Tiriyó people
Protestant in Suriname) |
The Tiriyó (also known as Trio) are an
About 30% are Christians, while 70% follow indigenous religions.[citation needed]
History
The modern Tiriyó are formed from various different indigenous communities; some of these, such as the Aramixó, are mentioned in European writings as early as 1609–1610.[4] Many of the now-Tiriyó groups lived between Brazil and French Guiana until they were driven out by the Oyampi, a Tupi-Guaranian group allied with the Portuguese. Together, the Portuguese and Oyampi drove these groups westward, and they mingled with the groups that were in the area to form the modern Tiriyó group.[4]
As such, the Tiriyó established contact relatively early with runaway slave groups that settled in the area around the end of the 18th century. They maintained regular commercial relations with one group, the
Subsequent contact between Europeans and Tiriyó in the first half of the twentieth century produced ethnographic and linguistic studies of the region and Tiriyó subgroups in particular. After the ‘exploratory phase’ of contact came the ‘
Government
Granman of the Tiriyó people in Suriname | |
---|---|
Residence | Kwamalasamutu |
The Tiriyó have a high degree of independence, because their settlements are difficult to access. However, they are interested in reinforcing relationships with the foreign world.[4] Traditionally there was no clear hierarchy or a granman (paramount chief).
In 1997, Asongo Alalaparu was appointed granman by the Surinamese President, and captains were appointed to manage the village.[11] In 2011, a District Commissioner had been appointed to represent the central government[15] in the Coeroeni resort. As of 2019, the District Commission is Trees Cirino.[16]
The village of Kasuela is located in the disputed Tigri Area which is claimed by both Guyana and Suriname. The village is headed by Captain Kenke Jaimo who is recognized by both governments.[17][18]
The Tiriyó in
A problem which remains is that there are two systems: a traditional tribal government and a national government which are often not compatible.[20] The Tiriyó in the larger villages are influenced by schooling, modern day facilities, and telecommunications. The traditional culture is disappearing and young people are beginning to move to the city.[21]
Indigenous rights
A concern is the
Communities
The southernmost villages of Marithepu, Boca do Marapí and Santo Antonio are not indicated on the map. In the densely populated area around Missão Tiriyó and Kuxaré, the villages are not labeled.Notes
- ^ a b c d e "Tiriyó". Socio Ambiental.org. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ^ a b "GDF impacts Cashew Island through education". Guyana Chronicle. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
Estimation for Kasuela, however population of Sakuru is unknown
- ^ a b Mans 2012, p. 21.
- ^ a b c d e f g Meira 1999.
- ^ a b Benjamins & Snelleman 1916, p. 175.
- ^ a b c Mans 2012, p. 143.
- ^ Mans 2012, p. 171.
- ^ Mans 2012, p. 170.
- ^ Wekker, Molendijk & Vernooij 1992, p. 43.
- ^ Heemskerk & Delvoye 2007, p. 32.
- ^ a b Heemskerk & Delvoye 2007, p. 3.
- ^ Mans 2012, p. 129.
- ^ "Jimmy Toeroemang (30) nieuwe granman Kwamalasamutu". De Ware Tijd (in Dutch). Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ "Jimmy Toeroemang beëdigd als Groot-Opperhoofd Tareno (Trio) inheemse stam". Dagblad Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Structuur Analyse" (PDF). Planning Office Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ "DNA en districten". De Nationale Assemblée (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ^ "GDF impacts Cashew Island through education". Guyana Chronicle. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ^ "Dorpen en Dorpsbesturen". Vereniging van inheemse dorpshoofden Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ^ "Our Partners". Rutu Foundation. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ^ Boven 2006, p. 188.
- ^ "Kwamalasamutu". Project Cobra. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ^ "The Ndyuka Treaty Of 1760: A Conversation with Granman Gazon". Cultural Survival.org. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- Anton de Kom University(in Dutch). Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ "Wanze Eduards and S. Hugo Jabini. Suriname Forests". Goldman Environmental Prize. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ "GRONDWET VAN DE REPUBLIEK SURINAME" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- S2CID 154971383.
- ^ a b Heemskerk & Delvoye 2007, p. 22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Dorpen en Dorpsbesturen". Vereniging van Inheemse Dorpshoofden in Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ Carlin & Van Goethem 2009, p. 17.
- )
- ^ "GDF impacts Cashew Island through education". Guyana Chronicle. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Iori van Velthem Linke (2018). "Gestão territorial e ambiental nas terras indígenas do Rio Paru de Leste: um desafio coletivo no norte da Amazônia brasileira". University of Brasília (in Portuguese). p. 71. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "Caracterização do DSEI Amapá e Norte do Pará, conforme Edital de Chamada Pública n. 2/2017 (item 3.1)" (PDF). portalarquivos.saude.gov.br. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
References
- Benjamins, Herman; Snelleman, Johan (1916). Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië (PDF) (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 June 2020.
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ignored (help) - Boven, Karin M. (2006). Overleven in een Grensgebied: Veranderingsprocessen bij de Wayana in Suriname en Frans-Guyana (PDF). Amsterdam: Rozenberg Publishers.
- Carlin, Eithne B.; Van Goethem, Diederik (2009). In the Shadow of the Tiger: The Amerindians of Suriname. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers. ISBN 978-9460220-265.
- Heemskerk, Marieke; Delvoye, Katia (2007). Trio Baseline Study: A sustainable livelihoods perspective on the Trio Indigenous Peoples of South Suriname (PDF). Paramaribo: Stichting Amazon Conservation Team-Suriname.
- Heemskerk, Marieke; Delvoye, Katia; Noordam, Dirk; Teunissen, Pieter (2007). Wayana Baseline Study: A sustainable livelihoods perspective on the Wayana Indigenous Peoples living in and around Puleowime (Apetina), Palumeu, and Kawemhakan (Anapaike) in Southeast Suriname (PDF). Paramaribo: Stichting Amazon Conservation Team-Suriname.
- Mans, Jimmy (2012). Amotopoan trails : a recent archaeology of Trio movements (phd thesis). University of Leiden. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- Meira, S. (1999). A Grammar of Tiriyo (PDF) (phd thesis). Rice University. hdl:1911/19417.
- Wekker, J.; Molendijk, M.; Vernooij, J. (1992). De eerste volken van Suriname. Paramaribo: Stichting 12 oktober 1992.