Title

Titles include:

• styles of address
  , a phrase used to convey respect to the recipient of a communication, or to recognize an attribute such as:
  • Imperial, royal and noble ranks
  • Academic degree
  • Social titles
    , prevalent among certain sections of society due to historic or other reasons.
  • Other accomplishment, as with a title of honor
• Title of authority, an identifier that specifies the office or position held by an official

Titles in English-speaking areas

Common titles

• Mr. – Adult man (regardless of marital status)
• Ms. – Adult woman (regardless of marital status)
• Mrs. – Married Adult woman (includes widows and divorcées)
• Miss – Unmarried Adult Woman or Female child
• Master – Male Child
• Madam (also Madame and Ma'am) – Formal form of address for an adult woman. Also used to denote a position of power or respect, similar to the usage of "Mister" for men, e.g. "Mister/Madam Ambassador".
• Mx – Gender neutral title for non-binary people

Controversy around usage of common titles

Some people object to the usage of titles to denote marital status, age or gender. In 2018, a campaign named GoTitleFree^[1] was launched to encourage businesses to stop requesting, storing and using marital status titles in their registration forms, and when speaking with customers, launched on the grounds that titles often lead to assumptions about a woman's age or availability for marriage, and exclude non-binary people. This is in line with established practice advocated by the World Wide Web Consortium^[2] and the Government Digital Service^[3] which sets the standard for UK government online services. This in turn means that titles are optional on UK passports and driving licences.

Familial

Family titles in English-speaking countries include:

• Uncle – one's parent's brother (may also include great uncles)
• Aunt or Aunty – one's parent's sister (may also include great aunts)
• Granny, Gran, Grandma or Nana – one's grandmother (may also include great-grandmothers)
• Pop, Grandpa, Gramps or Grandad – one's grandfather (may also include great-grandfathers)

Legislative and executive titles

• Hon. (
  Privy Councillors), used in the United Kingdom

• MP, for members of the Parliament (usually the lower house)
• MYP, for members of the UK Youth Parliament
• MSYP, for members of the Scottish Youth Parliament
• Representative
• Senator, for members of the American or Australian upper house
• Speaker, for speaker of Parliament
• Vice President
  )
• Councillor, for member of a council
• Youth Councillor (YC)
• Selectman
• Delegate
• Mayor and related terms such as Lady Mayoress and Lord Mayor
• Lieutenant Governor
• Prefect
• Prelate
• Premier
• Burgess
• Ambassador
• Envoy
• General Secretary, Secretary of State
  , and other titles in the form "Secretary of..." in which Secretary means the same thing as Minister
• Attaché
• Chargé d'affaires
• Provost
• Minister (from which comes such titles as Prime Minister and Health Minister)

Aristocratic titles

• Imperial Russia before 1917. The German title is Fürst ("first"), a translation of the Latin term;^[A]
  the equivalent Russian term is князь (knyaz).
• Habsburg Dynasty that ruled Austria and Hungary
  until 1918.
• Romanov Dynasty Russian titles. Also used in various Germanic territories until World War I. Still survives in Luxembourg
  .
• Duchess – From the Latin Dux, a military title used in the Roman Empire, especially in its early Byzantine period
  when it designated the military commander for a specific zone.
• Marchioness
  – From the French marchis, literally "ruler of a border area" (from Old French marche meaning "border"); exact English translation is "March Lord", or "Lord of the March".
• Countess - From the Latin comes
  meaning "companion". The word was used by the Roman Empire in its Byzantine period as an honorific with a meaning roughly equivalent to modern English "peer". It became the title of those who commanded field armies in the Empire, as opposed to "Dux" which commanded locally based forces.
• Countess
  ) – From the Germanic jarl, meaning "chieftain", the title was brought to the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxons and survives in use only there, having been superseded in Scandinavia and on the European continent.
• Viscountess - From the Latin vicarius ("Deputy; substitute". Hence "vicar" and prefix "vice-") appended to Latin comes
  . Literally: "Deputy Count".
• Baroness - From the Late Latin
  Baro, meaning "man, servant, soldier". The title originally designated the chief feudal tenant of a place, who was in vassalage to a greater lord.

In the United Kingdom, "Lord" and "Lady" are used as titles for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs", they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. In Scotland "Lord of Parliament" and "Lady of Parliament" are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness in England.

• Second Lady
  , etc.)
• Empress – From the Latin Imperator
  , meaning he/she who holds the authority to command (imperium).
• King/Queen – Derived from Old Norse/Germanic words. The original meaning of the root of "king" apparently meant "leader of the family" or "descendant of the leader of the family", and the original meaning of "queen", "wife". By the time the words came into English they already meant "ruler".
• Tsar/Tsarina (Tsaritsa) – Slavonic loan-word from Latin.
• Roman Emperor through the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Loaned into German as Kaiser
  .
• Supreme Leader
  .
• Chieftess
  .

• Tarot cards based upon the Pope on the Roman Catholic Church. As the Bishop of Rome is an office always forbidden to women there is no formal feminine of Pope, which comes from the Latin word papa (an affectionate form of the Latin for father). The legendary female Pope Joan, is also referred to as Popess^[5]
  .
  Nonetheless some European languages, along with English, have formed a feminine form of the word pope, such as the Italian papessa, the French papesse, the Portuguese papisa, and the German Päpstin.

• Advocate
• Advocate General
  AG
• Attorney
• Bailiff
• Barrister
• Chancellor C (of the High Court)
• Admiralty Judge
• Justice J
  • Lord Chief Justice CJ (of the judiciary
    )
  • Lord Justice Clerk
  • Court of Appeal
    )
  • Justice of the Peace
• Magistrate and Promagistrate
• Court of Appeal
  )
• Member and Chairman, for members of quasi-judicial boards
• Mufti and Grand Mufti
• Notary
• President P (of the Queen's/King's Bench Division) or President
  P (of the Family Division)
  • Lord President of the Court of Session
• Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council
  )
• Queen's Counsel QC (King's Counsel KC when monarch
  is male)
• Solicitor

Historical

• Lictor
• Reeve
• Seneschal
• Tribune

Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)

Titles are used to show somebody's ordination as a priest or their membership in a religious order. Use of titles differs between denominations.

Religious

• Abbess
• Abbot
• Brother – also for monks
• Friar
• Mother, Mother Superior, and Reverend Mother
• Reverend
• Sister – for religious sisters and nuns

Priests

Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar to The Reverend.

• Prince Bishop
  )
• Presbyter
• Priest (from which comes High Priest. The feminine equivalent is Priestess.)
• Father (Fr.)
• Patriarch
• Pope
• Catholicos
• Vicar
• Chaplain
• Canon
• Pastor
• Prelate
• Primate
• Benedictine monks in solemn religious vows, but reserved for abbots among the Trappists
  . In Brazil, it is used for bishops.
• Cardinal
• Ter (title) – Used by Armenian priests.^{[citation needed]}

Used for deceased persons only

• Servant of God
• Venerable
• Blessed
• Saint (abbreviated S. or St.)

Other

• Jesus of Nazareth
• Deacon and Archdeacon
• Acolyte
• Dean
• Elder
• Minister
• Monsignor
• President (in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
• Reader
• Lord High Almoner
  (Christian)
• Apostle
• Prophet
• Teacher
• Seventy
• Evangelist
• High Priest
• Great (Lord) Father of all churches

Academic titles

• Dr. – Short for
  DPhil, MD, DO, DDS, EdD, DCN, DBA, DNP, PharmD, DVM, and LLD. Those with JD
  degrees, although technically allowed, do not use this as a title by convention.
• Prof. – Professor
• Doc. – Docent
• EUR ING – Short for European Engineer, an international professional qualification and title for highly qualified engineers used in over 32 European countries.

Military titles

Military ranks are used before names.

• Vice Admiral
  )
• Brigadier
• Group Captain
  )
• Colonel (from which comes Lieutenant Colonel)
• Wing Commander
  )
• Air Commodore
  )
• Staff Corporal
  )
• Vicar General
• Lord Lieutenant
  )
• Major
• Field Marshal
  )
• First Mate
• Warrant Officer
  .
• Private, and many equivalent ranks depending on regiment.
• Sergeant at Arms
  ).

Maritime and seafarer's professions and ranks

The names of shipboard officers, certain shipping line employees and

• Captain
  – a ship's highest responsible officer acting on behalf of the ship's owner (Master) or a person who is responsible for the maintenance of the vessels of a shipping line, for their docking, the handling of cargo and for the hiring of personnel for deck departments (Port Captain).
• Chief – a licensed mariner in charge of the engineering (
  Chief Mate
  or Officer) department
• Mate – licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship (see
  Third Mate
  )
• Cadet – unlicensed trainee mate/officer or engineer under training

Law enforcement

The names of police officers may be preceded by a title such as "Officer" or by their rank.

• Senior Constable
  )
• Agent
• Sergeant
• Officer
• Chief

Protected professional titles

In North America, several jurisdictions restrict the use of some professional titles to those individuals holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Individuals not authorised to use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles are often reserved to those professions that require a bachelor's degree^[6] or higher and a state, provincial, or national license.

• Professional Engineer, Registered Engineer,^[7] Engineer (in Quebec)^[8]
• Professional Nurse, Registered Nurse, Nurse^[9]

• Principal
• Nanny
• Coach
• Wizard, such as the
  Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan
• Brother or Sister
• Chief Scout (The Scout Association) – the head of The Scout Association
• King's Scout – title conferred upon a scout upon achieving highest attainable award achievable in the Scouting movement
• Queen's Guide – title conferred upon a guide upon highest attainable award for members of the Girl Guiding movement
• Scout,
  Eagle Scout
• Grandmaster

Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems

• First Citizen
• Comrade

Non-English speaking areas

Default titles in other languages

Rajput social titles

Titles used in

• Hukum – used in general to address any Rajput. Also used as suffix after following titles.
• Daata – used for highest male member of a Rajput family.
• Banna – used for Rajput boys.
• Baisa – used for Rajput girls.
• Babosa – used for eldest man of family.
• Bhabha – used for eldest woman of family.

Martial Arts

• Sensei - used for martial arts instructors
• Sempai
  - used for junior karate instructors and karate instructors in training
• Karate-ka - used for karate students
• Judge - used for the judges and referees at martial arts tournaments
• Master - used for kung-fu instructors or people who have studied the art their entire life

Academic

• Docent
• Doctorandus, abbreviated as drs.

Religious

• Ayatollah
• Seghatoleslam
• Bodhisattva
• Bhagat
• Druid and Archdruid
• Granthi
• Guru
• Hakham
• Buddha
• Hajji
• Imam
• Jathedar
• Jathedarni
• Kohen
• Lama and the related Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama
• Mahatma
• Mahdi
• Mullah
• Mawlana
• Mawlawi
• Nath
• Pastor
• Pujari
• Rabbi
• Rebbe
• Reverend
• Rosh HaYeshiva
• Rishi
• Saoshyant
• Sadhu
• Sadhvi
• Sardar
• Sardarni
• Tirthankar
• Vardapet
• Yogi
• Yogini

Honorary titles

• Mahatma
• Oknha
• Pandit
• Sant
• Sheikh
• Swami
• Ustad

Rulers

• Vice-Chancellor
  )
• "Dear Leader" and "Supreme Leader" referred to
  Kim Jong-un
  . (친애하는 지도자, ch'inaehanŭn jidoja)
• Elder
• Emir/Emira – Arabic Prince/Princess
• Eze
• Maharajah
• Rajah
• Rai
• Babu
• Dato
• Mwami
• Nizam
• Oba
• Obi
• Sultan/Sultana (title) – Arabic for "powerful ruler"
• Paramount Chief
• Grand Vizier
• Stadtholder

Historical titles for heads of state

The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties.

Appointed

• Caesar (an honorific family name passed through Roman emperors by adoption)
• Legate
• Satrap
• Tetrarch

Elected or popularly declared

• Archon
• Augustus (title)
• Caudillo
• Consul
• Decemvir
• Doge
• Duce
• Führer
• Imperator
• Lord Protector
• Roman dictator
• Triumvir

Hereditary

• Basileus
• Caliph
• Khagan
• Khan
• King-Emperor (the feminine equivalent is Queen-Empress)
• Malik
• Maharajah
• Rajah
• Rai
• Mikado
• Mirza
• Nawab
• Negus
• Patil
• Pharaoh
• Regina (the masculine form is Rex)
• Saopha
• Sapa Inca
• Shah
• Tsar

When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash.

• Africa
  • Fulani
    people of west Africa
  • Ashanti People in Ghana
  • Eze – Igbo people of Nigeria
  • Kabaka – Baganda people of Buganda in Uganda
  • Mwami – Kings of Rwanda and Burundi
  • Negus – Ethiopia
  • Oba – Yoruba people of Nigeria
  • Omukama – Bunyoro, title of some Emperors/kings in Uganda
  • Pharaoh – ancient Egypt
• Asia
  • Arasan/Arasi – Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka
  • Arqa/Thagavor –
    King of Armenia
  • Bayin – The title given to the king of pre colonial
    Burma
  • Rajah/ Rai/ Chakarwarti Raja – India Sri Lanka
  • Chogyal — "Divine Ruler" — ruled Sikkim until 1975
  • Datu – pre-colonial Philippines
  • Druk Gyalpo — hereditary title given to the king of Bhutan
  • Engku or Ungku – Malaysia, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty
    • Hari – Filipino title for king
  • Huángdì – Imperial China (Emperor)
    • Hwangje
      – Self-styled Korean "emperor"; states that unified Korea
    • Hoang De
      – Self-styled Vietnamese "emperor"; unified Vietnam
  • Maha raja/feminine form is Maharani – Emperor, Empress India, Sri Lanka
  • Meurah – Aceh before Islam
  • Mirza
    , Persian/Iranian, Indian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King
    • Baig or Bey
      in Under Mirza & using King or Military title.
  • Patil – meaning "head" or "chief" is an Indian title. The Patil is in effect the ruler of this territory as he was entitled to the revenues collected therefrom.
  • King of Thailand
    (Siam), the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title does not refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)
    • Racha – Thailand, same meaning as Raja
    • Raja – pre-colonial Philippines
    • Raja – Malaysia, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
    • Raja/Rani – Nepal King
    • Rani – Nepali Queen
  • Patabenda – Sub- king Sri Lanka
  • King of Cambodia Khmer
    , the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (referring not directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to tradition)
  • Qaghan – Central Asian Tribes
  • Saopha – Shan, king of Shan, today as a part of Myanmar
  • Persian/Iranian "King of Kings" or Persian rulers in Hindustan(India
    )
    • Shah – Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King
  • UAE
    )
  • Sultan/Sultana – Arabic King (present Oman and former Ottoman Empire)
    • Aceh, Brunei, Java, Oman, Malaysia, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states.
  • Susuhanan – the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition
  • Islamic World
    , descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
  • Tennō or Mikado – Japan
    • military dictator
    • Sumeramikoto, Okimi
      – Japan, king
  • Tengku – Malaysia, Indonesia
    , Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor), Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Deli Sultanate of Indonesia is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
  • Veyndhan, ko/Arasi – Tamil Nadu(India)
  • Wang (King) – pre-Imperial China. In China, "king" is the usual translation for the term wang, 王.
    • Wang
      – States of Korea that did not have control over the entire peninsula.
    • Vuong
      – States in Vietnam that did not control the entire realm.
  • Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    – Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state
• Europe
  • Autocrator
    – Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor
  • Basileus – Greek ruler
  • Byzantine court title, also granted in the states under Byzantine influence, such as the Latin Empire, Bulgaria, Serbia, and the Empire of Trebizond
    .
  • Domn (in Romanian)/Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) – Medieval Romania (Moldova, Wallachia
    )
  • Fejedelem
    – Ancient/Medieval Hungarian
  • Germanic king
  • Großbürger/Großbürgerin (English: Grand Burgher) – historical German title acquired or inherited by persons and family descendants of the ruling class in autonomous German-speaking cities and towns of Central Europe, origin under the Holy Roman Empire
    , ceased after 1919 along with all titles of German nobility.
  • Kaiser/Kaiserin – Imperial rulers of Germany and of Austria-Hungary
  • Kniaz'
    /Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as "prince") – Kievan Rus'/Serbia
  • Kunigaikshtis (Kunigaikštis) – Lithuanian, duke as in Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    .
  • High King in Gaelic
    Ireland, also Scotland
  • Tsar/Tsarina – the ruler of Imperial Russia
  • Tsar/Tsaritsa – Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia
  • Vezér – Ancient Hungarian
  • Vojvoda (Serbian)/Vajda (Hungarian) – Serbian/Hungarian/Romany title
  • Župan, sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) – Serbia, Croatia
• Oceania
  • Chieftain – Leader of a tribe or clan.
  • aliʻi, tūlafale, tavana, ariki
    – usually translated as "chief" in various Polynesian countries.
  • "Mo'i" – normally translated as King, used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold that title was Queen Lili'uokalani.^[citation needed]
  • Tuʻi or tui – there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e. Samoa, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, Nauru)