Demographics of Tonga
Demographics of Tonga | |
---|---|
Population | 105,517 (2022 est.) |
Growth rate | -0.26% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 20.31 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Death rate | 4.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Life expectancy | 77.53 years |
• male | 75.89 years |
• female | 79.23 years |
Fertility rate | 2.76 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 12.41 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | -18.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 32% |
65 and over | 6.83% |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Tongan |
Major ethnic | Tongan (97%) |
Tongans, a
Primary education between ages 6 and 14 is compulsory and free in state schools. Mission schools provide about 83% of the primary and 90% of the secondary level education. Higher education includes teacher training, nursing and medical training, a small private university, a women's business college, and a number of private agricultural schools. Most higher education is pursued overseas.
Based on 2021 estimates, the religious breakdown of the population was Protestant 63.9% (includes Free Wesleyan Church 34.2%, Free Church of Tonga 11.3%, Church of Tonga 6.8%, Tokaikolo Christian Church 1.5%, Assembly of God 2.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Constitutional Church of Tonga 1.2%, and other Protestant 4%), Latter-day Saints 19.7%, Roman Catholic 13.7%, other 2.1%, none 0.6%, unspecified 0.1%.[1]
As the 1960s ended the population growth rate fell rapidly in the country.
Population history
In the 1930s, Tonga had a population of about 32,000. Starting in the 1970s large scale migration began to Australia and New Zealand. By the 1970s the emigration rate from Tonga to Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada, France and the United States was over 2% annually.[2] The country has over 100,000 residents.
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1891 | 19,196 | — |
1956 | 56,838 | +196.1% |
1966 | 77,429 | +36.2% |
1976 | 90,085 | +16.3% |
1986 | 94,649 | +5.1% |
1996 | 97,784 | +3.3% |
2006 | 101,991 | +4.3% |
2011 | 103,252 | +1.2% |
2016 | 100,651 | −2.5% |
2021 | 100,209 | −0.4% |
Source: [3][4] |
Vital statistics
Births and deaths[5]
Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | TFR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | 94,649 | 5.2 | ||||||
1996 | 97,784 | 30.3 | 7.5 | 22.8 | 4.1 | |||
2000 | 2,696 | 672 | 2,024 | |||||
2001 | 2,546 | 579 | 1,967 | |||||
2002 | 2,662 | 591 | 2,076 | |||||
2003 | 2,781 | 617 | 2,164 | |||||
2006 | 101,991 | 2,945 | 709 | 2,236 | 29.0 | 7.0 | 22.0 | 4.2 |
2011 | 103,252 | 2,896 | 699 | 2,197 | 28.0 | 6.8 | 21.2 | 3.9 |
2013 | 2,887 | 759 | 2,128 | |||||
2014 | 2,875 | 939 | 1,936 | |||||
2015 | 2,848 | 805 | 2,043 | |||||
2016 | 100,651 | 2,632 | 830 | 1,802 | 24.0 | 5.8 | 18.2 | 3.5 |
2017 | 2,463 | 836 | 1,627 | |||||
2018 | 2,093 | 728 | 1,365 | |||||
2019 | 2,178 | 455 | 1,723 | |||||
2020 | 1,798 | 575 | 1,223 | |||||
2021 | 100,179 | 1,424 |
Structure of the population
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 50 255 | 50 396 | 100 651 | 100 |
0–4 | 6 440 | 6 059 | 12 499 | 12.42 |
5–9 | 6 417 | 5 736 | 12 153 | 12.07 |
10–14 | 6 139 | 5 743 | 11 882 | 11.81 |
15–19 | 5 449 | 5 053 | 10 502 | 10.43 |
20–24 | 4 106 | 4 128 | 8 234 | 8.18 |
25–29 | 3 162 | 3 467 | 6 629 | 6.59 |
30–34 | 2 994 | 3 527 | 6 521 | 6.48 |
35–39 | 2 704 | 2 941 | 5 645 | 5.61 |
40–44 | 2 473 | 2 716 | 5 189 | 5.16 |
45–49 | 2 600 | 2 581 | 5 181 | 5.15 |
50–54 | 2 129 | 2 021 | 4 150 | 4.12 |
55–59 | 1 571 | 1 683 | 3 254 | 3.23 |
60–64 | 1 297 | 1 399 | 2 696 | 2.68 |
65-69 | 968 | 1 062 | 2 030 | 2.02 |
70-74 | 735 | 866 | 1 601 | 1.59 |
75-79 | 575 | 675 | 1 250 | 1.24 |
80-84 | 315 | 410 | 725 | 0.72 |
85-89 | 127 | 231 | 358 | 0.36 |
90-94 | 25 | 74 | 99 | 0.10 |
95-99 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 0.01 |
100+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | <0.01 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 18 996 | 17 538 | 36 534 | 36.30 |
15–64 | 28 485 | 29 516 | 58 001 | 57.63 |
65+ | 2 751 | 3 324 | 6 075 | 6.04 |
unknown | 23 | 18 | 41 | 0.04 |
Diaspora
There are over 150,000 people of Tongan descent living outside of Tonga, mostly in New Zealand, the United States, and Australia.
Oceania
82,389
There is a
United States
In the U.S.,
California
Much of the U.S. Tongan community resides in
Utah
There is a sizable Tongan community in Utah, mainly in the Salt Lake Valley. Salt Lake County has over 8,000 residents of Tongan ancestry. The Glendale neighborhood of Salt Lake City has one of the highest concentrations of Tongans in the area.
Texas
Oregon
Portland, Oregon has 500 Tongan individuals, with its metropolitan area having several hundred more in addition.[8]
References
- ^ "Tonga page from CIA factbook". 2 May 2023.
- ^ "Migration Policy Institute article on Tonga". February 2004.
- ^ "Population Statistics | Tonga Statistics Department".
- ^ "Tonga's population drops to 100,209". Matangi Tonga Online. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ "Population and Housing Census | Tonga Statistics Department".
- ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ "Tongans: Facts and Figures". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ^ "Portland's Fastest Ethnic Group Struggles to Be Counted". Oregon Public Broadcasting.