Tongan megapode

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Tongan megapode
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Megapodiidae
Genus: Megapodius
Species:
M. pritchardii
Binomial name
Megapodius pritchardii
Gray, GR, 1864
Synonyms
  • Megapodius stairi

The Tongan megapode (Megapodius pritchardii) is a species of

Niuafo'ou to which it was restricted for many years. The specific epithet honours British consul William Thomas Pritchard
.

Distribution and habitat

The Tongan megapode is the only remaining species of megapode in Tonga out of the four or five species that were present on the islands in prehuman times (as shown through the fossil record), and indeed the only species of megapode that survives in Polynesia.[2] Similar extinctions occurred in Fiji and New Caledonia, which apparently had three species in prehistory. The species itself once had a more widespread distribution, occurring across most of Tonga, Samoa and Niue.[3] The cause of all these extinctions and declines was the arrival of humans on the islands, and the associated predation on adults and particularly eggs, as well as predation by introduced species.

On Niuafo'ou the small human population and remoteness of its habitat probably saved the species. The only megapode to survive human arrival in Western Polynesia, "the megapode nesting grounds were carefully controlled by the ruling chief, thus assuring the continued survival of this population."[4]

Its natural

incubate its eggs by sitting on them; instead the species buries them in warm volcanic sands and soil and allows them to develop. On islands in former parts of its range without volcanoes it presumably created mounds of rotting vegetation and laid the eggs there.[2] The young birds are capable of flying immediately after hatching.[5]

Status and conservation

Eggs of the Malau (Megapodius pritchardii), gathered at Lake Vai Lahi (Niuafoʻou) in 1967.

The Tongan megapode is principally threatened by the same factors that caused its decline in the rest of Polynesia. Its eggs are still harvested by local people in spite of theoretical government protection, and some hunting still occurs. The species is apparently afforded some protection by the difficulty in reaching its habitat.

Fonualei. The translocation was successful on Fonualei and an estimated 350–500 birds now breed there, but surveys of Late subsequently found that the translocation there had failed.[6]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678625A156113936.en
    . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-226-77142-7
    pp. 291–292
  3. S2CID 86588636
    .
  4. ISBN 0-521-78879-X
    .
  5. ^
    JSTOR 4160299
    .
  6. ^ Birdlife International (2004) "Megapode survey too late" Downloaded 29 July 2008

External links

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