Times Square Theater
New 42nd Street |
The Times Square Theater is a former
The Times Square Theater was designed simultaneously with the now-demolished
The Times Square opened on September 30, 1920, with Edgar Selwyn's play The Mirage. The theater mostly hosted legitimate shows in its first decade, but it briefly screened films in 1926 and 1928. Notable shows included The Front Page (1928), Strike Up the Band (1930), and Private Lives (1931). The theater staged its last show in 1933, and the theater became a cinema the next year. The Brandt family operated the Times Square for the next five decades, showing westerns and action films. There were several proposals to redevelop theaters along 42nd Street in the 1980s. New 42nd Street took over the Times Square and several neighboring theaters in 1990, but the theater building was difficult to lease out because of its lack of a rear entrance. Among the unsuccessful bids were those by MTV, Marvel Mania, Livent, Ecko Unltd., and a 4D theater company. Stillman Development International leased the building in 2017 and hired Beyer Blinder Belle to renovate it.
Site
The Times Square Theater is at 215–217 West 42nd Street, on the northern sidewalk between
The surrounding area is part of
Design
The Times Square Theater, along with the Apollo Theatre immediately to the north and west, was developed by brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn in 1920. Both theaters were built simultaneously and designed by Eugene De Rosa.[2][8][9] Architectural Plastering Co. performed the theater's exterior sgraffito work, while L. S. Fischl's Sons was the interior decorator.[10]
Facade
The theater's original
At the second floor is a colonnade of six columns between a pair of outer bays.[15][16] The New York Times described the columns as being in the Doric order.[17] There were originally seven wrought-iron screens, one between each set of columns. The auditorium facade is slightly recessed behind the colonnade, creating a gallery. The outermost bays in the second floor contained sash window panes, flanked by pilasters that support a round arch. The pilasters in the corners of the arches were carved. A cornice ran above the facade.[11] Unlike the four neighboring theaters, the Times Square Theater did not have any access from 43rd Street.[13][18] Instead, its auditorium and stage house were both on 42nd Street.[13][19] This allowed the auditorium to be positioned parallel to the street, facing eastward.[13]
As of 2018[update], Beyer Blinder Belle is planning to substantially reconfigure the Times Square Theater building. The proposed renovation includes increasing the building's height to six stories, with its roof 138 ft (42 m) high. Four stories will be built above the existing building.[20] The existing facade will be raised by 5 ft (1.5 m) to accommodate higher ceilings on the ground floor.[21][22][23] The second story will have a glass enclosure in front of the colonnade, allowing passersby to view the former theater's interior.[24][25] The enclosure, measuring 23 ft (7.0 m) tall, will partially cantilever above the sidewalk on 42nd Street. LED signs are also planned to be installed on the building's exterior.[26] An open-air restaurant will also be placed on the roof.[20][24]
Interior
Original theater
The Times Square Theater had a fan-shaped layout.[8][13] A contemporary account said the theater could accommodate 1,127 people;[27] meanwhile, The Broadway League and Playbill both cite a capacity of 1,055,[28][29] and theater historian Mary C. Henderson gives a figure of 1,035.[13] The interior was originally decorated in the Empire style[10][27] with some Adam style ornamentation.[8] The original color scheme was silver and green against a black background.[10][27][14] In later years, the green decorations faded to gray.[14]
The theater had two levels of seating: a ground-floor orchestra level, as well as a balcony with a slightly higher seating capacity.[8][13] The first four rows of the orchestra were designed with armchairs instead of typical theater seats. At balcony level was a crossover aisle with several entrances, reducing the distance that patrons had to climb compared to in older theaters.[30] Near the front of the auditorium, on either side of the balcony level, was a wall section with two box seats.[8][13] Each wall section had black velvet curtains and was topped by a plaster half-dome.[10][27] The theater contained an "air cushion" facing 42nd Street to the south, which dampened noise from outdoors. On either side of the auditorium were emergency exits leading to passageways; the New-York Tribune said these were capable of emptying the theater "in a matter of seconds".[30] The ceiling had a dome measuring 35 ft (11 m) wide.[22]
A black velvet curtain separated the audience from the stage, which was 40 ft (12 m) wide.
Proposed conversion
The building is proposed to be converted into over 52,000 sq ft (4,800 m2) of mixed-use space as of 2019[update].[20][24] Most of the building, about 34,000 sq ft (3,200 m2), is planned to be used as storefronts.[20] The third and fourth stories are both planned to have double-height ceilings, as well as many of the historical features relocated from the auditorium.[20][22][25] Both stories are to have outdoor terraces.[25] A spiral staircase would connect the second through fourth floors, and the dome would be reinstalled above the staircase.[26]
Use as theater
Development
As construction proceeded on the Selwyn Theatre in September 1917, the Selwyn brothers announced two additional theaters. Originally, the two theaters were to be named after actress Margaret Illington and producer Margaret Mayo.[37][38] The following February, the Shubert family acquired a partial interest in the three theaters that the Selwyns were constructing. By this time, the planned Illington Theatre was to be known as the Times Square Theater.[41][42] The Selwyn brothers leased the eastern site from Sperry and Hutchinson Co. in July 1918, after the plot had already been excavated.[43][44] In May 1919, the New York City Department of Buildings approved the Selwyn brothers' plans for a 1,100-seat theater on 42nd Street and a 1,200-seat theater on 43rd Street.[45] The O'Day Construction Company was hired to erect both theaters.[30] The Selwyn brothers intended to use the two theaters exclusively for their own productions.[46]
Legitimate use
Selwyn years
The Times Square opened on September 30, 1920, with
The Fool, by Channing Pollock, opened in October 1922[63][64] and ran for over 200 performances through the next year.[65][66] As an experiment, the Selwyn brothers brought over several visiting companies in mid-1923 to perform The Fool in place of the usual actors. Each company performed for three days before being performing the production at other theaters.[67][68] The play Helen of Troy, New York, transferred from the Selwyn Theatre in October 1923;[66][69] this was followed in December by Pelléas and Mélisande with Jane Cowl,[70] which flopped after 13 performances.[66][71] During early 1924, André Charlot presented his eponymous musical revue, featuring Gertrude Lawrence, Beatrice Lillie, and Jack Buchanan.[72] Charlot's revue transferred to the Selwyn Theatre in April 1924,[73][74] swapping houses with the musical Battling Buttler.[75] The theater also hosted a dance recital by Albertina Rasch in May 1924, though the Sabbath Committee ruled that the recital could not be staged on Sundays.[76][77] That September, the theater hosted Jerome Kern and Howard Dietz's musical Dear Sir, featuring Oscar Shaw and Walter Catlett.[14][78] It was followed in November by Clifford Grey, Clare Kummer, and Sigmund Romberg's musical Annie Dear, which featured Billie Burke.[79][80]
Decline
The Selwyn brothers dissolved their firm in 1925.[81][82] The same year, the theater hosted the play Mismates, the namesake of the film Mismates.[83][84] The musical Kosher Kitty Kelly also ran for 166 total performances at the Times Square Theater and Daly's 63rd Street Theatre,[85] in spite of negative critical reception.[86] Pollock's play The Enemy opened in late 1925[81][87] and ran for 202 performances.[88] The Times Square Theater then showed a variety of films in early 1926,[82] including The Volga Boatman[89] and a double feature of Silence and The Prince of Pilsen.[90] The theater's next legitimate show was Love 'Em and Leave 'Em, which relocated from the Apollo in May 1926.[82][91]
The Anita Loos play Gentlemen Prefer Blondes opened in September 1926[81][92] and ran for 199 total performances across two theaters.[93][94] During the play's run, the theater also hosted a speech by explorer Richard E. Byrd,[95] a documentary presented by aviator Alan Cobham,[96] and a ballet show.[97] After Blondes relocated from the Times Square in March 1927, A. H. Woods planned to move his production of the play Crime into the theater.[98] Instead, the Times Square screened silent films for the 1927–1928 season.[93] The silent film Sunrise opened at the Times Square in September 1927,[99][100] and the theater screened the film Dawn in May 1928.[101][102] Although other theaters on 42nd Street were already struggling to book long-running shows by the late 1920s, the Times Square was still able to secure some hits.[93] Jed Harris leased the theater in mid-1928[93][103] and presented the original Broadway production of Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur's comedy The Front Page, which opened in August 1928.[104][105] The Front Page ran for 276 performances through April 1929.[93][106]
Several shows had short runs in 1929, including The Middle Watch[107] and Other Men's Wives.[108] The next hit was George and Ira Gershwin's musical Strike Up the Band, which opened at the theater in January 1930[109][110] and ran for 191 performances over the next five months.[111] At the onset of the Great Depression, many Broadway theaters were impacted by declining attendance, leading to many flops.[112] The 1930–1931 season alone had six shows,[82] including a revival of The Merchant of Venice.[113][114] The season ended with Noël Coward's Private Lives, starring Coward and Gertrude Lawrence,[115][116] which lasted 256 performances.[117] In the 1931–1932 season, four successive plays closed within one month.[28][29] The 1932–1933 season, with three shows, was the Times Square's final season as a live venue.[82][118] The season's shows included Clear All Wires!,[119][120] Foolscap,[121][122] and Forsaking All Others.[123][124] The play Angel, with Lenore Ulric, was supposed to have opened at the Times Square in June 1933 but never did so.[125]
Movies
The theater remained dark for the 1933–1934 season,[118][126] even though the play Ragged Army had been planned to open there in February 1934.[127] The theater's owner Burgwyn Realty Corp. leased the theater to the Brandt family for use as a cinema in May 1934. The Brandts planned to operate the theater under a grindhouse format, with films running continuously.[126][128] This was part of a decline in the Broadway theater industry in the mid-20th century; from 1931 to 1950, the number of legitimate theaters decreased from 68 to 30.[129][130] The lease originally ran for five years.[128] The following year, Burgwyn lost the theater in a foreclosure proceeding.[118][131] The Times Square and Apollo theaters were auctioned off; Timap Inc. acquired them in June 1935 for $110,000 and assumed responsibility for the existing $800,000 mortgage.[132][133] The proscenium arch was infilled in 1939 when the former stage house was converted to a haberdashery, since the theater no longer needed these facilities after its conversion into a cinema.[19]
By the mid-1940s, the ten theaters along 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues were all showing movies; this led Variety to call the block the "biggest movie center of the world".
William Brandt said in 1953 that any of his 42nd Street theaters could be converted to a legitimate house within 24 hours' notice, but producers did not take up his offer.[140] By the late 1950s, the Times Square was classified as a "western and action outlet", displaying films that related to that genre. Tickets cost 25 to 65 cents apiece, the cheapest admission scale for any theater on 42nd Street. The Times Square and the other 42nd Street theaters operated from 8 a.m. to 3 a.m., with three shifts of workers. The ten theaters on the block attracted about five million visitors a year between them.[141]
The 42nd Street Company was established in 1961 to operate the Brandts' seven theaters on 42nd Street.[142][143] By the early 1960s, the surrounding block had decayed, but many of the old theater buildings from the block's heyday remained, including the Times Square.[144] Martin Levine and Richard Brandt took over the 42nd Street Company in 1972.[142][143] The Times Square still operated as an action house. The other six theaters showed a variety of genres, though Levine said none of the company's 42nd Street theaters showed hardcore porn. The Brandts' theaters had a combined annual gross of about $2 million and operated nearly the entire day.[145] However, the area was in decline; the Brandts' theaters only had three million visitors by 1977, about half of the number in 1963.[146] The area had also become dangerous and rundown as well.[147] Patrons were fatally shot in separate incidents in 1977[148] and 1980.[149] The Brandts' movie theaters on 42nd Street continued to operate through the mid-1980s, at which point the Times Square was showing "obscure horror/action triple-bills".[150]
Redevelopment
The 42nd Street Development Corporation had been formed in 1976 to discuss plans for redeveloping Times Square.
Preservation attempts
Another plan, called the City at 42nd Street, was announced in December 1979 as part of a proposal to restore West 42nd Street around Times Square.[156][157] Under the plan, the Times Square Theatre would have been preserved, and some of the other theaters would have been modified.[156][158] Mayor Ed Koch wavered in his support of the plan, criticizing it as a "Disneyland on 42nd Street".[159][160] Subsequently, Hugh Hardy conducted a report on 42nd Street's theaters in 1980. His report, in conjunction with a movement opposing the demolition of the nearby Helen Hayes and Morosco theaters, motivated the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) to survey fifty of Midtown Manhattan's extant theaters in the early 1980s.[161]
The LPC started to consider protecting theaters, including the Times Square Theater,[162] as landmarks in 1982, with discussions continuing over the next several years.[163] While the LPC granted landmark status to many Broadway theaters starting in 1987, it deferred decisions on the exterior and interior of the Times Square Theater.[164] Further discussion of the landmark designations was delayed for several decades.[165] In late 2015, the LPC hosted public hearings on whether to designate the Times Square and six other theaters as landmarks.[166] The LPC rejected the designations in February 2016, as the theaters were already subject to historic-preservation regulations set by the state government.[167]
Early redevelopment proposals
The
From 1987 to 1989, Park Tower and Prudential hired
In early 1989, several dozen nonprofit theater companies submitted plans to the UDC for the takeover of six theaters.
New 42nd Street control
1990s proposals
A nonprofit organization,
In September 1994, MTV took an option on the Apollo, Lyric, and Times Square theaters, which it planned to convert into a production studio.[203][211] However, the negotiations with MTV fell through.[208] Marvel Entertainment signed a letter of intent to build a Marvel Mania restaurant inside the Times Square[212][213] in May 1996.[214] These plans were placed on hold after Marvel Entertainment Group filed for bankruptcy protection at the end of the year.[215] In mid-1997, Billboard Live International was negotiating to renovate the Times Square into a live-concert venue.[216][217] Had this plan been successful, the theater building would have been expanded to 35,000 sq ft (3,300 m2) to accommodate live concerts, and much of the theater's architectural details would have been preserved.[217] After Billboard Live reneged, CBS considered leasing the theater as a broadcast studio by late 1997.[218] Ultimately, CBS never signed a lease.[16] Yet another themed restaurant, operated by WrestleMania, was proposed for the theater in early 1998, though WrestleMania also did not sign a lease.[219][220]
New 42nd Street leased the theater in August 1998 to Livent, which proposed an entertainment complex with a 500-seat auditorium and a themed restaurant.[118][219][220] Livent encountered major accounting issues within a week of the lease.[16][221] By November 1998, Livent had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection,[222][223] and the company canceled its plans to redevelop the Times Square Theater.[16][118][221] New 42nd Street Inc. president Cora Cahan said she had received several proposals for potential uses of the theater, though most bidders said they did not want to build a performance space there.[224] Producer Stewart F. Lane had proposed converting the theater for live use, but Cahan rejected the plan in January 1999.[225] In the meantime, advertising firm TDI installed seven advertisement panels between the theater's columns. Cahan said that, in three months, the ads could raise $100,000 for New 42nd Street's adjacent rehearsal studios.[16] By then, the popularity of theme restaurants was decreasing,[226] and most sites in the neighborhood had already been redeveloped.[227]
2000s and early 2010s
The Times Square Theater remained empty in 2000, after every other theater on the block had been renovated. Part of the issue was that it was not viable as a theater, as its only entrance was on 42nd Street, making it more difficult to load scenery and props.[18] In addition, the Times Square was old, had a small lobby, and suffered from noise issues.[224] The 42nd Street Development Project had its offices on the former stage until 2004. Construction workers removed seat cushions and dismantled the project's offices before the theater was marketed for commercial use.[228] That year, New 42nd Street agreed to lease the Times Square to Ecko Unltd., which planned to convert it into a hip-hop store.[17][229] Ecko planned to build a 20,000 sq ft (1,900 m2)[230] or 30,000 sq ft (2,800 m2) store across four floors.[231] The firm of Janson-Goldstein was hired to renovate the space; at the time, the store would have been completed in 2006.[231] The project stalled after the planning process, even though Ecko had continued to pay rent, and the theater was covered in plywood. In 2009, the company abandoned its lease, and Cahan considered filing a lawsuit against Ecko.[232]
A mural by
Renovation
Stillman Development International LLC signed a 73-year lease for the Times Square Theater in 2017. The following year, Stillman and its partner Daishin Securities announced a $100 million renovation of the building. Colliers International was also hired to market the building.[21][22][25] At the time of the announcement, the project was supposed to take two years.[22][242] Stillman hired Beyer Blinder Belle to design the renovation, add several stories, and raise the facade by five feet.[22][25] The facade would be separated from the interior structure and raised using hydraulic jacks.[23][26] In addition, Stillman would remove the proscenium arch, dome, and boxes for restoration.[22][25] Even though the LPC had not designated the Times Square Theater as a landmark, parts of the building were still subject to preservation guidelines.[26] The New York City Economic Development Corporation and the 42nd Street Development Project's Historic Preservation Committee both supported the plans.[25]
In early 2019, Stillman's executive vice president Armen Boyajian expressed hope that the theater's restoration would be completed by early 2021.[26] John Tiedemann had removed an iron gate on the facade for restoration, while contractor Shawmut had removed some of the interior decorative elements.[24] The developers filed partial demolition plans for the Times Square Theater with the New York City Department of Buildings in July 2019. The developers then submitted construction plans in February 2020.[243] Though the renovation had been slated for completion in 2020, the renovation was still incomplete at the beginning of 2021, and the developers did not give an updated timeline.[20] Work on the Times Square had stalled by January 2023 because no tenants had shown interest in occupying the theater.[244]
Notable productions
Productions are listed by the year of their first performance. This list only includes Broadway shows; it does not include films screened there.[28][29]
- 1920: The Mirage[51][52]
- 1921: The Demi-Virgin[59]
- 1921: A Bill of Divorcement[245]
- 1923:
- 1924: Andre Charlot's Revue of 1924[73][72]
- 1924: Battling Buttler[75]
- 1925: Mismates[83]
- 1925: Kosher Kitty Kelly[85][86]
- 1926: Gentlemen Prefer Blondes[94][92]
- 1928: The Front Page[106][104]
- 1929: The Middle Watch[107]
- 1929: Other Men's Wives[108]
- 1930: Strike Up the Band[111][109]
- 1930: The Merchant of Venice[113][114]
- 1931: Private Lives[117][115]
- 1932: Clear All Wires![119][120]
- 1933: Forsaking All Others[123][124]
See also
References
Notes
- ^ The building contains both the former entrance to the Apollo Theatre, as well as the Times Square Theater itself. The Apollo Theater entrance is 11 ft 5 in (3.48 m) wide. The portion of the building housing the former Times Square Theater is only about 94 feet (29 m) wide.[3]
- ^ The sites were:[171]
- Northwest corner of 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue: now 3 Times Square
- Northeast corner of 42nd Street and Broadway: now 4 Times Square
- Southwest corner of 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue: now 5 Times Square
- South side of 42nd Street between Seventh Avenue and Broadway: now 7 Times Square (Times Square Tower)
Citations
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- ^ Building Age and National Builder Vol. 47, Nos. 7—12 (1925), p. 82.
- ^ a b c d e "Times Square and Apollo Theatres". Architecture and Building. Vol. 52, no. 12. December 1920. pp. 104–105. Archived from the original on April 17, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Morrison 1999, pp. 110–111.
- ^ Bloom 2007, p. 11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Henderson & Greene 2008, p. 195.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bloom 2007, p. 257.
- ^ a b Morrison 1999, p. 110.
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- ^ a b Bockmann, Rich (September 18, 2018). "Stillman reveals pricey revamp of long-shuttered Times Square Theater". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
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- ^ The Broadway League (March 15, 1921). "The Right Girl – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2022; "The Right Girl (Broadway, Times Square Theatre, 1921)". Playbill. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
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- ^ The Broadway League (June 8, 1921). "The Broadway Whirl – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2022; "The Broadway Whirl (Broadway, Times Square Theatre, 1921)". Playbill. Archived from the original on April 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
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- ^ The Broadway League (September 22, 1922). "The Exciters – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022; "The Fool (Broadway, Times Square Theatre, 1922)". Playbill. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
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- ^ Henderson & Greene 2008, p. 199.
- ^ a b The Broadway League (October 8, 1923). "Battling Buttler – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2022; "Battling Buttler (Broadway, American Airlines Theatre, 1923)". Playbill. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
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