Tokat
Tokat | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 40°18′50″N 36°33′15″E / 40.31389°N 36.55417°E | |
Country | Turkey |
Province | Tokat |
District | Tokat |
Government | |
• Mayor | Eyüp Eroğlu (AKP) |
Elevation | 623 m (2,044 ft) |
Population (2022)[1] | 163,405 |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Postal code | 60100/60200 |
Area code | 0356 |
Website | www |
Tokat is a city of Turkey in the mid-Black Sea region of Anatolia. It is the seat of Tokat Province and Tokat District.[2] Its population is 163,405 (2022).[1] It is located at the confluence of the Tokat River (Tokat Suyu) with the Yeşilırmak.
History
The city was established in the
Known as Evdokia or Eudoxia,[a] ecclesiastically it was later incorporated into the western part of the Byzantine Greek Empire of Trebizond.
Some authors like Guillaume de Jerphanion[4] and William Mitchell Ramsay[5] identified Tokat with the ancient and medieval Dazimon, with Ramsay saying, "Dazimon, which seems to have been a fortress, must have been the modern Tokat, with its strong castle.[5]
Henri Grégoire, on the other hand, refuted this as implausible, because a 13th-century text written by Ibn Bibi clearly distinguishes Dazimon and Tokat as separate places.[4] Instead, he said, Tokat should be identified with the town of Dokeia (Greek: Δόκεια) mentioned in another 10th-century text, by Theophanes Continuatus, which says that the Byzantine general John Kourkouas was born in a village near Dokeia sometime in the 9th century.[4] According to Grégoire, the name "Dokeia" does not have a Greek etymology and probably represents an old Anatolian place name.[4] The supposed derivation from "Eudokia", he claimed, is only a folk etymology that came much later.[4]
After the
Prior to the late Ottoman genocides, Tokat had 40,000 residents of which included 15,000 Armenians, 1,000 Greeks, and a small number of Jews.[3]
Climate
Tokat has a
: Dc). Due to the relatively high altitude and inland location, winters are fairly cold with average lows below the freezing point and significant snowfall.Climate data for Tokat (1991–2020, extremes 1929–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
22.8 (73.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.2 (99.0) |
39.8 (103.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
40.8 (105.4) |
40.7 (105.3) |
35.3 (95.5) |
30.8 (87.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
45.0 (113.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
3.7 (38.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
2.9 (37.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.7 (56.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.4 (−10.1) |
−22.1 (−7.8) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
0.0 (32.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
6.1 (43.0) |
6.7 (44.1) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−23.4 (−10.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.1 (1.62) |
33.8 (1.33) |
45.8 (1.80) |
52.5 (2.07) |
61.7 (2.43) |
40.4 (1.59) |
12.7 (0.50) |
10.1 (0.40) |
18.2 (0.72) |
41.4 (1.63) |
43.1 (1.70) |
42.1 (1.66) |
442.9 (17.44) |
Average precipitation days | 13.50 | 12.57 | 15.67 | 15.17 | 15.70 | 10.63 | 4.40 | 3.87 | 6.83 | 10.10 | 10.37 | 13.87 | 132.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 83.7 | 104.5 | 142.6 | 186.0 | 226.3 | 237.0 | 269.7 | 282.1 | 243.0 | 182.9 | 129.0 | 77.5 | 2,164.3 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 5.9 |
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service[6] |
Economy
Historically, copper was mined in the area. According to Greek researcher, Dimosthenis Oeconomidis (1858–1938):
The town was notorious for its textile industry and its copper manufacturing plants which were reliant on the Kempan Maden mine, a mine which has since been depleted but which in the prior century kept 600 factories in operation.
— [3]
Culture
Education
Sports
Football is the most popular sport: in the older districts above the city center children often kick balls around in the evenings in the smallest streets. The city's
Basketball, volleyball, tennis, swimming, cable skiing (in summer), horse riding, go karting, paintballing, martial arts and many other sports are played. Cycling and jogging are only common along the sea front, where recreational fishing is also popular.
Cuisine
Foods distinctive to Tokat include Tokat kebabı and Zile pekmezi, the latter being served in a wooden pot. Tokat kebabı consists of sliced lamb, aubergines, potatoes, green bell peppers and tomatoes. The slices are laid on their sides in rows in a dish and baked with cloves of garlic.[7] Zile pekmezi is a grape-molasses confection, prepared from a variety of small green grapes, which are pressed (traditionally by foot but nowadays by machine) and then evaporated to a thick syrup by boiling. Egg-whites are then beaten into the syrup until it forms a pale marshmallow-like paste. It is sold commercially in tubs.[8]
Tourism
The most important landmark is
-
Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque
-
Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque View along side
-
Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque View along side
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Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Entrance
-
Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Entrance
-
Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Interior
-
Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Interior
-
Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Mausoleum
The Latifoglu Konak, a late 18th-century Ottoman residence, is an example of Baroque architecture. The two-story building has been restored and has been converted into a small museum. Much of the furniture in the kitchen, study, visitors' rooms with bath and toilet, bedroom, master's room, and harem is original.
Ballıca Cave is a small cave situated at 6 km (3.8 mi) southeast of Pazar, Tokat Province.
-
Ballıca Cave Image
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Ballıca Han Door decoration
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Ballıca Han Decoration at entrance
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Ballıca Han View into closed courtyard
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Ballıca Han Exterior wall
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Tokat Clock Tower.
Notable people
- Apkar Tebir Tokhatetsi (1520?–1572?), Armenian printer and typographer
- Gazi Osman Paşa(1832–1897), Ottoman commander
- Symeon Savvidis (1859–1927), Greek painter
- Mehmet Emin Tokadi Hazretleri (1664–1745), Sufi saint of Istanbul
- Krikor Balakian(1875–1934), Armenian bishop
- Cahit Külebi (1917–1997), Turkish poet
- Engin Günaydın (born 1972), Turkish actor and comedian
- Hüseyin Akbaş (1933–1989), Turkish World and Olympic Champion in wrestling
- Seda Sayan (born 1964), Turkish pop folk singer, actress and TV variety-show hostess
- Aziz Kocaoğlu (born 1948), mayor and politician.
International relations
Tokat is
Europe
|
Africa |
See also
Notes
- ^ The town was called "Tokation", then it was renamed to Evdokia (Evdoksia), after Byzantine Emperor Heraclius' daughter, Eudoxia Epiphania.[3]
References
- ^ TÜİK. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ İl Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Tokat - Τοκάτη". pontosworld.com. 5 February 2017.
- ^ JSTOR 44169796. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ a b Ramsay, William Mitchell (1890). The Historical Geography of Asia Minor. London. pp. 329–30. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- YouTube
- ^ "Zile pekmezi", Zile haber (Commerce of Zile), Tokat, Turkey (Turkish)
- ^ 'Dracula's Dungeon' Discovered by Archaeologists at Tokat Castle in Turkey
- ^ Archaeologists In Turkey Say They've Discovered Dracula's Dungeon
- ^ Tokat'ın kardeş şehir ve belediyeleri Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, Tokat Newspaper, (16 June 2013)
- Presidency of Religious Affairs(2013)
Sources and external links
- Tokat at kultur.gov.tr
- Tokat web news