
- Rancho Boyeros Airport begins operating.
- Bacardi Building constructed.[35]
- 1934 – Orquesta de Cámara de La Habana (musical group) formed.[30]
- 1938 – Office of the Historian of Havana created; Emilio Roig de Leuchsenring becomes city historian.[36]
- 1939
- Tropicana Club in business.
- Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame inaugurated.
- Lyceum and Lawn Tennis Club formed.[34]
- 1945 – International Air Transport Association founded in Havana.
- 1946
- Havana Conference held.
- Manuel Fernandez Supervielle becomes mayor.[citation needed]
- 1947
- 1948 – Cuban National Ballet founded.
1950s–1990s
- 1952 – 1952 Cuban coup d'état
- 1953 – Iglesia de Jesús de Miramar (church) and Embassy of the United States built.
- 1954 – Cuban general election
- 1956 – FOCSA Building.
- 1957
- 13 March: Presidential Palace Attack.
- Plaza Cívica.[10]
- Coliseo de la Ciudad Deportiva (arena) opens.
- 13 March:
- 1958
- November: Rafael Guas Inclán elected mayor.
- José Martí Memorial erected in Plaza Cívica.
- 1958 Cuban general election
- Andrés Rivero Agüero is the last democratically elected president of Cuba under the 1940 Constitution.
- 1959
- January: Revolutionary forces take city.[37]
- Instituto Nacional de Ahorro y Vivienda (housing agency) headquartered in Havana.[38]
- Plaza del Vapor demolished by the Castro government.[39]
- Plaza Cívica renamed "Plaza de la Revolución".
- 1960 – International Ballet Festival of Havana begins.
- 1961
- Cuban Ministry of the Interior headquartered in Havana.
- Instituto Tecnico Militarestablished.
- 1962 – Cuban National Ballet School established.
- 1963 – Cuban Journalists Union headquartered in Havana.[40]
- 1964
- archbishop of Havana.
- Population: 940,700 city; 1,517,700 urban agglomeration.[41]
- 1965
- Palacio de la Revolución in use as headquarters of the Communist Party.
- International School of Havana established.
- 1968 – Jardín botánico Nacional de Cuba (garden) established.[42]
- 1970 – Population: 1,008,500 city; 1,751,216 urban agglomeration.[43]
- 1971 – Danza Contemporanea de Cuba active.
- 1975 – December: 1st Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba held in Havana.
- 1976 – San Miguel del Padrón administrative municipalitiescreated.
- 1977 – Ministerio de Cultura de la República de Cuba's Editorial Letras Cubanas publishing house headquartered in Havana.[40]
- 1978 – City hosts World Festival of Youth and Students.
- 1979
- Havana Film Festival begins.
- Palacio de las Convenciones built.
- 1982
- Old Havana designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[5]
- Havana International Book Fair begins.
- 1983 – Centro de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Sociológicas headquartered in Havana.
- 1984 – Havana Biennial Art Exhibition begins.
- 1987
- Grupo para el Desarrollo Integral de la Capital (urban planning group) formed.[10]
- Russian embassy built.[44]
- Instituto de Historia de Cuba headquartered in Havana.
- 1991
- Estadio Panamericano (stadium) opens.
- 1991 Pan American Games held in Havana.
- 1993 – Population: 2,175,888 city (estimate).[45]
- 1994
- August 1994 protest in Cuba.
- Bán Rarra group active.[46]
- Meliá Cohiba Hotel in business.
- 1998 – January: Catholic Pope visitsHavana.
- 1999 – Population: 2,189,716 city; 2,891,500 province.[40]
21st century
- 2001 – Ballet Rakatan founded.
- 2003
- Damas de Blancoprotest begins.
- Juan Contino Aslán becomes mayor.[47]
- 2005 – December: World Trade Union Congress held in city.[48]
- 2011
- April: 6th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba held in Havana.
- Marta Hernández Romero becomes mayor.
- 2012 – Population: 2,105,291.[49]
- 2014
- Fábrica de Arte Cubano cultural space established.
- Population: 2,121,871.[50]
- 2015
- January:
- September: Catholic pope visits city.[52]
- 2016
- March: U.S. president Obama visitsHavana.
- 7 April: Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba held in Havana.
- March: U.S. president Obama
- 2019
- An EF4 tornado seriously damage the city and kills at least three.[53]
- Havana's celebrates its 500th anniversary of founding.[54]
- 2022 – Hotel Saratoga explosion
See also
- History of Havana
- Timeline of Cuban history
- Timelines of other cities in Cuba: Camagüey, Cienfuegos, Guantánamo, Holguín, Matanzas, Santiago de Cuba
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Britannica 1910.
- ISBN 978-1-85743-118-6.
- ^ a b c d Baedeker 1909.
- ^ a b "Old Havana and its Fortification System". World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ a b c John James Clune (2001). "A Cuban Convent in the Age of Enlightened Reform: The Observant Franciscan Community of Santa Clara of Havana, 1768–1808". The Americas. 57.
- ^ .
- ^ "Timelines: History of Cuba from 1492 to 2008", World Book, USA
- ^ Morse 1797.
- ^ a b c Scarpaci et al. 2002.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Cuba". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ISBN 9780765682680
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lejeune 1996.
- ^ Barclay 1993.
- ^ Ramírez 1891.
- ^ Joaquín Llaverías Martínez [in Spanish] (1944), Catálogo de los fondos del Liceo Artístico y Literario de la Habana (in Spanish), Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba
- ^ Philippou 2014.
- ISBN 0935859926)
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- S2CID 143229761.
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- ^ Fornias 1996.
- OCLC 3153821
- ^ Karl August Zehden (1889), Commercial Geography, London: Blacke & Son, Limited
- ^ OL 10227809M, 0252033310
- ^ "On This Day", The New York Times, retrieved 1 June 2015
- S2CID 145625074.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-134-78852-1.
- ^ Sanger 1919.
- .
- ISSN 1024-9435
- ^ a b "Cuban Heritage Collection". University of Miami Libraries. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ^ "Mexico and Central America, 1900 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
- ^ "Oficina del Historiador" (in Spanish). Havana: Dirección de Patrimonio Cultural. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
- ^ a b Cuba Profile: Timeline, BBC News, 12 September 2012, retrieved 1 September 2015
- .
- ^ "Los proyectos inconclusos o fracasados de Fidel Castro". Retrieved 2020-01-18.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85743-121-6.
- Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ "Garden Search: Cuba". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Demolition dreams: the world's 'worst' buildings", Financial Times, London, 31 October 2014
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
- ISBN 978-1-62674-684-8.
- ^ "El alcalde invisible". El Mundo (in Spanish). Spain. 2 November 2009.
- ISBN 978-1-135-35590-6.
- ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2013. United Nations Statistics Division.
- ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2014. United Nations Statistics Division.
- )
- ^ Cuba: Pope Francis celebrates Mass before thousands, BBC News, 20 September 2015
- ^ "Cuba tornado: Three killed and more than 170 injured in Havana as deadly cyclone hits capital". The Independent. 28 January 2019. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
- ^ Staff writer (19 April 2019). "Culture celebrates Havana's 500th Anniversary". The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Retrieved 20 March 2021.
Bibliography
Published in the 18th–19th century
- in English
- Jedidiah Morse (1797), "Havannah", The American Gazetteer, Boston: S. Hall, and Thomas & Andrews
- R. H. Bonnycastle (1819). "Havannah". Spanish America. Philadelphia: A. Small.
- C. D. Tyng (1868), The Stranger in the Tropics: Being a Hand-book for Havana, New York: American News Co.
- OCLC 541085
- Abel Linares (1899). Cuba, an illustrated guide book on the island. Havana: Wilson's International Book Store.
- Jose de Olivares (1899), "Havana: the Key of the New Possessions", Our Islands and Their People as Seen with Camera and Pencil, vol. 1, USA: N.D. Thompson, pp. 19–32 – via Internet Archive
- Albert James Norton (1900), Norton's Complete Hand-book of Havana and Cuba, Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co., OL 13488445M
- in Spanish
- Ordenanzas municipales de la ciudad de La Habana (in Spanish). Imprenta del gobierno y capitania general. 1855.
- José María de la Torre (1857). Lo que fuimos y lo que somos, o, La Habana antiqua y moderna [Havana, Past and Present] (in Spanish). Spencer y Compania.
- Jacobo de la Pezuela (1863). "Habana: Historia". Diccionario geografico, estadístico, historico, de la isla de Cuba (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Madrid: Mellado. – via HathiTrust. (chronology)
- "Profesiones de la Isla de Cuba: Provincia de la Habana", Directorio Hispano-Americano (in Spanish), Habana: Caine y Carricaburu, 1879, – via HathiTrust
- Serafín Ramírez (1891). La Habana Artística: Apuntes Históricos (in Spanish). Habana: Capitania General.
Published in the 20th century
in English
- "Havana". hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1fj2r624.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - José Toribio Medina (1904). La imprenta en La Habana (1707–1810) (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Elzeviriana – via HathiTrust. (Annotated list of titles published in Havana, arranged chronologically)
- "Havana", The United States, with Excursions to Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, and Alaska (4th ed.), Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1909
- Charles B. Reynolds (1909), "Havana", Standard Guide to Cuba, Havana: Foster & Reynolds, OCLC 21914222
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 76–78. .
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Havana", – via Hathi Trust
- New York Public Library (1912). "Cuba: History and Description: Havana (City)". List of Works Relating to the West Indies. USA. pp. 170–74.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - J.W. Sanger (1919), "Publications in Habana", Advertising Methods in Cuba, Special Agents Series, Washington DC: United States Department of Commerce, pp. 226 v,
- U.S. Merchant Marine, Social Service Bureau (1920). "Havana, Cuba". Seaman's Handbook for Shore Leave(2nd ed.). Boston: Custom House.
- Walker Evans: Havana 1933. Thames and Hudson. 1989.
- Juliet Barclay (1993). Havana: Portrait of a City. Cassell Illustrated. ISBN 978-1-84403-127-6.
- Sergio Díaz-Briquets (1994). "Cuba". In Gerald Michael Greenfield (ed.). Latin American Urbanization: Historical Profiles of Major Cities. Greenwood Press. pp. 173–87. ISBN 0313259372. (Includes profile of Havana)
- Trudy Ring and Robert M. Salkin, ed. (1995). "Havana". Americas. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. pp. 279+. ISBN 978-1-134-25930-4.
- Jean-François Lejeune, John Beusterien and Narciso G. Menocal (1996). "The City as Landscape: Jean Claude Nicolas Forestier and the Great Urban Works of Havana, 1925–1930". Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts. 22. ISSN 2326-4632.
- Carlos Venegas Fornias, Narciso G. Menocal and Edward Shaw (1996). "Havana between Two Centuries". Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts.
in Spanish
- "Gremios de la Habana", Directorio mercantil de la Isla de Cuba (in Spanish), Habana: Imprenta 'Avisador Comercial', 1901, hdl:2027/nyp.33433016910840 – via HathiTrust + Directoria de las calles de la Habana (etc.)
- "Republica Cubana: Habana". Anuario del comercio, de la industria, de la magistratura y de la administracion de España, sus colonias, Cuba, Puerto-Rico y Filipinas, estados hispano-americanos y Portugal (in Spanish). Vol. 4. Madrid: Bailly-Bailliere e Hijos. 1908. pp. 14–220. .
- Eusebio Leal Spengler(1988). La Habana, ciudad antigua (in Spanish). Editorial Letras Cubanas.
Published in the 21st century
in English
- Joseph L. Scarpaci; ISBN 0807827002.
- Joseph L. Scarpaci (2002). "Havana: the dynamics of local executive power". In David J. Myers; Henry A. Dietz (eds.). Capital City Politics in Latin America: Democratization and Empowerment. Lynne Rienner. ISBN 978-1-58826-040-6.
- Mario Coyula Cowley; Jill Hamberg (2003). "The Case of Havana, Cuba". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London.
- Antoni Kapcia (2005). Havana: The Making of Cuban Culture. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-85973-837-5.
- Luc J. A. Mougeot, ed. (2005). "(Havana)". Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. ISBN 978-1-55250-186-3.
- Dick Cluster; Rafael Hernández (2006). The History of Havana. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-60397-4.
- Alfredo José Estrada (2007). Havana: Autobiography of a City. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-11466-2.
- Anke Birkenmaier; Esther Katheryn Whitfield, eds. (2011). Havana Beyond the Ruins: Cultural Mappings After 1989. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822350521.
- Matthew J. Hill (2012). "Future of the Past: World Heritage, National Identity, and Urban Centrality in Late Socialist Cuba". In Marina Peterson; Gary McDonogh (eds.). Global Downtowns. City in the Twenty-First Century. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0805-4.
- Adriana Premat (2012). Sowing change: the making of Havana's urban agriculture. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 9780826518583.
- City Journal, New York
- Francisco Sùrez Viera (2014). "Port of Havana: The Gateway of Cuba (1850-1920)". In Miguel Bosa Suirez (ed.). Atlantic Ports and the First Globalisation c. 1850–1930. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-32798-7.
- Guadalupe Garcia (2015). Beyond the Walled City: Colonial Exclusion in Havana. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-96137-1.
- Naomi Larsson (5 September 2016), "Havana's dirty truths", The Guardian, Cities
- Helen F. Wilson (2016). "Encountering Havana: texts, aesthetics and documentary encounters". In Jonathan Darling; Helen F. Wilson (eds.). Encountering the City: Urban Encounters from Accra to New York. Routledge. p. 203+. ISBN 978-1-317-14395-6.
in Spanish
- Leopoldo Fornés Bonavía (2003). Cuba, cronología: cinco siglos de historia, política y cultura (in Spanish). Madrid: ISBN 978-84-7962-248-0. (chronology)
- Lilian B. Vizcaino Gonzalez (2003). "La Habana (Provincia/Ciudad)". In Louis A. Pérez; ISBN 0822941953.
- Gabino Ponce Herrero (2007). "Crisis, posmodernidad y planificación estratégica en La Habana" [Crisis, postmodernity and strategic planning in Havana]. Anales de Geografía (in Spanish). 27. ISSN 1988-2378.
- ISBN 978-607-9275-36-5.
- Styliane Philippou (2014), "La Habana del siglo xix: 'Todo lo sólido se desvanece en el aire'" (PDF), Revista Quiroga (in Spanish), no. 5, Dialnet (bibliographic database)]
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Havana.
- "(Havana)" – via Digital Library of the Caribbean.
- "Historical Maps of the Americas: Havana". Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection. USA: University of Texas at Austin.
- "Havana", American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection, USA – via University of Wisconsin, ca. 1849–2005
- Items related to Havana, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
- Items related to Havana, various dates (via Europeana)
- Images of Havana, various dates (via New York Public Library)
- "Buenas Prácticas: Cuba". Biblioteca Ciudades para un Futuro más Sostenible (Library: Cities for a Sustainable Future) (in Spanish). Superior Technical School of Architecture of Madrid. (includes articles about Havana)