Tongjiang, Heilongjiang
Tongjiang
同江市 | |
---|---|
China Standard) | |
Climate | Dwb |
Website | tongjiang |
Tongjiang (
Toponymy
The city is also referred to by the Nanai toponym Lahasusu (Chinese: 拉哈苏苏; pinyin: Lāhāsūsū), which means "ancient house" in the Nanai language.[1]
History
Ancient history
During the Western Zhou (1045 BCE - 771 BCE), the area of present-day Tongjiang was inhabited by the Sushen people.[1] Later, during the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BCE - 220 CE), the area was inhabited by the Yilou.[1] During the Northern and Southern dynasties (420 CE - 589 CE), the area was inhabited by the Wuji .[1]
Early medieval history
From 698 to 936, the kingdom of
King Seon administrated their territories by creating a prefecture in the neighbourhood: The Hoiwon Prefecture (Korean: 회원부; Hanja: 懷遠府) with Dalju (Korean: 달주; Hanja: 達州), present-day Tongjiang, as its administrative centre.[citation needed]
20th century
During the Sino-Soviet conflict in 1929, the Soviet Amur Military Flotilla defeated the Chinese Sungari Military Flotilla in the Battle of Lahasusu.
Administrative divisions
Tongjiang administers 2
Subdistricts
The city's two subdistricts are Fanrong Subdistrict (Chinese: 繁荣街道) and Xinghua Subdistrict (Chinese: 兴华街道).[2]
Towns
The city's six towns are Tongjiang (同江镇), Leye (乐业镇), Sancun (三村镇), Linjiang (临江镇), Xiangyang (向阳镇), and Qinghe (青河镇).[2]
Townships
The city's four townships are Jiejinkou Township (街津口乡), Bacha Township (八岔乡), Jinchuan Township (金川乡), and Yinchuan Township (银川乡).[2]
Other township-level divisions
In addition to the aforementioned divisions, Tongjiang administers 11 other township-level divisions, comprising two tree farms (林场), seven farms (农场), one seed farm (良种场), and one ranch (牧场).[2]
The city's two township-level tree farms are Jiejinkou Tree Farm (Chinese: 街津口林场) and Yabei Tree Farm (Chinese: 鸭北林场).[2]
The city's seven township-level farms are Qindeli Farm (Chinese: 勤得利农场), Qinglongshan Farm (Chinese: 青龙山农场), Qianjin Farm (Chinese: 前进农场), Honghe Farm (Chinese: 洪河农场), Yalühe Farm (Chinese: 鸭绿河农场; lit. 'Yalu River Farm'), Nongjiang Farm (Chinese: 浓江农场), and Zhiqing Farm (Chinese: 知青农场).[2]
The city's sole seed farm is Tongjiang Seed Farm (Chinese: 良种场; lit. 'Seed Farm') and Tongjiang Livestock Farm (Chinese: 畜牧场; lit. 'Livestock Farm').[2]
Demographics
As of January 2022, Tongjiang is home to about 1,500 Nanai people, one of China's smallest recognized ethnic groups.[1]
Climate
Climate data for Tongjiang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
32.8 (91.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
37.1 (98.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
38.0 (100.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −14.2 (6.4) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
11.2 (52.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
11.0 (51.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
8.3 (47.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −19.4 (−2.9) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
14.7 (58.5) |
5.5 (41.9) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−17.4 (0.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −24.2 (−11.6) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
0.1 (32.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−11 (12) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−1.8 (28.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −40.4 (−40.7) |
−37.1 (−34.8) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
5.5 (41.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−26.7 (−16.1) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
−40.4 (−40.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.2 (0.24) |
5.7 (0.22) |
13.4 (0.53) |
27.3 (1.07) |
59.9 (2.36) |
75.4 (2.97) |
127.8 (5.03) |
121.5 (4.78) |
68.5 (2.70) |
29.7 (1.17) |
15.9 (0.63) |
9.7 (0.38) |
561 (22.08) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.0 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 8.2 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 10.9 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 107.9 |
Average snowy days | 8.9 | 6.3 | 8.0 | 4.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 48.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
72 | 67 | 64 | 61 | 63 | 73 | 80 | 83 | 75 | 65 | 68 | 72 | 70 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 165.3 | 196.9 | 244.3 | 228.5 | 251.0 | 246.6 | 241.3 | 237.8 | 227.3 | 192.5 | 153.8 | 139.0 | 2,524.3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 60 | 68 | 66 | 56 | 53 | 52 | 50 | 54 | 61 | 58 | 56 | 53 | 57 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[3][4] |
Transportation
- China National Highway 221
- Jiansanjiang Airport
Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge
The
The Chinese portion of the bridge was finished in July 2016.[6] Work began on the longer Russian section of the bridge in December 2016. Completion of structural link between the two sides of the bridge was completed in March 2019.[7][8] Opening to rail traffic has been repeatedly delayed, with the December 2019 estimate being "the end of 2020",[9] and then 3rd quarter of 2021.[10]
The bridge was completed in August 2021, and began undergoing tests in April 2022.[11] Rostislav Goldstein, the current governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, announced that he expected the bridge to be fully operational by August 20, 2022.[11]
See also
- China–Russia border
- Jiamusi
- List of Provinces of Balhae
- Nanai people
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Tongjiang" 同江概况 [Tongjiang Overview] (in Chinese). Tongjiang Municipal People's Government. 2022-01-13. Archived from the original on 2022-04-15. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h 2021年统计用区划代码(同江市) [2021 Statistical Division Codes (Tongjiang)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-04-15. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ Proposed bridge to boost bilateral trade, China Daily, June 19, 2007.
- ^ Andrew Higgins (July 16, 2016). "An Unfinished Bridge, and Partnership, Between Russia and China". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
- ^ "Russia Completes Construction of First-Ever Rail Bridge to China", The Moscow Times, March 21, 2019, retrieved November 16, 2020
- ^ Россия и Китай соединили железнодорожный мост через Амур [Russia and China connected a railway bridge across the Amur] (in Russian), RBK Group, March 21, 2019, retrieved November 16, 2020
- ^ "Railway bridge over Amur river to China will be built by end of 2020, envoy says". TASS. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ "Новости Хабаровска".
- ^ a b Ji, Siqi (2022-04-14). "First China-Russia railway bridge to boost trade, slash rail-delivery times". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2022-04-15. Retrieved 2022-04-15.