Tokugawa Hidetada

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Hidetada" redirects here. For the given name, see Hidetada (given name).
In this Japanese name, the surname is Tokugawa.
Shōgun
In office
1605–1623
MonarchsGo-Yōzei
Go-Mizunoo
Preceded byTokugawa Ieyasu
Succeeded byTokugawa Iemitsu
Personal details
BornMay 2, 1579
Tokugawa Shogunate
(now Tokyo, Japan)
Resting placeTaitoku-in Mausoleum
Spouse(s)O-hime
Oeyo
Children

Among Others...

Parents
  • Saigō-no-Tsubone (mother)
Posthumous
dharma name		Taitoku-in-den Kōren-jya Tokuyo Nyūsai Daikoji (台徳院殿興蓮社徳誉入西大居士)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Tokugawa clan
Eastern Army
Imperial Court
Tokugawa shogunate
Unit Tokugawa clan
Battles/warsSiege of Ueda
Siege of Osaka

Tokugawa Hidetada (徳川 秀忠, May 2, 1579 – March 14, 1632) was the second

shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate
.

Early life (1579–1593)

Tokugawa Hidetada was born to

Tokugawa Nobuyasu were executed on suspicion of plotting to assassinate Oda Nobunaga, who was Nobuyasu's father-in-law and Ieyasu's ally. By killing his wife and son, Ieyasu declared his loyalty to Nobunaga. In 1589, Hidetada's mother fell ill, her health rapidly deteriorated, and she died at Sunpu Castle. Later Hidetada with his brother, Matsudaira Tadayoshi, was raised by Lady Acha
, one of Ieyasu's concubines. His childhood name was Chomaru (長丸), later becoming Takechiyo (竹千代).

The traditional power base of the Tokugawa clan was

heir
of the Tokugawa family, being the eldest surviving son of Ieyasu, and his favorite (since Ieyasu's eldest son had been previously executed, and his second son was adopted by Hideyoshi while still an infant). In 1593, Hidetada returned to his father's side.

In 1590, Hidetada married O-Hime (1585–1591), daughter of Oda Nobukatsu and adopted daughter of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. O-Hime died in 1591, and was given the posthumous Buddhist name Shunshoin. In 1595, Hidetada married Oeyo, daughter of Azai Nagamasa and adopted daughter of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Their wedding was held in Fushimi Castle.

Military achievements (1593–1605)

In 1595, Hidetada married

Go-Mizunoo (of descent from the Fujiwara clan).[2]

Knowing his death would come before his son Toyotomi Hideyori came of age, Hideyoshi named five regents—one of whom was Hidetada's father, Ieyasu—to rule in his son's place. Hideyoshi hoped that the bitter rivalry among the regents would prevent any one of them from seizing power. But after Hideyoshi died in 1598 and Hideyori became nominal ruler, the regents forgot all vows of eternal loyalty and were soon vying for control of the nation. Tokugawa Ieyasu was one of the strongest of the five regents, and began to rally around himself an Eastern faction. A Western faction rallied around Ishida Mitsunari. The two factions clashed at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Ieyasu won decisively, which set the stage for Tokugawa rule.

Hidetada had led 16,000 of his father's men in a campaign to contain the Western-aligned Uesugi clan in Shinano. Ieyasu then ordered Hidetada to march to Sekigahara in anticipation of the decisive battle against the Western faction. But the Sanada clan managed to tie down Hidetada's force, so he arrived too late to assist in his father's narrow but decisive victory. Ieyasu was incensed with Hidetada and was only convinced by his advisors not to punish his son. On 3 December 1601, Hidetada's first son, Chōmaru (長丸), was born to a young maiden from Kyoto named Onatsu. In September 1602, Chōmaru fell ill and died; his funeral was held at Zōjō-ji temple in Shibe.

In 1603 Emperor

shōgun
. Thus Hidetada became the heir to the shogunate.

Shōgun (1605–1623)

To avoid his predecessor's fate, Ieyasu established a dynastic pattern soon after becoming shogun by abdicating in favor of Hidetada in 1605. Ieyasu retained significant power until his death in 1616; but Hidetada nevertheless assumed a role as formal head of the

bakufu bureaucracy.[3]

Much to the dismay of Ieyasu, in 1612, Hidetada engineered a marriage between

Sen, Ieyasu's favorite granddaughter, and Toyotomi Hideyori, who was living as a commoner in Osaka Castle with his mother. When this failed to quell Hideyori's intrigues, Ōgosho Ieyasu and Shogun Hidetada brought an army to Osaka.[4]

In 1614-1615, at Siege of Osaka, father and son once again disagreed on how to conduct this campaign against the recalcitrant Toyotomi forces in Osaka. In the ensuing siege Hideyori and his mother were forced to commit suicide. Even Hideyori's infant son (Kunimatsu), that he had with a concubine, was not spared. Only Sen was spared; she later remarried and had a new family.

After Ieyasu's death in 1616,

Kazuko to Emperor Go-Mizunoo.[4] The product of that marriage, a girl, eventually succeeded to the throne of Japan to become Empress Meishō. The city of Edo
was also heavily developed under his reign.

Ogosho (1623–1632)

Shogun Iemitsu visiting Taitoku-in Mausoleum, as depicted in the Edo-zu byōbu screens (17th century)

In

Nagasaki
in 1628.

Ōgosho Hidetada died in Kan'ei 9, on the 24th day of the 1st month (March 14, 1632).[5] His Buddhist posthumous name is Daitoku-in (台徳院).[6] His ashes were ceremoniously laid to rest in the Taitoku-in Mausoleum in Edo.

Taitokuin Mausoleum Gate located in Shiba park

Honours

Eras

The years in which Hidetada was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one

nengō.[4]

Family

Parents

Status image Name posthumous Name Birth Death Parents
Father Tokugawa Ieyasu Hogo Onkokuin January 31, 1543 June 1, 1616 Matsudaira Hirotada
Odai no Kata
Mother
Saigō-no-Tsubone
 Hōdaiin 1552 July 1, 1589 Tozuka Tadaharu
Saigo Masakatsu's daughter

Siblings (Mother side)

Name Posthumous Name Birth Death Father Marriage Issue
Saigo Katsutada 1570 Saigō Yoshikatsu
Toku-hime Saigō Yoshikatsu

Wives and Concubines

Status Image Name Posthumous Name Birth Death Parents Issue
First Wife (died before marriage) O-Hime Kantōin 1585 August 27, 1591 Oda Nobukatsu of Uda-Matsuyama Domain
Chiyo-Gozen (Kitabatake Tomonori’s daughter)
Second Wife Oeyo Sūgen'in August 1573 September 15, 1626 Azai Nagamasa
Oichi		 Senhime married Toyotomi Hideyori later Honda Tadatoki of Himeji Domain
Tamahime (1599–1622) married Maeda Toshitsune of Kaga Domain
Katsuhime (1601–1672) married Matsudaira Tadanao of Fukui Domain
Hatsuhime (1602–1630) married Kyōgoku Tadataka of Matsue Domain
Tokugawa Iemitsu, 3rd shogun
Tokugawa Tadanaga of Sunpu Domain
Kazuhime married Emperor Go-Mizunoo

Children

Image Name Posthumous Name Birth Death Mother Spouse Issue
Senhime Tenjuin May 26, 1597 March 11, 1666 Oeyo First: Toyotomi Hideyori
Second: Honda Tadatoki of Himeji Domain		 By Second: Katsuhime (1618–1678) married Ikeda Mitsumasa of Okayama Domain
Kochiyo (1619–1621)
Tamahime Tentoku-in August 1, 1599 August 9, 1622 Oeyo Maeda Toshitsune of Kaga Domain Kametsuruhime (1613–1630) married Mori Tadahiro (1604–1633)
Maeda Mitsutaka of Kaga Domain
Kohime
Maeda Toshitsugu (1617–1674) of Toyama Domain
Maeda Toshiharu (1618–1660) of Daishōji Domain
Manhime (1620–1700) married Asano Mitsuakira of Hiroshima Domain
Tomihime (1621–1662) married Imperial Prince Hachijō-no-miya Toshitada (1619–1662)
Natsuhime (1622–1623)
Katsuhime Tensūin June 12, 1601 March 20, 1672 Oeyo Matsudaira Tadanao of Fukui Domain Matsudaira Mitsunaga (1615–1707) of Takada Domain
Kamehime (1617–1681) married Imperial Prince Takamatsu-no-miya Yoshihito (1603–1638)
Tsuruhime (1618–1671) married Kujō Michifusa
Chomaru Shutokuin 3 December 1601 September 1602 servant
Hatsuhime Kōan-in August 25, 1602 April 16, 1630 Oeyo Kyōgoku Tadataka of Matsue Domain
Tokugawa Iemitsu, 3rd Shogun Daiyūin-dono zosho August 12, 1604 June 8, 1651 Oeyo Takako (1622–1683), Takatsukasa Nobufusa’s daughter By concubines: Chiyohime (1637–1699) married
Kofu Domain
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
, 5th Shogun
Tsurumatsu (1647–1648)
Tokugawa Tadanaga of Sunpu Domain Bugan’in-dono zeneshoshintechigyoundaikoji 1606 January 5, 1634 Oeyo Masako (1614–1690), Oda Nobuyoshi of Obata Domain
Kazuhime Tofukumon’in November 23, 1607 August 2, 1678 Oeyo Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Empress Meisho
Second Princess (1625–1651) married Konoe Hisatsugu
Imperial Prince Sukehito (1626–1628)
Prince Waka (1628)
Imperial Princess Akiko (1629–1675)
Imperial Princess Yoshiko (1632–1696) married Nijō Mitsuhira

Princess Kiku (1633–1634)
Hoshina Masayuki of Aizu Domain Hanitsu-reishin June 17, 1611 February 4, 1673 Oshizu-no-Kata First: Kunihime (1619–1637; Naito Masanaga {1568–1634} of Iwakitaira Domain)
Second: Oman-no-Kata (1620–1691, Fujiki Hiroyuki's daughter)		 By First: Komatsu (1634–1638)
By second: Hoshina Masayori (1640–1657)
Haruhime married Uesugi Tsunakatsu of Yonezawa Domain
Nakahime (1643–1649)
Shogen (1645)
Hoshina Masatsune (1646–1681) of Aizu Domain
Ishihime (1648–1667) married Inaba Masamichi of Sakura Domain
Kamehime (1650–1651)
Fuhime (1649–1651)
Hoshina Masazumi (1652–1671)
By Concubines: Kikuhime (1645–1647)
Sumahime (1648–1666) married Maeda Tsunanori of Kaga Domain
Kinhime (1658–1659)
Matsudaira Masakata (1669–1731) of Aizu Domain
Sanhime (b.1673)

Adopted Daughters

Ancestry

See also

  • Aoi Tokugawa Sandai
    , a TV series about the life of Hidetada.

Notes

  1. ^ Wilson, Richard L. (1985). Ogata Kenzan (1663–1743) (PhD thesis/dissertation). Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas. OCLC 19111312
  2. Gō: Himetachi no Sengoku; and it will be based on the life of Oeyo, who was the mother of Tokugwa Masako – see 大河ドラマ 第50 作 江（ごう）　姫たちの戦国 Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine; "Atsuhime"-Autorin für NHKs 2011er Taiga-Drama gewählt (citing Tokyograph), Archived 2011-05-06 at the Wayback Machine J-Dorama
    .
  3. ^ Titsingh, I. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, p. 409.
  4. ^ a b c d Titsingh, p. 410.
  5. ^ a b Screech, T. Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. p.85.
  6. ^ Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822 at Google Books
  7. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). Retrieved 4 July 2018.

References

  • ISBN 0-7007-1720-X
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1822). Illustrations of Japan. London: Ackerman.
  • Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/
    Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
    .
  • Totman, Conrad. (1967). Politics in the Tokugawa bakufu, 1600–1843. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Wilson, Richard L. (1985). Ogata Kenzan (1663–1743) (PhD thesis/dissertation). Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas. OCLC 19111312
Military offices
Preceded by
Shōgun
:
Tokugawa Hidetada
1605–1623 		Succeeded by
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