Timeline of the city of Rome
The city of Rome, Italy, has had an extensive history since antiquity.
Early history
founding Rome
in 753 BC.- 1000 BC – Latins begin to settle in Italy
Republic
Main article: 
The Colosseum opened in 80 AD 
The Church of the Gesù was the first Baroque structure, built in 1568 
The current St. Peter's Basilica was finished in 1626 
Fascists, led by Benito Mussolini, at the March on Rome in 1922
Brennus looting Rome after the Battle of the Allia
in 390 BC
- 499 BC - A battle against foreign tribes commences, including the construction of the Temple of Castor and Pollux.
- 396 BC - The Etruscan city of Veiois defeated by the Romans
- 390 BC - Rome is sacked by the Gauls after the Battle of the Allia
- 380 BC - The once destroyed Servian Wall is reconstructed.
- 312 BC - The Via Appia and Aqua Appiaare constructed.
- 264 - 241 BC - First Punic War
- 220 BC - Via Flaminia is constructed.
- 218 - 202 BC - Second Punic War
- 168 BC - The Romans have a great victory in the Macedonian War, conquering Greece.
- 149 - 146 BC - The Third Punic War
- 133 BC - 120 BC - The Gracchi brothers are controversially killed.
- 71 BC - Spartacus is killed and his rebel army destroyed.
- 60 BC - Crassus and Caesarform the first triumvirate.
- 59 BC - Handwritten "news posters" introduced.[1]
- 55 BC - Theatre of Pompey completed.
Imperial city
St Peter, the first Pope
, was crucified in Rome in 67 AD
- 49 BC - Caesar crosses the Rubicon in order to take Rome.
- 44 BC - Caesar elects himself Brutus and Cassius
- 27 BC - Augustus is made Rome's first emperor.
- 13 BC - The Senate commissions the Ara Pacis to honor Augustus' return to Rome.
- c. 60 AD - Paul the Apostle arrives in Rome.
- 64 AD - The Great Fire of Rome, rumored to be blamed by Nero on the Christians.
- c. 65 AD - Blamed for causing the Great Fire, Christians in the city are persecuted.
- 72 AD - Work on the Flavian Amphitheatre(Colosseum) begins.
- 80 AD - While Titus is inspecting the damage of the eruption of Vesuvius, a fire breaks out in the city for three days, destroying Capitoline temples and the Pantheon.[2]
- 125 AD - Emperor Hadrian has the Pantheon reconstructed, assuming its current appearance.
- 212 AD - All the inhabitants of the empire are granted citizenship of Rome.
- 216 AD - Work on the Baths of Caracalla is completed.
- 217 AD - Fire, possibly caused by a lightning strike, damages the Flavian Amphitheatre.[3]
- 225 AD - Mathematicians allowed to teach publicly at Rome.[citation needed]
- 247 AD - The first millennium of Rome is celebrated.
- 270 AD - Construction of the Aurelian Wallbegins.
- 274 AD - The Temple of the Sun built at Rome.
- 284 AD - Eastern Roman Empire in Byzantium.
Late antiquity and early medieval period
Visigothic Sack of Rome
in 410 AD- 312 - Constantine the Great defeats Maxentius at Battle of the Milvian Bridge to become the ruler of the western Roman Empire
- c.320 - Old St. Peter's Basilica is constructed.
- 325- Constantine convenes the First Council of Nicaea.
- 380 - The Christian emperor Theodosius makes Christianity the official religion of Rome, persecuting pagans and destroying temples.
- 402 - Ravenna becomes the capital of the Western Roman Empire, whilst Constantinople that of the east.[4]
- 410 - Rome is sacked by Alaric, King of the Visigoths
- 422 - The Church of Santa Sabinais founded.
- 455 - Genseric, King of the Vandals
- 476 - Romulus Augustulus is deposed, traditionally considered the end of the Western Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe. Byzantiumcontinues to be the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
- 496 - The first pope to achieve the Pontifex Maximus is Anastasius II.
- 546 - Rome is sacked by Totila, King of the Ostrogoths
- c. 590 - 604 - Pope Gregory the Greatmakes the Christian church exceedingly strong.
- 609 - The Pantheon becomes a Christian church.
- 630 - The Church of Sant' Agnese is the first Roman church to be constructed in Byzantine style.
- 725 - The King Ine of Wessex is the first man to create a hostel for pilgrims to Rome.
- 778 - Charlemagne conquers Italy and Rome.
- 800 - Charlemagne is crowned the emperor in St. Peter's Basilica.
- 801 - An earthquake damages St. Paul's Outside the Walls on 29 April.
- 846 - During the Aurelian Wall
- 880 - 932 - A rare occasion, the city is governed by women, Theodora and later her daughter Marozia.
- 961 - King Otto the Great of Germany becomes in Rome the first Holy Roman Emperor.
High Middle Ages
Archbasilica of St. John Lateran
dates from the 13th century- 1084 - The city of Rome is attacked by the Normans
- 1108 - The church of San Clemente is in this year rebuilt.
- 1140 - The church of Santa Maria in Trastevere is restored.
- 1200 - The city becomes an independent commune
- 1232 - The cloisters in the Basilica of St. John Lateranare finished.
- 1300 - Pope Boniface VIII proclaims the First Holy Year.
- 1309 - The Papacy is moved to Avignon under Pope Clement V
- 1347 - The patriot and rebel Cola di Rienzo tries to restore the Roman Republic.
- 1348 - As in most of Europe, the Black Death strikes Rome.
Roman Renaissance
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
- 1377 - The Papacy returns to Rome with Pope Gregory XI.
- 1409 - 1415 - For a short while, the Papacy moves over to Pisa.
- 1417 - The Great Schism of the 14th century is ended by Pope Martin V
- 1444 - Bramanteis born.
- 1452 - Old St. Peter's Basilica is demolished and a new one is begun.
- 1475 - Michelangelo Buonarrotiis born.
- 1483 - Raphael is born.
- 1486 - The Palazzo della Cancelleria is built.
- 1506 - The first significant works on the New St. Peter's Basilica re begun with Pope Julius II
- 1508 - Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
- 1519 - The frescos of the Villa Farnesina are finally completed.
- 1527 - Troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor attack Rome, looting and ruining the city.
- 1547 - Michelangelo is appointed by Pope Paul III as the main architect of the new St. Peter's Basilica.
Baroque period
- 1568 - The Jesuits build the early Baroque Church of the Gesù.
- 1571 - Caravaggio is born.
- 1585 - Rome's streets are re-planned by Pope Sixtus V.
- 1595 - The frescos in the Palazzo Farnese are begun by Annibale Carracci.
- 1600 - Giordano Bruno (philosopher) is burned at the stake for his heresies.
- 1624 - Apollo and Daphne, the sculpture by Bernini, is made in this year.
- 1626 - Construction of the new St. Peter's Basilica is completed.
- 1633 - Galileois condemned for heresy.
- 1651 - Piazza Navona is fully re-designed by Bernini.
- 1653 - Pope Innocent X issues the bull "Cum occasione impressionis libri" condemning heresy of Jansenism.
- 1656 - Bernini's colonnades in St. Peter's Square are begun.
- 1657 - Borrominifinishes his work in Sant' Agnese in Agone.
- 1676 - Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689) initiates major reforms; stabilises papal finances; condemn nepotism; upgrades clerical morals; finances Austria's wars against Ottoman Empire to protect Vienna and Hungary. However he fails in efforts to reduce royal control of the Church in France.
- 1694 - The Palazzo di Montecitorio is finished.
- 1732 - Work on the Trevi Fountain begins.
- 1734 - The Palazzo Nuovo is made by Pope Clement XII the world's first public museum.
- 1735 - The Spanish Steps are designed.
- 1751 - The Views of Rome by Piranesi revives interest in Rome's classical ruins.
- 1762 - The Trevi Fountain is completed.
- 1792 - Canovais completed.
- 1797 - Napoleon Bonapartecaptures Rome.
- 1798 - New Roman Republic declared by Napoleon, Pope Pius VIexiled.
- 1799 - Napoleon is driven out of Rome and Italy by the Russians and the Austrians
19th century and Risorgimento
1849 Roman Republic in the Piazza del Popolo
.- 1800 - 1801 - Napoleon retakes Italy and Rome.
- 1816 - Work on the Piazza del Popolo begins.
- 1820 - There are a series of revolts in Rome and the rest of Italy.
- 1821 - The British poet John Keats dies in Rome.
- 1848 - Uprisings in Rome.
- 1849 - Nationalists proclaim an unrecognised Roman Republic. Pope Pius IXis later restored to power in the city, after a French invasion.
- 1860 - Garibaldi and his 1,000 soldiers take Sicily and Naples.
- 1861 - The Kingdom of Italy is founded, with Turinas its capital.
- 1870 - Rome captured by Italy.
20th century and modern Rome
Altare della Patria was built in honour of King Victor Emmanuel II
in 1911
- 1911 - The Altare della Patriais completed.
- 1922 - Fascists.
- 1925-40 - Large parts of the historic centre are pulled down and rebuilt by Benito Mussolini.
- 1929 - A separate country within Rome, Vatican City, is created by the Lateran Treaty.
- 1940 - EUR begins, and the nation enters World War II.
- 1943 - Bombing of Rome in World War II begins.
- 1944 - Rome is liberated by the Allied troops from the Germans.
- 1957 - Treaty of Rome
- 1960 - Rome hosts the 1960 Summer Olympics, with great success.
- 1962 - Roman Catholic church reforms are brought about with the Second Vatican Council.
- 1978 - Italian prime minister Brigate Rosse; Pope John Paul I and Pope John Paul IIare made popes in this year.
- c.1978 - 1990 - Years of Lead: period of paramilitary violence across Italy.
- 1981 - An assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II is made in St. Peter's Basilica Square.
- 1990 - Rome hosts the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final.
- 1993 - Francesco Rutelli becomes the first mayor of Rome elected by the citizens.
- 2000 - The city enters the New Millennium, featuring a new Holy Year, or the Jubilee.
21st century
- 2004 - A new constitution of the European Union is signed in Rome.
- 2005 - Pope John Paul II dies in Rome, and Pope Benedict XVI takes his place.
- 2013 - Benedict XVI resigns and Pope Francis is elected as his successor.
- 2016 - June: Rome municipal election, 2016held.
- 2022 - Benedict XVI dies in Rome.
See also
Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:(it)
- Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
- Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
- Timeline of Florence, Tuscany
- Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
- Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
- Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
- Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
- Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
- Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
- Timeline of Siena, Tuscany
References
- ISBN 0824209583.
- ^ Brian Jones, The Emperor Domitian (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 80
- ^ Cassius Dio, lxxviii.25
- ISBN 9781107612907
Further reading
- J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "Rome". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: – via Hathi Trust.
External links
- "Aquae Urbis Romae: Timeline". USA: University of Virginia, Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. (maps related to water, 753 BCE-present)