Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
Patriarch of Antioch | |
---|---|
Bishopric | |
catholic | |
Information | |
Established | 1100 |
Dissolved | 1964 |
Cathedral | Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore |
The Latin patriarch of Antioch was a prelate of the
The jurisdiction of the Latin patriarchs in Antioch extended over the three feudal principalities of Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli. Towards the end of the twelfth century the island of Cyprus was added. In practice they were far more dependent upon the popes than their predecessors, the Greek patriarchs. After the fall of Antioch (1268) the popes still appointed patriarchs, who, however, were unable to take possession of the see. Since the middle of the fourteenth century they were only titular dignitaries. The title was last conferred in 1925.
Background
The seat of the
After 1054, the See of Antioch came under the influence of the
However, after the
History
During the Crusades
The crusaders reinstated at first the Greek patriarch, then
The Byzantine Empire was greatly offended by this and tried to re-establish either a Greek patriarchate or a joint patriarchate. Though the Treaty of Devol in 1108 nominally restored a Greek patriarch, the treaty was never enforced. Under Manuel I Komnenos there was briefly a joint patriarchate when Antioch fell under Byzantine control, but for the most part there was only a Latin patriarch. The Byzantine Empire recognized this de facto control of the See of Antioch and the Latin Patriarch soon played a key role in solidifying ties between the Crusader states and the Byzantine Empire. This represented one of the sole instances of coordinated action by Byzantine and the Franks throughout the crusader period, and led to a number of joint political, diplomatic, military, and marriage alliances. The Latin Patriarch of Antioch was established to serve the Catholic members of the diocese and represent all Christians living in its territory and was one of the major ecclesiastical authorities in the Crusader states. Throughout the Crusader period both Greeks and Latins served under its hierarchy which included numerous suffragan bishops, abbots, cathedrals, monasteries, and churches under its ecclesiastical rule.
In 1206, seeing that the Byzantine Empire was no longer a threat and wanting to gain the goodwill of his Greek subjects as he feared the Armenians of Cilicia, Prince Bohemond IV restored a Greek Patriarch to Antioch for a short period. The Mongols also favored a Greek Patriarch, but Latin Patriarchs held the see until the Crusaders had been ousted.[4]
The Patriarchate in Exile
In 1342, the Greek Patriarchate transferred his seat to Damascus which grew in prominence as the city of Antioch's Christian and overall population declined.
Both Latin and Greek Patriarchs continued to be appointed by the Pope and the Byzantine Emperor respectively during the following centuries. However, the Latin Patriarch was a
Supression
The seat remained vacant until the title was suppressed in January 1964, along with the titles of the
List of Latin religious heads of Antioch
Latin patriarchs of Antioch
- Bernard of Valence (1100–1135)
- Ralph I of Domfront (1135–1139)
- Aimery of Limoges (1139–1193)
- Ralph II (1193–1196)
- Peter of Angoulême (1196–1208)
- Peter of Ivrea(1209–1216)
- vacant (1216–1219)
- Peter of Capua (1219), never consecrated
- Rainier (1219–1225)
- Albert Rezzato (1226–1245)
- Opizo Fieschi(1247–1292), in exile after 1268
Titular Latin patriarchs of Antioch
- Unknown
- Gerardus Odonis (1342–1349)
- Pedro Amariz (Pedro Clasquerin) (1375–1380 Died)[9]
- ...
- Václav Králík z Buřenic (1397–1416)
- Ludovico (1476)
- ...
- Gerard de Crussol (Bastet de Crussol) (1471–1472 Died)[10]
- Lorenzo Zanni (Lorenzo Zane) (1473–1485 Died)[11]
- Giovanni Michiel (1497–1503 Died)[12]
- Alfonso Carafa (bishop) (1504–1505)
- ...
- St. Juan de Ribera (1568–1611 Died)[13]
- Tomás Dávalos de Aragón (1611– 1621 Died)[14]
- Luigi Caetani (1622–1626)
- Giovanni Battista Pamphili(1626–1629), later Pope Innocent X of Rome
- Cesare Monti (1629–1633)
- Fabio Lagonissa (1634–1652)
- Unknown
- Giacomo Altoviti (1667–1693)
- Michelangelo Mattei (1693–1699)
- Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon(1701–1710)
- Giberto Bartolomeo Borromeo (1711–1717)
- Filippo Anastasio (1724–1735)
- Joaquín Fernández Portocarrero(1735–1760?)
- Giulio Maria della Somaglia (1788–1795)
- Unknown
- Antonio Despuig y Dameto (1799–1813)
- Vacant (1813–1822)
- Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei (1822–1833)
- Unknown – possibly Latin Patriarch of Constantinople.
- Unknown – possibly
- Albert Barbolani di Montauto (1856–1857)
- Latin Patriarch of Constantinople
- Vacant (1860–1862)
- Carolus Belgrado (1862–1866)
- Paulus Brunoni (1868–1877)
- Vacant (1877–1879)
- Petrus De Villanova (1879–1881)
- Placidus Ralli (1882–1884)
- Vacant (1884–1886)
- Vencentius Tizzani (1886–1892)
- Vacant (1892–1895)
- Francesco di Paola Cassetta (1895–1899)
- Latin Patriarch of Constantinople.
- Lorenzo Passarini (1901–1915)
- Ladislao Michele Zaleski(1916–1925)
- Roberto Vicentini (1925–1953)
- Vacancy from 1953 until the Latin titular patriarchate was officially abolished in 1964.
See also
- Patriarchate of Antioch
- Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria
- Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople
- Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Apamea
References
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. XVII. 1925. p. 647. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ a b Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ | title= The Eastern Schism| page= 96-97 | first = Steven | last = Runciman | date=1955 | publisher = Oxford Clarendon
- ^ "Msgr. Roberto Vicentini". New York Times. 14 October 1953. p. 29. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Three Latin quriarchafes dropped, yearbook reveals". 1964. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ISBN 9788876527739. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ The First Crusade, Steven Runciman, page 164, Cambridge University Press, 2005
- Catholic–Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 28, 2016
- Catholic–Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 28, 2016
- Catholic–Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 28, 2016
- Catholic–Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 28, 2016
- Catholic–Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 28, 2016
- Catholic–Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 28, 2016
Sources and external links
- List of Latin Patriarchs of Antioch by GCatholic.org