Timeline of Syracuse, Sicily

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. Syracuse was the main city of Sicily from 5th century BCE to 878 CE.

Prior to 17th century

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• 8th C. BCE – Settlement established by Corinthian Greeks.^[1](it)
• 663 BCE - Founded the settlement of Akrai.^[2]
• 643 BCE - Founded the settlement of Casmenae.^[2]
• 6th C. BCE – Greek Theatre of Syracuse built.^[3]
• 598 BCE - Founded the settlement of Kamarina.^[2]
• 498–491 BCE - Hippocrates of Gela threatened the independence of Syracuse.^[2]
• 491–478 BCE - Gelon is tyrant of Syracuse.
• 480 BCE - Gelon defeats Carthage at the Battle of Himera.
• 415–413 BCE – Syracuse besieged by Greek forces.^[1][2]
• 397 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)
• 343 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (343 BC)
• 311-309 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (311–309 BC)
• 287 BCE – Birth of mathematician Archimedes (approximate date).
• 278 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (278 BC)
• 214 BCE – Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC) by Roman forces.^[1]
• 44 BCE – People of Syracuse (and Sicily) gain Roman citizenship.^[4]
• 2nd–4th C. CE – Roman Catholic diocese of Siracusa established.^[5]
• 3rd C. CE – Death of bishop Marciano di Siracusa [it].^[4]
• 278–280 CE – Syracuse sacked by Franks.^[6]
• 304 – Death of Christian
  St. Lucia Of Syracuse during the Diocletianic Persecution
  .
• 535 – Syracuse taken Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire.^[1]
• 668 – 15 September: Assassination of Byzantine emperor Constans II.^[7]
• 827-828 - Siege of Syracuse (827–828).
• 877–878 –
  Aghlabid forces.^[2]
• 1088 – Syracuse besieged by forces of Roger I of Sicily.^[8]
• 1140 – Earthquake.^[9](it)
• 1239 – Castello Maniace built.^[10][2]
• 1397 – Palazzo Montalto built on Ortygia island.^[2]
• 1448 – Unrest.^[6]
• 1542 – Earthquake.^[8](it)

17th–19th centuries

• 1608 – Caravaggio paints "Burial of St. Lucy" in the Chiesa di Santa Lucia alla Badia [it].
• 1633 – Palazzo del Vermexio [it] built.
• 1673 – Porta Ligny (gate) built.^{[citation needed]}
• 1693 – 1693 Sicily earthquake.^[8]
• 1710 – 9 November: Naval Battle of Syracuse (1710) fought near city during the War of the Spanish Succession.
• 1753 – Cathedral of Syracuse built.
• 1757 – Earthquake.^[9][8]
• 1779 – Palazzo Beneventano del Bosco rebuilt.
• 1790 – Maritime navigation school established.^{[citation needed]}
• 1847 - Fountain of Arethusa remodelled into current form^[11]
• 1854 – Archbishop's Palace [it] built.
• 1860 – 1 August: Forces of Garabaldi arrive in city.^{[citation needed]}
• 1861 – Population: 19,590.^[6]
• 1862 – Syracuse
  Chamber of Commerce established.^[12]
• 1865 – Province of Syracuse created.
• 1867 – Biblioteca comunale (library) founded.^[13]
• 1870 – Gazzetta di Siracusa newspaper begins publication.^[14]
• 1871
  • Siracusa railway station opens.
  • Ferrovia Messina-Siracusa [it] (railway) begins operating.
• 1880 – Tamburo newspaper begins publication.^[15]
• 1881 - Population: 21,739.^[2]
• 1886
  • Siracusa–Gela–Canicattì railway (railway) begins operating.
  • Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Siracusa (museum) opens.
• 1892 – Stazione di Siracusa Marittima [it] (train station) opens at the Port of Syracuse [it].
• 1897
  • Teatro Comunale (Syracuse) [it] (theatre) opens.^[16]
  • Population: 25,740.^[17]

20th century

• 1907 – Fontana di Diana [it] (fountain) installed in Piazza Archimede.
• 1911 – Population: 40,835.^[18]
• 1915 – Ferrovia Siracusa-Solarino [it] (railway) begins operating.
• 1920 – Giornale di Siracusa newspaper in publication.^[19]
• 1924
  • 13 August: Benito Mussolini visits city.
  • A.S. Siracusa
    (football club) formed.
• 1928 – Strada statale 115 Sud Occidentale Sicula (Trapani-Syracuse roadway) opens.
• 1932 – Stadio Nicola De Simone (stadium) opens in Santa Lucia [it].
• 1934 – Palazzo delle Poste (post office) built.^[16]
• 1938
  • Stazione di Targia [it] industrial railway station begins operating.
  • Monumento ai Caduti italiani d'Africa [it] construction begins at Piazza dei Cappuccini.
• 1941 – Bombing of Syracuse during World War II begins.^(it)
• 1943: 9–10 July: City taken by British forces.
• 1948 – Bellomo Palace Regional Gallery opens.
• 1950 – Augusta-Priolo petrochemical complex begins operating near city.^{[citation needed]}
• 1951 – Population: 66,090.^(it)
• 1953
  • Madonna delle Lacrime [it] (weeping statue) allegedly occurs, according to tradition.^[4]
  • Syracuse Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery
    established near city.
• 1960
  • Regata internazionale Siracusa-Malta [it] (race) begins.^[20]
  • Syracuse Aquarium [it] opens (approximate date).
• 1961 – Population: 83,205.^(it)
• 1963 – Archivio di Stato di Siracusa (state archives) active.^[21]
• 1990 – 13 December: 1990 Carlentini earthquake occurs.
• 1991 – Population: 125,941.^(it)
• 1994 – Santuario della Madonna delle Lacrime (Syracuse) [it] built.
• 1996 –
  U.S. Siracusa
  (football club) active.
• 1999
  • Compagnia dei pupari Vaccaro-Mauceri [it] (puppet theatre) established.
  • Giambattista Bufardeci [it] becomes mayor.

21st century

• 2005 – Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 2008 – Roberto Visentin becomes mayor.
• 2009
  • April: G8 Ambiente [it] meeting of environmental leaders held in city.^[22]
  • Pista ciclabile Rossana Maiorca [it] (bike path) opens.^{[chronology citation needed]}
• 2013
  • June:
    Italian local elections, 2013
    held.
  • 20 September: 400+
    refugees of the Syrian Civil War arrive at port of Syracuse.^[23]
  • Giancarlo Garozzo [it] becomes mayor.^[24]
  • Siracusa Calcio
    football club active.
  • Population: 118,644.^[25]
• 2015 – Regional Libero consorzio comunale di Siracusa [it] created (replacing Province of Syracuse).

See also

• Syracuse history
• History of Syracuse, Sicily [it]
• Ancient Syracuse [it
  ]
• Origins of Syracuse (in Italian)
• History of Syracuse: Greek period (in Italian)
• History of Syracuse: medieval period (in Italian)
• History of Syracuse: modern period (circa 16th-19th centuries; in Italian)
• History of Syracuse: fascist period (in Italian)
• History of Syracuse: contemporary period (in Italian)
• List of mayors of Syracuse, Sicily
• List of bishops of Syracuse
• History of Sicily
• Timelines of other cities in the macroregion of Insular Italy:^(it)
  • Sardinia: Timeline of Cagliari
  • Sicily: Timeline of Catania, Messina, Palermo, Trapani

References

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur
  .
• hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
• "Syracuse".
  hdl:2027/njp.32101065312959.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
  )
• "Syracuse", Southern Italy and Sicily (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1908 (+ 1867 ed.)
• Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen (1908). "Syracuse History (timeline)". Sicily, the New Winter Resort: An Encyclopaedia of Sicily (2nd ed.). Methuen.
• Freeman, Edward Augustus; Ashby, Thomas (1910). "Syracuse" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 296–302.
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Syracuse",
  hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t
• Herbermann, Charles George (1912). "Syracuse". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Christopher Kininmonth (1965). "Syracuse". Travellers' Guide to Sicily. Jonathan Cape. pp. 172–208 – via Open Library.
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Syracuse". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 674+.
  OCLC 31045650
  .
• Roy Domenico (2002). "Sicily: Syracuse". Regions of Italy: a Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood. pp. 291+.
  ISBN 0313307334
  .
• Christopher Kleinhenz, ed. (2004). "Syracuse". Medieval Italy: an Encyclopedia. Routledge.
  ISBN 0415939291
  .
• Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Syracuse". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press.
  ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5
  .

in Italian

Further information (in Italian): Bibliography of Syracuse, Sicily ^[it]

• "Siracusa". Guida generale di Sicilia e Malta: storica, artistica, commerciale (in Italian) (3rd ed.). Catania:
  hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t0zp6s27f. (+ via Internet Archive
  )
• Nicola Bernardini, ed. (1890). "Provincia di Siracusa". Guida della stampa periodica italiana (in Italian). Lecce: R. Tipografia editrice salentina dei fratelli Spacciante.
  hdl:2027/njp.32101074983378
  .
• "Siracusa". Sicilia. Guida d'Italia (in Italian). Milan:
  hdl:2027/uc1.$b535988
  .
• "Siracusa",
  Enciclopedia Italiana
  (in Italian), 1936
• M. Guido (1960). Siracusa: Guida storico pratica ai suoi principali monumenti ed ai luoghi d'interesse (in Italian).
• T. Carpinteri (1983). Siracusa, città fortificata (in Italian).
• Siracusa e provincia (in Italian). Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1999.
  ISBN 978-88-365-1253-9
  .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Syracuse.

• "Archivio Storico Comunale". Città di Siracusa (in Italian). Comune di Siracusa. 10 March 2023. (city archives)
• Items related to Syracuse, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Syracuse, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

Images

• 
  Porta Ligny, built 1673, demolished 1893
• 
  Stazione Siracusa Marittima, opened in 1892
• 
  Teatro Communale, opened in 1897
• 
  Post Office, built 1935 (photo 2006)
• 
  Augusta-Priolo industrial complex near city, est. circa 1950 (photo 2015)