Tiritiri Matangi Island

Coordinates: 36°36′S 174°53′E / 36.60°S 174.89°E / -36.60; 174.89
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Tiritiri Matangi Island
Tiritiri Matangi Lighthouse and ranger station.
Tiritiri Matangi Island is located in New Zealand
Tiritiri Matangi Island
Tiritiri Matangi Island
Geography
LocationHauraki Gulf
Coordinates36°36′S 174°53′E / 36.60°S 174.89°E / -36.60; 174.89
ArchipelagoNew Zealand archipelago
Area2.2 km2 (0.85 sq mi)
Administration
New Zealand
Demographics
Population0

Tiritiri Matangi Island is located in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand, 3.4 km (2.1 mi) east of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula[1] in the North Island and 30 km (19 mi) north east of Auckland. The 2.2 km2 (1 sq mi) island is an open nature reserve[1] managed by the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Incorporated, under the supervision of the Department of Conservation and is noted for its bird life, including takahē, North Island kōkako and kiwi. It attracts between 30,000 and 32,000 visitors a year, the latter figure being the maximum allowed by the Auckland Conservation Management Strategy.[1]

The name, Māori for "tossed by the wind", is often popularly shortened to Tiritiri. Māori mythology considers the island to be a float of an ancestral fishing net.[2]

Geography

The island is located on the Hibiscus Coast[3] to the east of Whangaparāoa Peninsula, and is composed of ancient greywacke rock.[4]

History

Human use

The first people to settle on the island were

pā, Tiritiri Matangi Pā located to the north of Hobbs Bay, and Papakura Pā, to the north-west of the island.[2][4]

European (Pākehā) settlers arrived in the early 19th century. In 1841 Ngāti Pāoa sold the land to the crown as part of the Mahurangi Block. When the Kawerau returned, friction ensued as both peoples had a claim to the island. In 1867 the Māori Land Court awarded title to the Crown.

A lighthouse was constructed near the southern end in 1864, and remains in operation. In 1956, a xenon light source was fitted to the lighthouse, creating the most powerful light-beam achieved at the time by a New Zealand lighthouse. It had an output of 11 million candle-power and a range of 58 nautical miles, making it one of the most powerful lights in the world; most lights shone for 27 nautical miles.[5]

The island was farmed from the 1863 to 1971 by the Hobbs family, who also owned land on the peninsula.[6][4] when the lease expired. Management was then vested in the Hauraki Gulf Maritime Park Board.[1]

Regeneration and sanctuary

Forest on Tiritiri Matangi
Tiritiri Matangi wharf and ferry; day-trip passengers have just disembarked
The rare tieke or North Island saddleback thrives on Tiritiri Matangi

While originally forested, the island developed into pasture by the mid-20th century.

mustelids which were present on the mainland. At that time, although the island was devoid of suitable habitat and food sources, the hope was that native forest would regenerate naturally. It became apparent that natural afforestation was happening very slowly because a forest can only grow at its margins, and the island was covered mostly with dense grass and bracken fern. A plan was formulated to establish a nursery to collect cuttings and seed in order to expand the small pockets of forest habitat that were left in some of the valleys. Pōhutukawa was chosen as the main tree as it would eventually provide perches and roosts for birds who would then excrete the seed of the fruits that they had been eating, which would then germinate around the pōhutukawa.[2]

The next intervention was eradication in 1993 of the Polynesian rat, known to Māori as kiore, which was destroying seedlings and competing with birds for food. The kiore were killed by an aerial drop of poisoned bait, which was controversial due to its lack of planning and the effect on other wildlife. For instance, 90% of pūkeko on the island were killed, though the resident takahē were kept in an enclosure for the duration of the poisoning.[7]

Eighty-seven species of birds have been observed on or near the island. Eleven native species have been

takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri), little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii), stitchbird (hihi, Notiomystis cincta), North Island kōkako (Callaeas wilsoni), fernbird (mātātā, Poodytes punctatus), North Island tomtit (miromiro, Petroica macrocephala toitoi), and rifleman (titipounamu, Acanthisitta chloris).[4]

Non-avian translocations include 60

Motutapu. The closest land on the tip of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula, Shakespear Regional Park
has recently (2011) also become a mammalian pest-free fenced sanctuary, increasing immigration of the birds on Tiritiri to the nearby mainland.

A ferry service runs from Auckland Ferry Terminal[2] and Gulf Harbour, and guided tours are available. It is a popular destination for daytrippers, with trips often fully booked,[2] attracting some 30,000 visitors annually, who enjoy an intensity of birdsong rarely heard on the mainland. The island has hosted several tens of thousands of conservation volunteers.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Auckland Places - Tiritiri Matangi Island". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Government of New Zealand. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "The Hauraki Gulf Marine Park, Part 2". Inset to The New Zealand Herald. 3 March 2010. p. 8.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-473-13484-6
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-1-86962-1513
    .
  5. ^ "Timeline - Maritime NZ".
  6. ISBN 978-186979-185-8
    .
  7. ^ Armstrong, Doug (1999). Tiritiri Matangi Island Restoration Programme - Kiore eradication. Massey University. Archived via WebCite on 21 April 2011.
  8. ^ Tiritiri Matangi Ecosystem Restoration (from the Department of Conservation website)
  9. ^ "Tiritiri Matangi: An education resource for schools" (PDF). DOC. Retrieved 6 August 2018.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tiritiri Matangi Island.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tiritiri Matangi Island.
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