Timeline of LGBT history in Canada

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a timeline of notable events in the history of the

bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community in Canada. For a broad overview of LGBT history in Canada see LGBT history in Canada
.

1600s

1800s

  • 1810: Alexander Wood, a merchant and magistrate in York (which will become Toronto in 1834), is embroiled in a sex scandal when he investigates a rape case by personally inspecting the penises of the suspected assailants for a scratch left by the woman who filed the rape charge.[6]
  • 1832: Pvt. Flowers, an infantryman, is sentenced to death for having sex with another man.[7] His case remains virtually unknown until the premiere of mixed media artist HAUI's short dance film Private Flowers in 2023.[7]
  • 1838: George Herchmer Markland, a member of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada, is forced to resign his seat after facing allegations of making sexual advances towards other men.[8]
  • 1842: Patrick Kelly and Samuel Moore, the first two men in Canada historically recorded as having been criminally convicted of
    sentenced to death, although their sentences are commuted on August 22; Moore is released from prison in 1849 and Kelly is released in 1853.[9]
  • 1869: Buggery is no longer punishable by death in Canada, replaced instead by a maximum punishment of life in prison.

1900–1950s

1918

1943

  • In the Montreal literary magazine
    homoerotic themes and accusing Anderson of "some sexual experience of a kind not normal".[11] Although Anderson would in fact come out as gay later in life, he was married to a woman at the time; he threatened to sue, and First Statement printed a retraction in its following issue.[11]

1949

  • Egan v. Canada, begins writing letters to newspapers and magazines protesting depictions of homosexuality and calling for reform of laws regarding homosexual Canadians.[12] He writes his letters until 1964, when he and his partner move to British Columbia.[12]

1960s

The RCMP, throughout the late 1950s and the entirety of the 1960s, kept tabs on homosexuals and the patrons of gay bars in Ottawa and other cities. The force also worked with the FBI's own surveillance of homosexuals and alerted the FBI when a suspected homosexual had crossed the border to the United States.

1962

  • Jackie Shane, a rhythm and blues singer from Toronto, has a chart hit with "Any Other Way".[13] The song's lyrics include an explicit and deliberate play on the dual meaning of the word "gay". Shane, who performed in female clothing despite being male-identified at the time, would later come out as transgender, although this was not confirmed on the record by a media outlet until 2017.

1963

  • The RCMP
    Second Red Scare) produced a map of Ottawa replete with red dots marking all alleged residences and frequent visitations of homosexuals. However, the map was soon filled with red ink and was disposed, and after two larger maps of the city being used to a similar purpose and outcome, the mapping soon ended.[14]

1964

1965

  • Winter Kept Us Warm, a gay-themed independent film by David Secter, becomes the first English Canadian film to be given a screening at the Cannes Film Festival.
  • Poet Edward A. Lacey publishes The Forms of Life, credited as the first volume of openly gay-identified poetry in Canadian literature.[18]
  • gross indecency
    " after admitting to a police investigator that he had consensual sex with men.

1967

  • Writer Scott Symons publishes Place d'Armes, one of the first notable gay novels in Canadian literary history.[19]
  • John Herbert's play Fortune and Men's Eyes, an important landmark in the history of both LGBT literature and general Canadian theatre, premieres at the Actors Playhouse in New York City.[20]
  • December 21: Justice Minister
    no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation
    ."

1969

  • May 14: Canada decriminalizes homosexual acts between consenting adults with the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Act first introduced in December 1968. It receives royal assent on June 27.
  • October 24: The first meeting of the University of Toronto Homophile Association is held.

1970s

1970

1971

  • August 28: We Demand Rally, Canada's first gay public protest, occurs in Ottawa on Parliament Hill.[25]
  • November 1:
    The Body Politic begins publishing.[26]

1972

1973

1974

1975

  • The collective responsible for publication of The Body Politic formally incorporates as Pink Triangle Press.[26]
  • Maurice Richard, one of Canada's first-ever out gay male politicians, is elected mayor of Bécancour, Quebec. Contemporary biographical sources indicate that he came out as gay sometime during his term as mayor, but are not clear about what year this occurred in.
  • March 4: The "Ottawa Sex Scandal" begins when eighteen gay men, the owner and several customers of a modelling agency and dating service, are arrested and charged with sexual offences. Their names are released by police and published by the press; at least one of the men, Warren Zufelt, commits suicide on March 18 because of his outing.
  • April: The Aquarius bathhouse in Montreal is firebombed.[41] The perpetrators are never found or arrested.[41] Three customers die in the resulting fire; two of them are buried in anonymous graves because their bodies are never identified or claimed by their families.[41]
  • June: Gay Information and Resources Calgary (GIRC) was founded[42][43]
  • July 7: A Gay Caucus is formed at the national convention of the New Democratic Party, marking the first LGBT-oriented committee within a mainstream political party in Canada.
  • September 22: University of Saskatchewan graduate student Douglas Wilson is barred from working as a teaching assistant because of his participation in the gay liberation movement.

1976

1977

  • The Canadian film Outrageous!, starring drag queen Craig Russell, becomes one of the first gay-themed films ever to break out into mainstream theatrical release.
  • March 14: Windsor, Ontario becomes the third city in Canada to pass a motion banning discrimination against city employees on the basis of sexual orientation.
  • May 9:
    Canadian Forces
    to challenge a discharge from the military on the grounds of her sexuality.
  • June 2: Out of the Closets, an LGB-oriented television program, airs on the Skyline Cable and Ottawa Cable
    community channels in Ottawa.[46] The series is produced by Gays of Ottawa, who subsequently also launch a French language edition on the cable company in Hull.[47]
  • June 9: Two openly gay candidates, Therese Faubert of the League for Socialist Action in Brampton and Frank Lowery of the Ontario New Democratic Party in Scarborough North, are on the ballot in the 1977 Ontario provincial election.[48]
  • August:
    Emanuel Jaques
    by three men, resulting in media coverage which unfairly paints the entire gay community as pedophiles.
  • September 20: The television program
    community channel, the series airs on all three of Metro Toronto's major cable providers: Maclean-Hunter, Rogers and Metro Cable.[49] After the first episode Rogers backs out of airing the show on the grounds of alleged complaints about its content, although due to pressure from the LGBT community the company reinstates the program three weeks later.[47]
  • October: Two gay establishments in Montreal, Mystique and Truxx, are raided.[50] A protest organized the next day attracts 2,000 participants. By December, the province of Quebec becomes the second jurisdiction in the world, behind only Denmark, to pass a law banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.[50]
  • November: The Body Politic publishes Gerald Hannon's article "Men Loving Boys Loving Men", resulting in a five-year legal battle over whether the magazine was guilty of publishing "immoral, indecent or scurrilous material".[26]

1978

1979

1980s

1980

  • Gay activist George Hislop runs for a seat on Toronto City Council in the 1980 municipal election.[57] He finishes third in the race for Ward 6 on November 10.
  • October 31: For the first time, a police presence protects gay spectators and
    Hallowe'en
    show at Toronto's St. Charles Tavern.
  • December: At the last caretaker meeting of Tecumseh, Ontario's municipal council following the 1980 municipal elections, outgoing reeve and unsuccessful mayoral candidate Cameron Frye acknowledges that he is gay.[58] The campaign had been marked by rumours about Frye's sexuality, including the distribution of hate literature claiming that Frye would promote a "gay lifestyle" as mayor and would lead the town into "moral decay",[59] although Frye refused to address the rumours about his sexuality during the campaign.[31]

1981

1982

  • Demographic and economic changes begin to shift
    rue Sainte-Catherine.[50]

1983

1984

1985

1986

  • Activist
    Egan v. Canada is initiated.[66]
  • November 9: Raymond Blain is elected to Montreal City Council in the 1986 municipal election. He is often mistakenly credited as the first openly gay politician ever elected to office in Canada,[67] as a couple of earlier openly gay candidates (e.g. Maurice Richard in 1985) were not widely reported by national media at the time of their elections.

1987

  • February: Pink Triangle Press ceases publication of The Body Politic.[26]
  • August 2: Winnipeg holds its first-ever Pride, with a turn-out of 250 LGB community members, supporters, and allies. The inaugural Pride Winnipeg was one of the first Pride celebrations in Western Canada, following Vancouver in 1979 and Edmonton in 1980. Some the first participants of this event actually wore paper bags over their heads out of fear of rallying in public. The event has since grown to a vibrant, annual festival with an attendance of 35,000.[68]

1988

1989

  • March 19: Joe Rose, a young gay activist in Montreal, is stabbed to death by a gang of teenagers who targeted him for having pink hair. The incident later inspires educator Michael Whatling, who had been a classmate of Rose's at the time of his death, to publish A Vigil for Joe Rose, an exploration of the struggles faced by LGBT students.[71]
  • August 21: Alain Brosseau, a straight man in Ottawa, is attacked by a gang of teenagers who wrongly assumed he was gay, while walking home from his job at the Château Laurier.[72] The attackers chase him through Major's Hill Park to the Alexandra Bridge, and then throw him off the bridge resulting in his death.[72] This results in an LGBT community outcry and eventually leads to the formation of the Ottawa Police Service's LGBT Liaison Committee two years later.[72]
  • November: Glen Murray is elected as the first openly gay member of Winnipeg City Council. He was well known for his leadership in successful LGBTQ+ human rights campaigns & AIDS activism.

1990s

1990

  • July: Montreal's Sex Garage after-hours party is raided, politicizing an entire generation of queer activists[73]
  • August 4 - August 11:
    1990 Gay Games
    .
  • August: The term two-spirit is officially established at the third annual Native American/First Nations Gay and Lesbian Conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba.[74]
  • Chris Lea wins the leadership of the Green Party of Canada, becoming the first openly gay leader of a political party in Canada.[75]

1991

1992

1993

  • Pink Triangle Press launches
    Xtra! West in Vancouver.[26]
  • In reaction to the Sex Garage raid of 1990, Divers/Cité is launched as Montreal's annual pride festival.[81]
  • Following the death of Michael Boncoeur in 1991, his longtime close friend Lynn Johnston introduces a gay character to her comic strip For Better or For Worse to help combat anti-gay stereotypes and discrimination.[82]
  • February 25: A Supreme Court of Canada case, Canada (AG) v Mossop, rules against Brian Mossop's appeal after he is denied employment leave to attend the funeral of his partner Ken Popert's father.[83] Despite the ruling, the case is significant as the first Supreme Court case to explicitly take up a question of LGBT equality rights.
  • July 12: Unknown persons toss three
    Xtra! the following night.[84]
  • October 16: CBC Radio's The Inside Track, a documentary series about social and cultural issues in sport, airs "The Last Closet", a one-hour special on homophobia in sports. The episode is noted for featuring voice-filtered interviews with two anonymous gay Canadian athletes who were not yet prepared to officially come out; they would later be revealed as Mark Leduc and Mark Tewksbury.[85]
  • March 1993: In the precedent-setting Ontario Human Rights Commission case Waterman vs. National Life, insurance company National Life is ordered to pay $23,390 in damages to Jan Waterman, a part-time employee who had an offer of full-time employment with the company rescinded after she came out as lesbian.[86]

Dubbed the beginning of LGBTQ+ official legal rights history in Ontario & is still used as a test case in the government publication “Teaching Human Rights in Ontario”.

1994

1995

  • March: The Ontario Human Rights Commission finds that Hamilton, Ontario mayor Bob Morrow's refusal to proclaim Pride Week in 1991 is discriminatory, ordering him to pay $5,000 in damages to the city's Gay and Lesbian Alliance and to issue the proclamation in 1995.[87] Morrow issues a proclamation for 1995,[88] but concurrently announces that he will cease issuing any further civic proclamations for any events at all.[89]
  • July: Diane Haskett decides not to proclaim Gay Pride, and subsequently is sued by the Homophile Association of London Ontario (HALO). In 1997, she was found guilty of discrimination as a result of the lawsuit.[90]
  • unknown date: The Nu West Steam Bath in
    New Westminster, British Columbia is raided by its new landlords, who enter the premises and cause damage with the express intention of evicting the facility from their property.[84]
  • May 25: In the
    Egan v. Canada decision, the Supreme Court of Canada rules that freedom from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is a protected right under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[91] Despite this, the court rules against Jim Egan on the issue of spousal pension benefits that was the core of the case,[91] finding that the restriction of spousal benefits was a justified infringement on the grounds that the core purpose of the benefits was to provide financial support to women who had spent their lives as housewives and mothers without earning their own independent income.[91]

1996

  • The
    alternative high school program for at-risk LGBT youth.[65]
  • The Global Television Network-produced game show Love Handles, a Canadian version of The Newlywed Game, faces some controversy for including same-sex couples among its contestants.[92]
  • May: During debate on Bill C33, which would formally add sexual orientation to the Canadian Human Rights Act, two Reform Party MPs, David Chatters and Bob Ringma, are suspended from the party caucus after making controversial comments.[93] Ringma is quoted as saying that employers should have the right to move openly gay employees to "the back of the shop" if their presence offends the business's customers, while Chatters asserts that schools should have the right to fire openly gay teachers.[93] A third Reform Party MP, Jan Brown, is also suspended at the same time for publicly criticizing Chatters and Ringma. All three are readmitted to the Reform caucus by September.
  • June 20: Bill C33 receives
    Royal Assent
    .
  • November 27: At the
    Genie Award for Best Motion Picture.[94]

1997

1998

1999

  • May: The
    Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Arts Council, Telefilm Canada and the Ontario Film Development Corporation,[102] with party critics demanding to know why the government was funding what it called "lesbian porn".[103]
  • June 3: George Smitherman is elected in the Ontario provincial election, becoming Ontario's first openly gay MPP.
  • The
    National Archives of Canada release previously sealed personal papers from former Ottawa mayor Charlotte Whitton, 24 years after her death. The released documents include a series of intimate personal letters between Whitton and Margaret Grier, a woman with whom Whitton lived in a Boston marriage until Grier's death. The release of these papers sparked much debate in the Canadian media about whether Whitton and Grier's relationship could be characterized as lesbian, or merely as an emotionally intimate friendship between two unmarried women.[104]

2000s

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

  • March 24: Gay Ontario MPP Dominic Agostino dies of cancer. Controversy results when initial media reports of his death state that he was married to a woman.[112]
  • August 13: Police raid the Warehouse baths in Hamilton, Ontario.[84]

2005

2006

2007

  • April 16: 103.9 Proud FM, Canada's first LGBT radio station and the first in the world operated by a commercial broadcaster rather than a community non-profit group, is launched in Toronto.
  • October 10: The
    HIV-positive person to run as a major party candidate for provincial office in Ontario, in London West.[117]

2008

2009

  • February 5: Ryan Cran, one of the killers in the Aaron Webster incident of 2001, is released on parole after serving four years of a six-year sentence.[123]
  • March 5: Ontario's Ministry of the Attorney General announces that they have concluded their hate crimes investigation in the David Popescu incident of 2008, and officially charge Popescu with two counts of willful promotion of hatred, under Section 319(2) of the Criminal Code. His court appearance is scheduled for April 15.
  • March 13: Shawn Woodward is charged with aggravated assault after physically attacking 62-year-old Ritchie Dowrey in Vancouver's Fountainhead Pub, allegedly because "He’s a faggot. He deserved it."[124] Dowrey had briefly bumped into Woodward's shoulder, which the heterosexual Woodward characterized during his trial as a predatory sexual advance.[125] Although Dowrey survived the assault, he suffered serious and permanent brain damage, and spent the entire rest of his life living in care facilities until his death in 2015.[126]
  • April 24: In the
    Liberal candidate Marc Dalton faces controversy when an e-mail he sent to a colleague in 1996 is released to the media, in which he stated that

    I am not against homosexuals as people, but I do not support their lifestyle choices. I believe homosexuality is a moral issue. Most of us agree on many morals: respect, honesty, kindness. There are also many behaviours and acts that most of us would not condone: rape, robbery, assault, drunken driving, pedophilia, incest and so on.[127]

  • May 12: On election night in British Columbia, out gay MLA Spencer Herbert is re-elected in Vancouver-West End and out gay MLA Nicholas Simons is re-elected in Powell River-Sunshine Coast. Out lesbian MLA Jenn McGinn is defeated in Vancouver-Fairview, but another out lesbian, Mable Elmore, is elected in Vancouver-Kensington.

2010s

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.3621420

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/police-trans-jail-1.3621420

  • June 22: Toronto Police chief
    Mark Saunders issues an official statement of regrets for the Operation Soap raids of 1981.[227]
  • July 3: The Toronto chapter of Black Lives Matter stages a protest as honoured guests of Pride Toronto, demanding more funding to people of colour events at pride, and removal of police floats in future parades.[228]
  • July 9: The city of Steinbach becomes the first rural community in Manitoba to host a Pride event. The march and rally united over 3,000 participants and made national headlines. The Steinbach Pride event was a significant milestone, as LGBT rights became formally recognized in a predominantly Mennonite community (with just over 15,000 residents).[229]
  • August 27: The city of
    Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, hosts its inaugural Pride, quickly following in the footsteps of Steinbach's Pride in July. The march, rally, and social attracted between 1,000 and 1,200 people - another milestone in a rural, Conservative area. Portage la Prairie, with a population of only 13,000, is one of the smallest communities to host a Pride event in Canada.[230]
  • September 17: The Reverend Canon Kevin Robertson is elected a bishop in the Diocese of Toronto, becoming the first openly gay bishop in the Anglican Church of Canada.[231]
  • November 11: Toronto Police press 89 charges – only one of which is criminal in nature—against 72 people as part of 'Project Marie', an under-cover sting operation in a Toronto park long known for its gay cruising. Politicians and civil society groups speak out and provide pro bono legal support of those charged.[232]
  • November 15: Federal MP Randy Boissonnault is named as the government's LGBTQ issues advisor, with a mandate "to advance and protect the rights of the community and address historical injustices".[233]
  • November 25: In conjunction with the Strikers sports bar in Toronto, the Canadian Football League and You Can Play host the first-ever officially league-sponsored LGBTQ Grey Cup party.[234]

2017

2018

2019

  • April 23: The
    Canadian Mint introduces a special Canadian dollar coin, designed by Vancouver LGBT artist Joe Average, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1969 decriminalization of homosexuality in Canada.[248]
  • June 15: Pride Hamilton, the annual LGBTQ Pride event in Hamilton, Ontario, is disrupted by a violent anti-LGBTQ protest.[249] The Hamilton Police Service subsequently face criticism, both for taking too long to respond to the immediate situation[250] and for its post-confrontation arrests, which initially targeted people who were defending the event against the violence rather than the instigators of it.[251] Later arrests did include some of the protestors.[252] The community reaction includes direct pickets of mayor Fred Eisenberger's home, which Eisenberger characterizes as inappropriate harassment of his family and as not representative of the city's LGBTQ community.[253]
  • June 21: The Canadian Government repeals Section 159 of the Criminal Code, which prohibited anal intercourse except by a husband and a wife or two persons who are both 18 years or older, provided that the act was consensual and took place in private. The repeal of Section 159 eliminates the disparity in the age of consent for anal intercourse versus other sexual acts; the age of consent is now 16 for all sexual acts.[254]
  • August 17: In an op-ed to the
    coming out of the closet, becoming Ottawa's first openly gay mayor and making Ottawa the largest city in Canada to have had an out LGBTQ mayor.[255]
  • October 21: In the 2019 Canadian federal election, out LGBT MPs Randall Garrison, Rob Oliphant and Seamus O'Regan are reelected, Sheri Benson and Randy Boissonnault are defeated, Scott Brison retires from politics and does not run for a new term, and Eric Duncan is newly elected to his first term, resulting in LGBT representation in Parliament declining slightly from six MPs to four.

2020s

2020

2021

2022

2023

  • June 4 - Alex Simpson and Leandra Earl launch Lavender Wild, a one-day LGBTQ music festival at Ontario Place's Echo Beach stage.[293]
  • June 8 - Policy 713, an education policy in New Brunswick that ensures a safe educational environment for LGBTQ students in the province, was officially revised by the provincial government following a controversial month-long review led by Premier Blaine Higgs. Following the revision, similar legislation has been implemented in Saskatchewan.
  • September 1 - CIRR-FM ("103.9 Proud FM"), launched in 2007 as Canada's and the world's first commercial radio station targeted specifically to an LGBT listening audience, is shut down by its owner Evanov Communications.[294]
  • September 20 - A national '1 Million March 4 Children' protest was carried out by hundreds of protesters throughout various cities in Canada, protesting against "gender identity curriculum" in schools.[295][296]

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGBT history in Canada.
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